LESSON 2.

1
BRIEF HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• Discuss the role of Science and Technology in
Philippine nation building.
• Evaluate government policies pertaining to science
and technology in terms of their contributions to
nation building
• Identify actual science and technology policies of
the government and appraise their impact on the
development of the Filipino nation
The history of science and technology
started way back before the country
gained its independence from which
colonizers?
AMERICA
N
HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE
PHILIPPINES
Science and Technology in
the Philippines were
introduced in the country
before the colonizers came.
 The early inhabitants of the
archipelago has their own
unique culture and traditions.

They had their own belief system of

indigenous knowledge

⮚This keeps them organize, sustained and

survived in their daily lives and communities
for many years.
 They developed
knowledge and skills in
agriculture
They studied the medicinal
properties of plants around them.
They studied the medicinal
properties of plants around them.
They observed heavenly bodies to predict
weather conditions and tell the time.
The Filipinos used indigenous and ingenious
technology in building their homes, in
planting various crops, in fishing and hunting
for food, and in building irrigation systems.
 They created musical instruments
for entertainment and for festivities.
 They also build transportation
tools to travel by land and water.
WHAT IS SCIENCE
during the PRE-SPANISH
(Pre-Colonial) in the Philippines
PRE-COLONIAL
PERIOD
SCIENCE is embedded
in the way of life
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
SCIENCE
1. Planting crops that provide them food
2. Taking care of animals (for daily task)
3. Food production
4. Interpret the movements of heavenly
bodies to predict seasons and climates
5. Medicinal uses of plants
6. Preparing soil for agriculture
WHAT IS
TECHNOLOGY
during the PRE-SPANISH
(Pre-Colonial) in the Philippines
PRE-COLONIAL
PERIOD
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
TECHNOLOGY
1. Building Houses
2. Irrigation
3. Developing tools for farming, cooking, fishing
4. Tools for fighting the enemies during war or tribal
conflicts
5. Transportation both on land and waterways
6. Musical instruments
PRE-COLONIAL
PERIOD

METAL
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
COLONIAL PERIOD
COLONIAL PERIOD
1. Brought with their own culture and practices
2. Established schools for boys and girls
3. Introduced the concept of subjects and disciplines
4. Beginning of formal science and technology in the country,
known now as SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
5. Learning science in school focuses on understanding
different concepts related to the human body, plants,
animals, and heavenly bodies.
6. Technology focuses on using and developing house tools
used in everyday life
COLONIAL PERIOD
• They became modernized
• They adapt Western
technology and ways of
life.

INDIGENOUS
MATERIAL
 Colleges and
Universities
established by
Catholic orders
GALLEON TRADE
COLONIAL PERIOD
PHILIPPINES
SUPERSTITIOUS
BELIEFS AND
CATHOLIC
DOCTRINES
COLONIAL PERIOD
COLONIAL PERIOD
1. Americans have more influence
in the development of science
and technology in the
Philippines
COLONIAL PERIOD
2. They established:
a. Public Education System
b. Improved Engineering works
and health of the people
c. Modern Research University
d. The University of the Philippines
e. Created more public hospitals
f. Mineral were explored and
exploited
g. Transportation and
communication systems were
improved (not accessible
throughout the country)
COLONIAL PERIOD
COLONIAL PERIOD

WWII
COLONIAL PERIOD
POST-COLONIAL PERIOD

PRESIDENT
MARCOS
PHIVOLCS
 system
afford.
collection
people
space
.
• SURVIVAL
• CULTURE
• ECONOMIC
ACTIVITIES
• FOREIGN
COLONIZERS
• TRADE WITH
FOREIGN
COUNTRIES
• INTERNATIONAL
ECONOMIC
DEMANDS
 Science and Technology may have a
significant impact on the lives of the people
and the development of Philippine society.
However, improving the quality of science
education remains a big challenge in the
country.
LESSON 2.2
GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
 AmBisyon Natin 2040
• AmBisyon Natin 2040: matatag, maginhawa at
panatag na buhay para sa lahat

• which has three pillars:

1. Malasakit (enhancing the social fabric),
2. Pagbabago (reducing inequality)and
3. Kaunlaran (increasing potential growth).
GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON S&T
1. What government agency provides funds
for basic research and patents related to
S&T and provides scholarship for
undergraduate and graduate studies of
students in the field of S&T

DOST
GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON S&T
GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON S&T
DOST
• Establish more branches of Philippine Science
High School System
• Balik Scientist Program
• Creating science and technology parks to
encourage academe and industry partnerships
• The establishment of the National Science
Complex and National Engineering Complex
within the University of the Philippines – Diliman.
GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON S&T
2. What is the government program on
establishing the national center of excellence,
workforce and institutional development
programs, regional centers to support specific
industries, and business centers?

PAASE – Philippine American

Academy of Science and Engineering
GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON S&T
3. What track in the senior high school program
encourage more students to enroll in science-
related field in college?

STEM
GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON S&T
4. GIVE ONE VARIABLE that influence the
development of policies in science and
• NATIONAL GOALS
technology?
• INTERNATIONAL TREATY
• LEGAL FRAMEWORKS
• SOCIAL NEEDS, ISSUES and
PROBLEMS
The
TheHNRDA
HNRDA(2017-2028)
(2017-2028)
• The HARMONIZED NATIONAL RESEARCH
and DEVELOPMENT AGENDA was prepared
by the Department of Science and
Technology (DOST), in collaboration with
the government and other private agencies.

• All the S&T endeavors are directed toward

the realization of economic and social
benefits of mankind.
HARMONIZED NATIONAL RESEARCH and
DEVELOPMENT AGENDA
1. SECTION I National Integrated Basic Research Agenda
(NIBRA) (sustainable community, clean energy, health sufficiency, water, food,
and nutrition security)
2. SECTION II Health
3. SECTION III Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources
(AANR)
4. SECTION IV Industry, Energy, and Emerging Technology
(stability, production, land, marketing, and the system of our economy)
5. SECTION V Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change
Adaptation (DRR & CCA)
FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN
THE FIELD OF SCIENCE
FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD OF
SCIENCE
5. He is a filipino scientist
known for his outstanding
research on tissue culture in
Philippine mangoes
RAMON CABANOS
BARBA
FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD OF
SCIENCE
6. He is a Filipino scientist
known for inventing the
meconium drugs testing

Enrique Mapua Ostrea

Jr.
FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD OF
SCIENCE
7. He is a Filipino scientist
known for his work on
observing the
characteristics of Antarctica
by using satellite images.

Josefino Cacas Comiso

FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD OF
SCIENCE
8. He is a Filipino scientist
known for his research on
tilapia culture
Rafael Dineros Guerrero
III
FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD OF
SCIENCE
9. She is a Filipino scientist
known for her notable
research on sea snail
venom

Lourdes Jansuy Cruz

FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD OF
SCIENCE
10. He is a Filipino scientist
known for his research in the
field of communications
technology.

Gregory Ligot Tangonan

FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD OF
SCIENCE
11. She is a Filipino scientist
known for her research on
plant biotechnology

Lilian Formalejo Patena

FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD OF
SCIENCE
12. He is a Filipino scientist
known for his research on
herbal medicine

Fabian Millar Dayrit

FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD OF
SCIENCE
13. She is a Filipino scientist
known for being an
outstanding educator and
graph theorist
Mari-Jo Panganiban
Ruiz
FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD OF
SCIENCE
14. He is a Filipino scientist known
internationally in the field of
electrical engineering; was
elected as officer of the famous
Institute of Electrical and
Electronic Engineering.

Jose Bejar Cruz Jr.

OTHER FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD
OF SCIENCE (International)

Caesar A. Saloma
An internationally renowned
physicist
OTHER FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD
OF SCIENCE (International)

Edgardo Gomez
Famous scientist in marine science
OTHER FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD
OF SCIENCE (International)
William Padolina
Chemistry and president of
National Academy of Science
and Technology (NAST) –
Philippines.
OTHER FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD
OF SCIENCE (International)
Angel Alcala
Marine Science
7. A school known as science paradise for
agriculture forestry, plat and animal
science, and veterinary science

UP – LOS BAÑOS
8. A school known as national center for
marine science, fisheries

UP – VISAYAS
9. A school known as center of excellence
and produced many researchers, doctors,
health professionals and scientists

UP – MANILA
10. A school that establish national science
and engineering complex to develop
more research and produce more
scientists and engineers

UP – DILIMAN
 Many Filipino scientists, whether they are in the
country or abroad, always excel in their job. The
Filipino spirit in their soul has never faded. They
continue to bring honor to the country. They make
ordinary things in an extraordinary way. They are
always at par with other scientists in spite of the
limited facilities we have in our country.