PENNY INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE

COKER-COMPOUND, ORILE IGANMU, LAGOS.

CLASS: SS3 2023/2024 SESSION
SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY

ESSAY
{100 MARKS}
Answer Four question in all: One question in Section B.
All questions carry equal marks.
Credit will be given for clarity of expression and orderly presentation of materials.

Section A
Answer all the questions in this section
1. (a) What is standard hydrogen electrode?
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(b) Give a reason why metals are generally good reducing agents.
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(c) State the reason why diamond is:
(i) Used in jewellery;
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(ii) used as an abrasive;
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(iii) a non-conductor of electricity.
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(d) (i) Arrange the following molecules in increasing order of their bond angles:
Give reasons for your answer
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(ii) Give two examples of a chemical change.
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(e) What are isotopes?
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Candidate Name:………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(f) Differentiate between a weak acid and a dilute acid.

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(g) Define the term pH.

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(h) State two harmful effects that nitrogen (IV) oxide has on the environment.
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(i) Write an equation for the reaction of chlorine with hot sodium hychloride
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(j) (i) State the method used to obtain pure ethanol from the aqueous mixture.
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(ii) State how the oxidation of ethanol can be prevented.
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SECTION B
Answer three questions in this section
2. (a) Explain why transition metals are paramagnetic.
c
(ii) Consider the following compound:
O H H
‖
H 3C – C – O – C – C – H
⁄
H H
State the:
I. Functional group; ___________________________________________________
II. Name of the Compound.____________________________________________ {4 marks)

(b) (i) Name the class of organic compound that could identified using each of the following
reagents:
I. acidified tetraoxomanganate (VII) solution;.
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II. ethanoic acid and conc. Tetraxosulphate (VI) acid;
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III. sodium trioxocarbonate (IV) solution

(ii) State what is observed in each of the tests in 2(b)(i).

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(c) (i) Consider the following reaction equation:

Cl2 (g) + 2NaOH (aq) → NaCIO (aq) + H2O (i)

State the oxidation number of chlorine:

I. Before the reaction:_______________________________________________

II. After the reaction_________________________________________________

(ii) A ring is to gold-plated by electrolysis using Au(NO3)3 solution

I. Write the reaction at the cathode.
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II. Calculate the time required to deposit 0.50g gold on the ring when a current of 0.8 A
is passed through the electrolyte.
{Au = 197, 1F = 96500CJ
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Candidate’s name………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(d) Consider an ion with the symbol X2+ formed from its elemental state.
(i) Which group does X belong in the periodic table?
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(ii) What is the formula of the compound formed from X2+ and a nitride ion?
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(iii) If X is in period 2, identify X.

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3. (a) Explain each of the following observations:

(i) Sodium metal conducts electricity both in the solid and molten states but sodium
Chloride only conducts electricity when molden;
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(b) Give the IUPAC name of each of the following compounds;

(i) CH3 C(CH3)2 OH;

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(ii) C(CH3)4:
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(iii) HCOOCH3.
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(e) Identify the function group in each of the following compounds:
(i) CH3CH2COOCH2CHS; __________________________________________
(II) CH3CH(OH)CH3;_______________________________________________
(III) HCOOH____________________________________________________ {3marks}

(d) When a given mass of CaCO3 was heated, 0.25 dm3 of a gas is collected at 250 C and at a
pressure of 120 kNm-2

(i) Write an equation for the reaction.

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(ii) Calculate the mass of the:

I. Gaseous product obtained;
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II. CaCO3 heated.

III. {C=12.0, O=16.), Ca= 40.0, R=8.314 Jk1 mol1}
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4. (a) Outline the producures for the treatment of water for town supply.
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(b) (i) State two main impurities usually present in bauxite.
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(ii) Give one reason why bauxite is usually preferred as the ore for the extraction of
aluminum
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(iii) Outline the manufacture of alminium from purified bauxite.

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(c) (i) Explain briefly the term chemical industry.

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(ii) State two differences between a fine chemical and a heavy chemical.
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(d) (i) Write a balance chemical equation for the combustion of coal.
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(ii) If 5.4g of coal is burnt completely. Calculate the volume of oxygen measured at s.t.p.
That would be required for the combustion.
{C=12.0, O=16.0, Molar volume of a gas at s.t.p
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(e) name two substances wich can be used as electrodes during the electrolysis of acidified
water.
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5 (a) (i) List two gasous pollutants that can be generated by burning coal.
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(ii) Explain briefly why coal burns more easily when it is broken into pieces than when it is in lumps.
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(iii) What gas is responsible for most of the explosions in coal mines?
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(iv) Name the non-volatile residue left behind after the destructive distillation of coal.
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(b) State one oxide in each case which:
(i) is used in bleaching:
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(ii) oxidizes hot concentrated HCI to chlorine;
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(iii) dissolves in water to give a solution with pH greater than 7;
(iv) reacts with NaOH and also with HCI;
(v) is a reddish- brown gas.
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(C) (i) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between chlorine gas and iron (II)
chloride solution.
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(i) State the type of reaction in 5(c)(i)

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(ii) Give a reason for your answer in 5(c)(ii)
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(d) Consider the following set-up:

(i) Identify A and B.

A:________________________________________________________________
B:________________________________________________________________
(ii) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction.
(iii) _____________________________________________________________________
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(iv) Name the gas produced.
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(v) Why was the flask titled downwards?
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(vi) What is the:
(I) Function of B in the experiment;
_____________________________________________________________ (8 marks)
(II) Method of collection of the gas?
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(e) Give one product obtained from refining petroleum that is solid. {1 mark}
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