MUHIMBILI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES

SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
RESEARCH PROPOSAL

TITLE: ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES OF HAND HYGIENE

AMONG MOTHER/FEMALE CAREGIVERS AT KINONDONI MUNICIPAL
COUNCIL

CANDIDATE: ZAKAYO KARLO MAKAMBI

REGISTRATION NO: 2020-04-14831
SUPERVISOR: DR. THERESIA
DATE:11/01/2023
Contents
LIST OF ABREVIATION........................................................................................................................3
ABSTRACT...............................................................................................................................................5
CHAPTER ONE........................................................................................................................................6
1.1 Background Information....................................................................................................................6
1.2 Statement of the problem................................................................................................................7
1.3 Conceptual framework....................................................................................................................9
1.4 Rationale of Study.........................................................................................................................10
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS...........................................................................................................11
1.5.1 Broad research question.........................................................................................................11
1.5.2 Specific research questions.....................................................................................................11
1.6 OBJECTIVES................................................................................................................................11
1.6.1 Broad objective.......................................................................................................................11
1.6.2 Specific objectives...................................................................................................................11
CHAPTER TWO.....................................................................................................................................12
2. LITERATURE REVIEW...................................................................................................................12
2.1 Scope to hand hygiene...............................................................................................................12
2.2 Review and objectives................................................................................................................13
2.2.1 Practices of hand hygiene.......................................................................................................13
2.3 Knowledge of hand hygiene......................................................................................................14
2.4 Factors associated with hand hygiene......................................................................................14
CHAPTER THREE.................................................................................................................................15
3. MATERIAL AND METHODS......................................................................................................15
3.1 Study Methods and design........................................................................................................15
3.2 Study population........................................................................................................................16
3.3 Sample size and selection...........................................................................................................16
3.4 Inclusion criteria........................................................................................................................16
3.5 Exclusion criteria.......................................................................................................................17
3.6 Sampling procedure...................................................................................................................17
3.7 Data collection Tool.............................................................................................................18
3.8 Variables.........................................................................................................................................18
3.8.1 Dependent variable.................................................................................................................18
3.8.2 Independent variable..............................................................................................................18
 4.Data analysis.................................................................................................................................19
5.Ethical Consideration...................................................................................................................19
6.Study limitation and Mitigation...................................................................................................19
7. BUDGET..........................................................................................................................................20
9 REFERENCES.......................................................................................................................................22
QUESTIONNAIRE IN ENGLISH VERSION......................................................................................24
KIAMBATANISHO A: DODOSO.........................................................................................................28

LIST OF ABREVIATION

KMC-Kinondoni Municipal Council

SPHSS-School of Public Health and social sciences
WASH-Water sanitation and hygiene
SPSS-statistical package for the social sciences
WHO-World Health Organization
DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS.

Hand hygiene, also known hand washing is the act of cleaning ones hands with soap or hand
wash and water to remove viruses, bacteria, and dirtiness.

Sanitation, refers to the public health condition related to clean drinking water and treatment
and disposal of human excreta and sewage preventing human contact with faces.

Communicable diseases, is any disease which passes between people or animal refers to a
transmittable disease

Knowledge, refers to fact information and skills acquired through experience or education.

Practices, the actual application or use of an idea, belief or method

 ABSTRACT
Background

Hand hygiene to mothers and care givers at household level is an important and tool and
essential in in infections prevention and control to the community to assess the knowledge and
practices of hand washing among mothers and care givers at KMC is crucial since most of the
communicable diseases associates with poor hand hygiene practices but in general the practices
and knowledge on hand hygiene is poor is at lower standard according to literatures reviews and
lack of essential materials and facilities on hand hygiene among household level.

Objective
The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge and practices of hand washing among mothers
and care givers of children aged 0-5 at household level at Kinondoni municipal council.

Materials and methods

Descriptive cross-sectional study will be applied in this study to assess the level of knowledge
and practice of hand hygiene among mother and care givers at KMC in Dar es Salaam with a
total of 248 mothers at KMC the sample will be collected through simple sampling technique
and Swahili questionnaires with closed ended questions will be used to collect the information
from mothers and care givers and data will be analyzed by using SPSS.
Budget
The total budget of assessing the knowledge and practices of hand hygiene behavior among
mothers and female caregivers at Kinondoni municipal council is 408,000/=

CHAPTER ONE
1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background Information

Hand hygiene this is the practice of hand cleansing for the aim of removing particulates or
removal of small microorganisms by the use of clean and safe running water, soap or any
detergents hand washing practices helps in making sure that hands are clean and free from
infectious microorganisms so as to prevent the spread and transmission of communicable
diseases in this study specifically is the transmission from mother or care giver to the child

Hand hygiene is most important element of hygiene but the facilities also supports for the proper
hand hygiene in the community. Sustainable Development Goal 6 [SDG] calls for the global
community to achieve access to hygiene for all by 2030(1).

According to the state of the world hand hygiene report 2021 it is estimated that three out of ten
people lack a facility with water and soap for hand hygiene and 3.2 billion globally lack a facility
with safe running water for the cleansing of the hands also including 670 million who have no
hand washing facility at all(2)
During the outbreak of COVID 19 it received an attention and hand hygiene becomes the central
pillar in the prevention of the communicable disease like COVID 19(3)

Hand hygiene among sub Saharan Africa tends to be poor as there is an increase in the
knowledge but the practice of hand hygiene remain to be poor as a result of negative unquenched
such as the fecal oral diseases is the most common among house hold members ,students at
schools ,incidence of nosocomial infections in the article it was recommended that government
should focus on the promotion of the skill based hand hygiene education which will helps in
rising up the knowledge and practices on hand hygiene among the community members and
these mothers together with care givers at household level(4)

According to the study done in Tanzania on the improvement of functional hand washing
facilities during COVID 19 the perspectives of Tanzania prior to the outbreak 59% of Tanzania.
Households had hand washing facilities that includes water and soap only 22q.83 of these
facilities were functional through that observation the country implemented several measures
including massive campaign which was launched in march 2020 through the national sanitation
campaign and this was aiming at improving and promoting hand washing practice and awareness
with soap and water therefore in general the practice and awareness on hand washing in
Tanzania was highly observed since the outbreak of COVID 19(5).

1.2 Statement of the problem

Hand hygiene among house hold level is an important and most serious affecting people at house
hold level and promotion of it has been recognized as the key issue in diseases control and
preventions to the community most of the diseases caused by poor hand hygiene are life
threatening causing death to young’s due to the communicable diseases transmitted via poor
hand hygiene among mothers and care givers and the control of these diseases are through proper
hand hygiene practices safe supply of drinking water and proper sanitation among the people this
is according to world health organization.
During the pandemic disease corona virus most of the house hold were having proper hand
hygiene facilities and practices was at higher level but as time goes there is no more progress on
hand hygiene.
Despite the effort being made by the Tanzania government on the improvement of hand hygiene
practices and provision of education to the community especially during the critical conditions so
as to prevent the spread of communicable diseases to the community and control of
transmissions of diseases like COVID 19, food borne diseases and water borne diseases but there
is still challenge in sustaining the practice of hand hygiene and making more progress
maintaining. most of the study shows that people at household level are not complying with the
proper hand hygiene practices at the desired this may be due to the lack of enough facilities for
hand washing ,lack of formal education and having access to media, study done in Ethiopia
shows that less than 10% of the household lack proper hand washing facilities which make the
practice of hand washing less effective(4).
Study from northwestern Ethiopia shows that only 39% of the mothers’ practices good hand
washing and more than half they just reminds their children’s to wash their hand(6). Therefore,
this study will focus on assessing the knowledge and practices of hand hygiene practices among
mothers and care givers at level households at Kinondoni municipality and looking in broad at
the factors associated with unsustainable hand hygiene practices in the community so as to
prevent the spread of communicable diseases and ensure proper IPC.

Therefore, this study will focus on assessing the knowledge and practices of hand hygiene
practices among mothers and care givers at level households at Kinondoni municipality and
looking in broad at the factors associated with unsustainable hand hygiene practices in the
community so as to prevent the spread of communicable diseases and ensure proper IPC
 1.3 Conceptual framework

The following conceptual framework is developed based on the literature review and it show the
relationship between outcome variable and independent factors. The frame work explains social-
demographic factors, facility level factor, knowledge, availability of water factors which affect
hand hygiene.

. KNOWLEDGE

HOUSEHOLD
SOCDEMOGR FACILITY LEVEL.
APHIC
HAND Presence of
(Education. HYGIENE hand washing
AGE, Marital PRACTICES facility
status,
experience)

AVAILABILITY
OF WATER

Figure 1:Conceptual framework .

1.4 Rationale of Study

The study finding will be helpful in raising the knowledge on hand hygiene practices to the
community hence rising up the level of IPC. Through rising the knowledge and practices on hand
hygiene will help in reducing the diseases associated with poor sanitation and hygiene among
different household member in the community. The study particularly will help in reducing the
number of children mortality due to communicable diseases associated with the poor hand
hygiene among children’s, mothers and care givers at household level in the community.
Result of these findings will also be helpful to find out different factors associated with hand
hygiene and filling the gap including these issues which are not addressed in the previous studies
including factors associated with unsustainable hand washing in the society, community and
nation at large

1.5 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

1.5.1 Broad research question

What is the level of knowledge and practices on hand hygiene and factors associated with hand
hygiene practices among mothers and female caregivers at Kinondoni municipal council in Dar
es salaam?
1.5.2 Specific research questions
1. What is the level of knowledge on hand hygiene among mothers and female caregivers at
household level in Kinondoni municipal council?
2. What are the practices of hand hygiene among mothers and female caregivers at
Kinondoni municipal council?
3. What are the factors associated with good hand hygiene practices among mothers and
female caregivers at household level in Kinondoni municipal council?

1.6 OBJECTIVES
1.6.1 Broad objective
To determine the level of knowledge and practice on hand hygiene and factors associated with
good hand hygiene practice among mothers and female caregivers at Kinondoni municipal
council

1.6.2 Specific objectives

1. To determine the level of knowledge on hand hygiene among mothers and female caregivers
at Kinondoni municipal council
2. To assess the practices of hand hygiene among mothers and female caregivers at Kinondoni
municipal council in Dar es salaam
3. To assess factors associated with good hand hygiene practices among mothers and female
caregivers at Kinondoni municipal council.
 CHAPTER TWO
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Scope to hand hygiene
Hand hygiene. A general term referring to any action of hand cleansing, which involves many
hands hygienic products such as antimicrobial soap, antiseptic agent, Antiseptic hand wipe,
Detergent, and waterless antiseptic agent Hand hygiene is important aspect to be considered as it
enables the

proper prevention of communicable diseases including cutting down the means of transmission
and it is the most cost-effective investment in public health and economic benefit to the
prevention of communicable diseases like diarrhea ,pneumonia and community health associated
infections, 88% of deaths are attributed by diarrhea disease ,unsafe water ,inadequate sanitation
and insufficient hygiene(4) . Mothers and other care givers are highly responsible for taking care
of child health and have significant effects on the maintenance of child health and this can be
achieved by the proper hand washing to be practiced by following all steps during cleaning of
hands

2.2 Review and objectives

2.2.1 Practices of hand hygiene

Practices refers to the actual application or use of an idea belief or methods on hand hygiene the
practice of washing hands in the community specially to mothers with children aged below five
or care givers is an important aspect in infectious prevention and controls. For example, alcohol-
based[hand]rub(7).

WHO recommended steps to follow during process of hand washing.

There are steps on hand washing when followed properly by mothers and care givers they will
cut off the chains for transmission of communicable diseases.
Wet hands with water; apply enough soap to cover all hand surfaces; Rub hands palm to palm;
Right palm over left dorsum with interlaced fingers and vice versa; Palm to palm with fingers
interlaced; Backs of fingers to opposing palms with fingers interlocked; Rotational rubbing of
left thumb clasped in right palm and vice versa; Rotational rubbing, backwards and forwards
with clasped fingers of right hand in left palm and vice versa; Rotational rubbing, backwards and
forwards with clasped fingers of right hand in left palm and vice versa; Rinse hands with water;
Dry hands thoroughly with a single use towel; Use towel to turn off faucet; Dry hands
thoroughly using a method that prevents recontamination hands and Your hands are now safe.
The duration of the entire procedure is 20-60 seconds(2)

This practice of hand hygiene is to be carried out not only at critical times and the study from
northwest Ethiopia shows that only 52.2%(6). practices hand hygiene example during COVID 19
instead at all-time including daily after visiting the toilet in case of mothers or care givers is after
they dispose child %. giving child food and when get in contact with the surfaces which are
contaminated study done in Nigeria on the knowledge and practices of hand hygiene among
mothers shows that there is high percent of hand washing practiced by mothers and female
caregivers just after visiting the toilets or after disposal of child faces that is 81% also greater
percent after cleaning the child 73.18% and smaller percent 29.98% just before feeding and this
is because the faces are commonly viewed as highly detestable kind of waste than any other
waste study done in Nigeria shows that there 38.88% and 24.92% of the mothers believed hand
washing practices could prevent diseases like diarrhea while others believed it could not help in
the prevention of diseases(3)
Study on hand washing practices among mothers of children aged 0 to 23 done in South Ethiopia
shows that 27.1% of mothers wash their hands after visiting the latrines and 28.5% after cleaning
the child’s bottom and this is due to the water availability near the hand washing location(1).
other study conducted in Odisha India shows 72% 0f the mothers practiced and hygiene after
defecation and this was due to the unavailability of soap and decreased susceptibility to diarrhea

2.3 Knowledge of hand hygiene

According to the study done in Nigeria shows that 70.6% of mothers have good knowledge on
hand hygiene this knowledge was mostly based on the instruments and facilities used in the
process of hand washing together with the importance of hand washing among mothers. other
studies show that the knowledge on hand hygiene among household was due to the education
level means the education level has an influence on people awareness and practices concerning
hand washing. most of the studies shows that mothers do have knowledge concerning hand
hygiene but they don’t have knowledge on the specific disease in relation to hand hygiene(8)

2.4 Factors associated with hand hygiene

Study conducted in Odisha India shows some of the factors which are associated with hand
hygiene being non-availability of soaps and decreased perceived susceptibility to
diarrhea(9).other factors associated with hand hygiene includes lack of functional and accessible
hand washing facilities. the lack of important materials and facilities among the households
indicates the potential risks of pathogens transmissions to new born or to children’s hence
spreads of communicable diseases (10)
Study from Nigeria community on knowledge of hand washing practice among care givers
suggest that participation on hand washing health education activity, health promotion activity
on personal and environmental hygiene including hand washing are associated with hand
washing practices together with knowledge
 CHAPTER THREE

3. MATERIAL AND METHODS

3.1 Study Methods and design
In this study the cross-sectional design will be applied to obtain data on knowledge and practices
on hand hygiene among mothers and or female caregivers living in Kinondoni municipal council,
the quantitative data will be collected in order to get the information with minimal time and cost

The study population will be mothers or female caregivers residing at selected household at
Kinondoni municipal council, particularly in KAWE ward at administrative street namely
Mkwamani

3.2 Study population

The study participants of this research will be mothers or female caregivers of under-fives

3.3 Sample size and selection

Sample will be calculated by using the formula below

n=Z2P(1-P) /E2
Where:
n=Estimated sample size
Z=Standard normal deviation of 1.96 at 95% confidence
P=Proportional of poor hand hygiene was 81% (0.81) according to previous studies conducted
among mothers of children 6 to 59 months in Mareka district-Ethiopia in the year 2020(1)
E=margin of error 5%
For this study the value of the 95% spread limit will be used i.e., z=1.96; this value is more
preferred level of confidence for scientific comparison.
The expected proportion[p] was obtained from previous study done about practices concerning
hand hygiene the margin of error- that was tolerated in this study i.e., d=5% (0.05).
There fore
n=1.962 x 0.81(1-0.81)/52
=0.052
Therefore, sample size estimated is 225
By adding 10% which is 23 in case of non-response, in the end a total of 248 individuals will be
interviewed

3.4 Inclusion criteria

All mothers or female caregivers who have children aged below five years and voluntarily give
the consent to participate in the study.

3.5 Exclusion criteria

All mothers and female caregivers with children aged below five years but are not residents of
Kinondoni municipal council.

3.6 Sampling procedure

Multistage random cluster sampling techniques will be employed to the ultimate sample
unit(households) and eventually one individual per household (mother or female care giver) will
be interviewed.

First stage involves selection of District.

At regional level a list of all district will be obtained. As selection of the district will be done by
using simple random technique whereby from the sample frame, district was assigned numbers.
Following a simple random technique using lottery method a single district picked and identified
to be Kinondoni district.

Second stage involves selection a Ward.

Kinondoni district has 34 Yards in total, and a list of all names of all wards was obtained. Simple
random sampling technique was used to pick one ward in the district, Kawe ward was identified.

Third stage involves selection of a Mtaa (administrative street)

From a total of 4 Mtaa of Kawe ward the same method as in first stage was used and Mkwamani
was picked.

Fourth stage involves selection of households.

A sample frame with a list of all house members in Mkwamani will be obtained (1012
households)(11). From the 1012 households in Mkwamani a systematic sampling technique
using the interval method will be used to identify the 248 households(11). Each household on the
list will have a number, and the list will be listed in chronological order. The first household will
be identified by conducting simple random sampling on the first household numbers using the
lottery method. The first house hold identified will be used as starting point for the selection of
subsequent household numbers by the interval method. Where K (interval) will be obtained using
formula K=N/n (N total number of household and n=number of sample households)

Following the calculation K=4, and then 4 used as the interval (this way all 248 will come from
within the 1012 households), so from the first household number picked the next household to be
picked will be at an interval of 4 and 5th household will subsequently be picked till a total of 248
households obtained

3.7 Data collection Tool

Data will be collected by using interview structured questionnaires with closed ended questions.
The questionnaire will be administered to mothers and or female caregivers of children aged
below 5years by research assistants. The questionnaire sectioned into 4 parts namely; PART A:
social demographic questions, PART B: comprises with 6 knowledge-based questions, PART C:
comprises with 4 hand hygiene practice-based questions, PART D comprises of handwashing
infrastructure and water availability questions.

3.8 Variables
3.8.1 Dependent variable

Hand hygiene practices. Practices of hand hygiene will be categorized as good practice and poor
practice. Those participants who will score 20 out of 22 score will be categorized as having good
practice, and those who will score less than 20 out of 22 will be categorized as having
poor(bad)practice

3.8.2 Independent variable

Socio-demographic factors: age, Marital status(nominal), educational status(ordinal), occupation,

level of income
Knowledge on hand hygiene, knowledge will be categorized as poor knowledge ,moderate
knowledge and good knowledge using a knowledge score(4).knowledge score will be out of 22
total score in the questionnaire, good knowledge will be defined as score greater than18 out of
22(80%),moderate score will be defined as score between 11to 17out of 22(50-70%),and poor
knowledge will be defined score below 11out of 22(less than 50%)

4.Data analysis
Data from the interviews will be entered into Microsoft excel spreadsheet for cleaning and
coding and then to STATA software version 20.0 for analysis. Percentages and fractions used to
present categorical data while mean (SD) or median (IQR) will be used to present continuous
data. Chi square analysis will be applied to determine the association between categorical
outcome. A p-value of less than 0.05 at 95% confidence interval will be considered statistically
significant.

5.Ethical Consideration
Permission to conduct the study will be obtained from MUHAS and letter of introductory from
school of public health and social science

Consent will be obtained from the participants who are mothers and female caregivers prior
before involvement in the study and confidentiality shell be maintained

The permission for conducting study will be obtained from respective Municipal council, ward
and street.

6.Study limitation and Mitigation

Limitation
. Lack of accurate information from participants this may be due to failure to understand some of
the questions and asked during the interview
. Some of the participants may resist giving the information during study

Mitigation
. Stating the question correctly and making clarification so that participants may understand and
provides correct answers during data collection

. Explain the purpose of conducting the study, benefit of conducting the study and obtain consent
from the participants before the study including building good report to participants so that to
obtain correct results

7. BUDGET
The total budget for this study will be 408,000/=Shillings

ACTIVITIES/INPUT UNIT UNIT DAYS COST(TSH)

REQUIRED COST

STATIONARIES

Questionnaires(printing, 8 pages and 150 @200 - 45,000

photocopying and 2reams) photocopy

Pen 5 @200 - 1000

Eraser 4 @500 - 2000

Notebook 2 @5000 - 10,000

ALLOWANCE

Field assistant 3 @20000 5 100000

OTHER FEES

Report, writing, dissertation - - - 150,000

‘binding’

Contingency 100000

ROUND TOTAL
408,000

DETAILED DECEMBER FEBRUARY JULY 2023 AUGUST

ACTIVITIES 2023
2022 2023

WRITING AND
SUBMISSION OF
RESEARCH
PROPASAL

ETHICAL
CLEARENCE

DATA
COLLECTION
 DATA ANALYSIS
AND REPORT
WRITING

REPORT AND
PRESENTANTIO
N

9 REFERENCES
1. Mekonen T, Admasie A, Leka YL, Darota D, Feleke FW. Handwashing Practice and Its
Predictors Among Mothers of Children Aged 0 to 23 Months in South Ethiopia :
Community Based Cross-Sectional Study. 2021;

2. Arias A V, Garcell HG, Ochoa YR, Arias KF, Miranda FR. Assessment of hand hygiene
techniques using the World Health Organization ’ s six steps. J Infect Public Health
[Internet]. 2016;9(3):366–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2015.11.006

3. Parikh P, Diep L, Gupte J, Lakhanpaul M. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a
COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel
coronavirus COVID- 19 . The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect ,
the company ’ s public news and information website . Elsevier hereby grants permission
to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource
 centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and
other publicly funded repositories , such as the WHO COVID database with rights for
unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with
acknowledgement of the original source . These permissions are granted for free by
Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active . COVID-19
challenges and WASH in informal settlements : Integrated action supported by the
sustainable development goals. 2020;(January).

4. Mshida HA, Kassim N, Mpolya E, Kimanya M. Water , Sanitation , and Hygiene

Practices Associated with Nutritional Status of Under-Five Children in Semi-Pastoral
Communities Tanzania. 2018;98(5):1242–9.

5. Shao M, Mushi V, Mwelange L, Mwakitalima A. The improvement of functional

handwashing facilities during COVID-19 : the perspective of Tanzania. 2021;21–3.

6. Dagne H, Bogale L, Borcha M, Tesfaye A, Dagnew B. Hand washing practice at critical

times and its associated factors among mothers of under five children in Debark town ,
northwest Ethiopia , 2018. 2019;1–7.

7. Health P, Taddese AA, Dagnew B, Dagne H, Andualem Z. Mother ’ s Handwashing

Practices and Health Outcomes of Under-Five Children in Northwest. 2020;101–8.

8. Nalule Y, Buxton H, Flynn E, Oluyinka O, Sara S, Cumming O, et al. Hygiene along the
continuum of care in the early post-natal period : an observational study in Nigeria.
2020;3:1–11.

9. Pati S, Kadam SS, Chauhan AS. Hand hygiene behavior among urban slum children and
their care takers in Odisha , India. 2014;65–8.

10. B VR, Kusuma YS, Pandav CS, Goswami AK, Krishnan A. Water and Sanitation Hygiene
Practices for Under-Five Children among Households of Sugali Tribe of Chittoor District ,
Andhra Pradesh , India. 2017;2017.

11. Republic TU, Bureau N, Ministry S, June PD. 2020 Tanzania in Figures. 2021;(June).
QUESTIONNAIRE IN ENGLISH VERSION
Information to read to respondent:
We wish to learn about knowledge and practice of hand hygiene among mothers or female
caregivers of under-fives at Kinondoni municipal council.
The information you provide will be used to improve knowledge and understanding and practice
of hand hygiene among mothers and female caregivers of under-fives at Kinondoni municipal
council in the process of preventing the spread and outbreak of infectious diseases such as
diarrhea among under-fives and their mothers or female caregivers at Kinondoni. furthermore, it
will provide information to policy maker or management authority to promote understanding and
practice of hand hygiene.
Your answer will not be released to anyone and will remain anonymous. Your name will not be
written or be kept in any other records. Your participation is voluntary and you may choose to
stop the interview at any time without being penalized. Thank you for your assistance
QUESTIONNAIRE IDENTIFICATION
(INTERVIEWER: Please write in empty spaces or CIRCLE on appropriate response/s)

QCODE QUESTION RESPONSE& CODING

O0 Questionnaire ID No [..................................]

O2 Name of Interviewer
...............................................

O3 Date of Interview
........./............/..................

SECTION A: SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS

QCODE QUESTION RESPONSE

A1 What is your relationship 1. Mother

with the child? 2. Care giver

A1 Age
……………………………

A2 Residence
.............................................

A3 Marital status of the mother 1. Married

 of child. 2. Single/never married
3. Divorced /separated/widowed

A5 What is the highest level of 1. Never

education you have 2. Primary not completed
completed? 3. Primary completed
4. Secondary
5. Higher education level

A6 What is your main 1. No job

occupation? 2. Self employed
3. Employed in private sectors
4. Employed in government sectors

SECTION B. HAND HYGIENE KNOLWEDGE AMONG MOTHERS OR FEMALE

CAREGIVERS

Q CODE ITEM RESULTS

B0 Have you ever heard about 1 Yes

hand washing? 2 No

B1A Where did you hear about it? 1 school

2 church
3 television
4 Radio
5 Friends/neighbor
6 Others……………

B1B What is importance of hand 1 Helps to prevent disease

 washing? 2 Helps to protect your
children from infection
3 Helps limit spread of
infection in the community
4 Do not know
5 Others……….

B2 What disease can be 1 Malaria

contracted by not washing 2 typhoid
your hand? 3 Diarrhea disease
4 Covid-19

B3 What materials are needed for 1 water

effective hand washing? 2 Water and soap
3 Water, soap, and hand
towel

B4 Have you had any health 1 Yes

education on hand washing in 2 No
the last one year?

SECTION C: HAND HYGIENE PRACTICES AMONG MOTHERS OR FEMALE

CAREGIVERS AT KINONDON MUNICIPAL COUNCIL

QCODES ITEMS RESULTS

C1 How often do you wash your hand? 1 Always

2 sometimes
3 Rarely
4 Never

C2 How do you wash your hand? 1 water only

2 sanitizers
3 soap and water
4 hand washing and sanitizing
 contaminant

C3 Are you washing hands after the 1 after defecating?

activities below? 2 after urinating?
3 before preparing food or drink?
4 before eating?
5 after handling your children feaces,
urine, diaper or napkins?

C4 What duration takes during washing 1 10seconds

your hand? 2 15seconds
3 20-25seconds
4 20-35seconds
20-60seconds
6 Others

SECTION D: HAND WASHING INFRASTRUCTURE AND WATER AVAILABILITY

QCODES ITEMS RESULTS

D1 Is water available for hand 1 Yes

washing? 2 No

D2 What is the major type of 1 water only

hand washing materials? 2 water and soap

D3 What is the major source of 1 Rain water

water in your household? 2 Borehole
3 Rivers/stream
4 Piped-borne water
5 Wells
 6 Others

KIAMBATANISHO A: DODOSO
CHUO KIKUU CHA AFYA NA SAYANSI SHIRIKISHI MUHIMBILI.
SHULE YA AFYA UMMA NA SAYANSI ZA JAMII
Tunapenda kujifunza kuhusu elimu na mazoezi ya usafi wa mikono kwa akina mama au walezi
wa watoto wenye umri chini ya miaka mitano katika halmashauri ya manispaa ya
kinondoni.Taarifa utakazotoa zitatumika kuboresha elimu na uelewa na mazoezi ya usafi wa
mikono kwa akina mama na walezi wa watoto chini ya umri wa miaka mitano,katika harakati za
kuzuia kuenea na mlipuko wa magonjwa ambukizi kama vile kuhara kwa watoto chini ya miaka
mitano,Zaidi ya hayo itatoa taarifa kwa mtunga sera au mamlaka ya usimamizi ili kukuza uelewa
na mazoezi ya usafi wa mikono.

Jibu lako halitatolewa kwa mtu yeyote na litabaki bila kujulikana. jina lako halitaandikwa au
kuwekwa katika rekodi nyingine zozote. kushiriki kwako ni kwa hiari na unaweza kuchagua
kusitisha mahojiano wakati wowote bila kuadhibiwa. ahsante kwa msaada wako

UTANGULIZI
1…………………………………
11…………………………………….

MAELEKEZO

SEHEMU A: TABIA ZA KIDEMOGRAFI

MSIMBO Q SWALI MAJIBU

A1 Je,unauhusiano gani na 1 mama

 mtoto? 2 mlezi wa kike

A2 Umri ………………

A3 Makazi …………………

A4 Hali ya ndoa ya mama? 1 ndoa

2 sijaolewa
3 kutalikiana,kutengwa,mjane

A5 Je,nikiwango gani cha juu 1 sijasoma

cha elimu ulichomaliza? 2 msingi haujakamilika
3 sekondari
4 chuo

A6 Je,kazi yako kuu ni ipi? 1 sina kazi

2 kazi binafsi
3 nimeajiriwa katika sekta binafsi
4 nimeajiriwa katika sekta za
serikari

SEHEMU YA B: MAARIFA YA USAFI WA MIKONO MIONGONI MWA MAMA AU

WALEZI WA KIKE
 SWALI KAZI
MSIMBO Q

B1 Je,umewahi kusikia kuhusu 1 ndiyo

kunawa mikono? 2 hapana

B2 Ulisikia wapi kuhusu kunawa 1 shuleni

mikono? 2 kanisani
3 television

4 redio

5 marafiki/jirani
6nyingine……

B3 Kuna umhimu gani wa kunawa 1 husaidia kuzuia magonjwa

mikono? 2 husaidia kuwalinda watoto wako
ya maambukizi
3 husaidia kupunguza kuenea
maambukizi katika jamii

4 sijui

5 nyingine

B4 Ni ugonjwa gani unaweza 1 malaria

kuambukizwa kwa kutokunawa 2 homa ya matumbo
mikono yako? 3 ugonjwa wa kuhara
4 covid-19

B5 Ni nyenzo gani zinahitajika kwa 1 maji

ufanisi wa kuosha mikono? 2 maji na sabuni
3 maji,sabuni,na taulo za mikono

B6 Je,umepata elimu yoyote ya afya 1 ndiyo

ya kunawa mikono katika mwaka 2 hapana
mmoja uliopita?
SEHEMU YA C: MAZOEA YA USAFI WA MIKONO MIONGONI MWA AKINA MAMA
AU WALEZI WA WATOTO KATIKA HALMASHAURI YA MANISPAA YA KINONDONI

MSIMBO Q SWALI MAJIBU

C1 Je,unanawa mikono mara 1 kila mara

ngapi? 2 mara nyingine
3 mara chache

4 sinawi mikono

C2 Je,unanawaje mikono yako? 1 maji pekee

2 visafishaji taka
3 sabuni na maji
4 kunawa mikono na
kusafisha uchafu

C3 Je,unanawa mikono baada ya 1 baada ya kujisadia?

shughuli zilizo hapa chini? 2 baada ya kukojoa?
3 kabla ya kuandaa chakula
au kinywaji?

4 kabla ya kula

5 baada ya kusafisha kinyesi,

mkojo wa mtoto?

C4 Je,inachukua mda gani wakati 1 sekunde 10

wa kuosha mikono? 2 sekunde 15
3 sekunde 20-25
4 sekunde 20-35
 5 sekunde20-60
6 nyingine

SEHEMU YA D: SEHEMU YA MIUNDOMBINU YA KUNAWA MIKONO NA

UPATIKANAJI WA MAJI

MSIMBO Q SWALI MAJIBU

D1 Je,maji ya kunawa mikono 1 ndiyo

yana patikana? 2 hapana

D2 Ni aina gani kuu ya vitu 1 maji pekee

unavyo- tumia kunawa 2 maji na sabuni
mikono?

D3 Je,chanzo kikuu cha maji 1 maji na mvua

katika kaya yako ni kipi? 2 kisima cha maji
3 mito/mkondo
4 maji ya bomba
5 visima
6 nyingine