Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Atlas Do Desenvolvimento Humano
Atlas Do Desenvolvimento Humano
39 71 101
Greater Vitória MR
109
Preface by Jorge Chediek
According to United Nations data from 1950, It is true that inequality remains a distinguishing intra-metropolitan group and Metropolitan
30% of the people on earth lived in urban factor of the cities. Even in 2010, in most of Region better, as well as the Federal Units and
areas. The number nowadays is over half of the the Brazilian Metropolitan Regions evaluated in the municipalities.
world population and, at current rates, should this publication, there is a difference in the life
The data is solid, derived from the Brazilian
reach 66% by 2050, which is more than 2.5 expectations of people according to whether
Institute of Geography and Statistics (Instituto
billion people living in the same urban areas they live in the best or worst urban areas. If the
Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística – IBGE)
that exist today. variable considered is the percentage of people
together with some of the best research
of age 18 or older who have graduated from
Housing, infrastructure, transportation, as well institutes in the country – Institute of Applied
high school, the differences are also evident
as basic health and education services, are Economic Research (Instituto de Pesquisa
when comparing the better-supplied areas and
some of the challenges that the concentration Econômica Aplicada – Ipea) and the João
those that are not. Inequality repeats itself in
of population imposes on public administration. Pinheiro Foundation (Fundação João Pinheiro –
terms of income, with some areas having a per
FJP). We hope that the contribution of supplying
Measuring and mapping the evolution of the capita income of over R$ 10,000 per month,
the Human Development Atlas with data for
metropolises can contribute to urban planning and others where it does not reach R$ 1,000.
the neighborhoods (bairros) in the Metropolitan
and help identify and prioritize the development
However, more than highlighting the fact Regions aids governments, society and public
of the neediest areas.
that the country yet has a distance to cover management to identify the neediest regions
Advances in the Municipal Human Development in the reduction of inequality in its cities, this within the municipalities. We also hope that
Index (MHDI) show that Brazil has taken the publication, and its accompanying web platform it informs citizens so as to more effectively
right path over the last two decades. In 1991, (www.atlasbrasil.org.br), desires to help in the demand improvements and accompany the
Brazil had a Very Low Human Development establishment of inclusive policies that have the evolution of the metropolises, in an effective
Index. However, in 2010, it has reached a improvement of quality of the life conditions of exercise of transparency and citizenship.
High Human Development Index. Advances the population as their goal.
were also evident in the Brazilian Metropolitan
How? By offering abundant and accessible
Regions (MRs). None of the 16 Metropolitan
information. By opening the door for people,
Regions evaluated in the publication presented
citizens, public managers, students and
a Very Low MHDI in 2010. This was not true in Jorge Chediek
academicians to perform cross evaluations
2000, when there was an abundance of cuts in UNDP Resident Representative in Brazil
and analyses between the more than 200
the lowest human development groups. and UN Coordinator in Brazil
indicators the website offers, to know each
Preface by Sergei Soares
In 2013, when we launched the first version But, Brazil is a country that possesses an Just as we observed in the 2013 Human
of the Brazil Human Development Atlas, we unquestionable metropolitan dimension. Development Atlas, this new version also
delivered a platform of municipal data and the testifies to important advances in the social and
The centrality of metropolitan areas to the
new MHDI calculations to the public. A great economic fields, in all Metropolitan Regions
economic, social and political life of the country
volume of social and economic indicators were participating in the research, in all macro-
has demanded, from all of us, the construction
made available to the Brazilian society to help regions in the country. Brazil is a metropolitan
of a new version of the Atlas that incorporates
researchers, students and public managers to country and the social and economic advances
intra-municipal and intra-metropolitan areas.
better know Brazil and, as such, to better decide are decisively felt in these areas.
This was necessary in order to make available
regarding the direction of public policy in the
the same indicators existent today on the The indicators and indexes published attest
country, especially in the municipal sphere.
municipal scale for the intra-metropolitan scale, to the advances made during the 2000s and
Since the launch of the Atlas in the middle of providing an important tool for management of challenge us, be it to consolidate these advances
2013, the numbers and impact of this project the metropolises of the 16 main Metropolitan or be it to build indicators sensitive to the
have been impressive. There were more than Regions (MRs) in the country. social changes under way, in such a way as to
five million hits on the Atlas website. Many continue perfecting the public policies essential
In the ambit of the Brazil Human Development
reports were given in the media under the to Brazilian development, thereby fulfilling our
Atlas, we have been working on a project
theme of human development in the country institutional mission.
to amplify the platform, incorporating new
and provided municipalities with much evidence
resources, new functions and, more than
of the use of its indicators and the Municipal
that, expanding the possibilities of referential
Human Development Index (MHDI) to shape Sergei Soares
territorial divisions for which social and
public policy, as was the case of the Mais IPEA President
economic indicators are made available as
Médicos (More Doctors), which sought to aid
part of the Atlas. It is this effort to perfect the
municipalities with lowest MHDI performance.
platform and make possible the access to intra-
Therefore, it is a well-received project by the
municipal data that we incorporate in this new
Brazilian society and one that has had positive
version, initially covering the areas of the sixteen
repercussions.
Metropolitan Regions.
Preface by Marilena Chaves
Produce, systematize, analyze and publish We have now dedicated two decades of This analytical refinement allows a greater
statistics that reflect the current state of affairs arduous work to build the solid indicators that clarity of the inter-regional and inter-municipal
of the state is one of the legal responsibilities of allow us to observe, from different angles, disparities, revealing infra-municipal nuances
the João Pinheiro Foundation (Fundação João human development in Brazil over the last that not even the effort of disaggregating the
Pinheiro – FJP), as defined by legislation passed two decades. national territory into municipalities was able to
by the State of Minas Gerais. To fulfill this capture, given the elevated level in inequality in
With the calculation of the HDI, we have
responsibility, the FJP operates in field research the country.
the objective of knowing, more deeply, the
in the exploration of available research and the
characteristics of the population of Brazilian As with the previous, this Atlas is, no doubt, of
systematization of record statistics.
municipalities and, with this, provide a tool great use to managers, professors, researchers
The FJP Human Development Nucleus (Núcleo that allows the perfection of strategies to invest and students. It is also an empowering
de Desenvolvimento Humano), today part of coherently in the future of the country. instrument for a society that is daily more
the Maria Aparecida Arruda Applied Research aware and participative. It also opens paths for
This study provides innumerous opportunities
Center (Centro de Pesquisas Aplicadas (CPA) public managers to recognize the development
for the public managers and social society to
Maria Aparecida Arruda), concentrates its context of the country. It is this recognition
achieve the common interest of organizing a
efforts to stimulate the transformation of that makes it possible to reflect on the roads
sustainable human development agenda for
information into effective analysis and subsidy to be taken.
the present and long-term.
instruments for the formulation and evaluation
of public policy in the most diverse areas. Following the 2013 Brazil Human Development
Atlas and the calculation of the Municipal Marilena Chaves
Surpassing state lines, the partnership of the
Human Development Index (MHDI), published FJP President
João Pinheiro Foundation with the United
last year, the Atlas that we now publish is an
Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and
extension of this work, presenting the same
the Institute of Applied Economics (Ipea) in the
indicators for the intra-municipal level and
calculation of the Human Development Index
covering the 16 Metropolitan Regions (MRs)
(HDI) gives us pride and provides us with a
in Brazil.
profound and continuous learning experience.
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HDI AND MHDI
and basic services, an increase in the level of employment and a reduction of informal labor.
Percentage of people of the age 18 or older who have graduated from elementary school (2010)
The Metropolitan Regions Atlas confirms the rise in Brazilian socioeconomic indicators, which the MRs
HDUs
Lowest value (%) Highest value (%)
first phase of the Project, the Municipality Atlas, revealed. There was a noticeable improvement Belem MR 28,7 92,87
in the levels of human development in the Metropolitan Regions (MRs) analyzed. However, when Belo Horizonte MR 27,08 94,86
Cuiaba River Valley MR 32,13 91,01
the various indicators are considered, it is possible to see significant levels of intra-metropolitan Curitiba MR 21,20 94,75
Ride – The Federal District 31,16 95,83
inequality. Fortaleza MR 29,81 94,79
Goiania MR 31,72 95,63
Manaus MR 22,9 92,88
In extreme cases, within the same Metropolitan Region, we find Human Development Units (HDUs) Natal MR 24,51 91,82
(Unidades de Desenvolvimento Humano – UDHs) – a similar concept to that of a neighborhood – Porto Alegre MR 26,69 95,78
Recife MR 22,91 95,59
with a monthly per capita income of more than R$ 7,000, while in other HDUs this level does Rio de Janeiro MR 35,77 95,71
Salvador MR 34,47 95,24
not reach R$ 200. Greater São Luís MR 37,94 94,93
São Paulo MR 37,9 94,15
One shocking difference shows that, in the same Metropolitan Region, the income of people Greater Vitória MR 35,77 96,82
living in the higher income HDU is 35 times greater than that of those living in the poorest HDU. Average monthly per capital income (2010)
HDUs
Life expectancy at birth varies, on average, 12 years within the Metropolitan Regions. If all HDUs MRs
Lowest value (R$) Highest value (R$)
of the 16 Metropolitan Regions analyzed are considered (more than 9 thousand), the best data is Belem MR 246,32 4.342,04
Belo Horizonte MR 352,34 7.516,82
that of 82 years, while the lowest is 67. There is a 15-year difference in terms of life expectancy at Cuiaba River Valley MR 335,56 4.207,97
birth. It is no different in the dimension of education, as in the case of adult population education. Curitiba MR 277,33 4.645,6
Ride – The Federal District 326,91 7.713,42
In the HDUs with the best performance among the 16 Metropolitan Regions, the percentage of Fortaleza MR 187,4 4.958,86
Goiania MR 387,06 6.361,16
people over 18 having completed elementary school varied between 91% and 96%, while in the Manaus MR 169,1 7.893,75
lowest performance HDUs, the variation is between 21% and 37%. Natal MR 203,47 4.119,01
Porto Alegre MR 374,26 7.216,42
Recife MR 218,78 7.669,31
By taking a closer look at metropolitan evolution in the last decade, one can better understand Rio de Janeiro MR 331,47 8.603,78
Salvador MR 259,17 5.656,14
the direction that needs to be taken and to consider long-term strategies for human development Greater São Luís MR 209,27 4.757,9
São Paulo MR 351,85 13.802,96
within the country. The intra-municipality data can be allied to this planning and can contribute Greater Vitória MR 343,01 6.889,45
to identify the areas where inclusive public policies can find ample room for implementation. Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
11
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ATLAS IN THE BRAZILIAN METROPOLITAN AREAS
As such, human development should be centered on The popularization of the human Environment Health
people and the increase of their welfare, understood not as development approach came with
the accumulation of wealth or an increase in income, but as the the creation and adoption of the
broadening of their scope of choices and the liberty to choose. Within HDI as the measure of the degree of THREE DIMENSIONS
this approach, income and wealth are not ends in themselves, but means for people to live the human development in a country,
life they desire. an alternative to the Gross Domestic
The economic growth of a society does not automatically translate into quality of life. Many times Product (GDP), used up to that time as
what can be seen is a strengthening of inequality. It is necessary that this growth be transformed the measure of development.
into concrete conquests for people: healthier children, universal quality education, increase in
The HDI combines three of the most Long and healthy life Access to knowledge Standard of living
political participation by the population, environmental preservation, balance of income and
equal opportunities for all, greater freedom of expression and more. As such, by placing people important requisites for the expansion
at the center of the welfare analysis, the human development approach redefines the way we of personal liberty: the opportunity to live a long, healthy life – health; the access to knowledge
think and deal with development – local, national and international. – education; and the ability to enjoy a respectable standard of living – income.
If the abilities of people are restricted, so will be their opportunities. If a Brazilian young person The HDI caused great repercussions worldwide due mainly to its simplicity, ease of understanding
has little access to the educational system, they cease to learn to read and write, participate less and by the holistic and comprehensive way it measured development.
in the decision processes surrounding them, know less regarding their reality, have fewer job
opportunities and demand less of their rights. Their list of choices is limited and, consequently, Transforming the complexity of the three important dimensions into one number, the HDI became
their abilities cannot be fully exercised. In the same way, if a Brazilian young person gets sick a means to understand and stimulate ample discussion and consideration of the meaning of
and does not receive adequate treatment, their ability to study or work can be impacted, or their human development to society.
life expectancy and the things they could be and do could even be limited. This is why it is so
important to look at the citizen as a whole.
12
The Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI)
The three dimensions of the HDI In 2012, UNDP Brazil, Ipea and the João Pinheiro Foundation assumed the challenge to adapt
In its classic formulation, the HDI is composed of three indicators that represent the opportunity the Global HDI methodology to calculate the Municipal HDI (MHDI) for the 5,565 Brazilian
for society to live long, healthy lives, have access to knowledge and possess control over their municipalities. This calculation was performed based on information from the last three IBGE
resources in such a way as to guarantee a respectable standard of living. By means of the first Demographic Census – 1991, 2000 and 2010, according to the municipal mesh existent in
2010. This last requirement demanded, for intertemporal comparability, the detailed work of
two dimensions, the achievement of well-being is evaluated as a standard of living that is the
harmonizing the municipal meshes from 1991 and 2000 to that of 2010. After the MHDI of
result of the free and informed choices based on accumulated abilities and knowledge. The
the Brazilian municipalities, the three institutions assumed the new challenge of calculating the
control of resources shows if the process occurred without the privation of basic needs, such as
MHDI at the intra-municipal level for the Metropolitan Regions in the country, this time for the
water, food and shelter.
Human Development Units (HDU) (Unidades de Desenvolvimento Humano – UDH).
The Brazilian MHDI considers the same three dimensions of the Global HDI – longevity, education
and income – but goes beyond: it adapts the global methodology to the Brazilian context and the
availability of national indicators. Even though it measures the same phenomenon, the indicators
Long and Healthy Life (longevity) Access to knowledge (education) Standard of living taken into account in the MHDI are more adequate to evaluate the development of Brazilian
Having a long, healthy life is Access to knowledge is a critical Income is essential for access to basic municipalities and metropolitan regions.
fundamental to having a full life. determinant for well-being and needs, such as water, food and shelter,
Promoting human development is essential for the exercise of as well as being able to transcend As such, the MHDI – including its three components, MHDI longevity, MHDI education and MHDI
requires increased opportunities individual liberties, autonomy these needs in direction of a life of income – tells a little about the story of the municipalities, states and Metropolitan Regions in
for people to avoid premature and self-esteem. Education is genuine choices and the exercise of three important human development dimensions during the last two decades of Brazilian history.
death, that they be guaranteed fundamental to expand the abilities liberty. Income is the means for a
a healthy environment, with of people so they can decide their series of ends, allows for available The Brazil Human Development Atlas also makes available, beyond these indexes, more than 200
access to quality health so as to future. Education builds confidence, alternatives and its absence can limit
socioeconomic indicators that better qualify and amplify the analysis of human development in
attain the highest standard of confers dignity and broadens opportunities in life. In education, it is
physical and emotional health horizons and life perspectives. a combination of two variables – the municipalities and Metropolitan Regions of the country.
possible. In health, the variable With income, the variable is the average years of study for the
is life expectancy at birth. per capita Gross National Income. population of 25 years and older and
years expected to be able to study. Global HDI
In the 2014 Human Development Report, UNDP presented the HDI for 187 countries and territories.
The methodology applied in 2014 for the Global HDI considers four variables:
13
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ATLAS IN THE BRAZILIAN METROPOLITAN AREAS
MHDI Categories
0 0,499 | 0,500 0,599 | 0,600 0,699 | 0,700 0,799 | 0,800 1
Very low Low Medium High Very high Life expectancy Educational Educational Income
at birth level of adult flow of per capita Even though inspired by the Global
population young people
Human Development Index, the MHDI
History of the MHDI possesses adjustments to better address
In 1998, Brazil was one of the pioneer countries to adapt and calculate the subnational HDI Brazilian reality, adapting itself to the
for all Brazilian municipalities, based on data from the Demographic Census, creating the census databases and characteristics
Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI). In 2003, a new edition brought a historical series innate to the country. As such, no type of
from 1991 to 2000 for the entire country. GEOMETRIC MEAN comparison between the MHDI of a state,
Cube root of the multiplication of
the 2 sub-indices of weights 1 and 2
Metropolitan Region or municipality and
The MHDI was amply promoted and used by managers, decision makers, policy makers and a country is possible, for example.
developers of initiatives directed toward human development, both in the private and public
sectors. The index is today a national reference for the Brazilian society. It is one of the The construction of the methodology
greatest success stories in the world in the application and dissemination of the HDI at the for the MHDI had as its objective
subnational level. MHDI MHDI MHDI
the adaptation of the Global HDI
Longevity Education Income methodology to:
14
Long and Healthy Life Access to Knowledge Standard of living
Life expectancy is measured, Give a weight of 1 to the educational level of the This is measured by the
calculated per indirect method, adult population, measured by the percentage of per capita income, in other
based on data from the people 18 years and older who have completed words, by the average
demographic census performed grade school. Assign a weight of 2 to the income of residents in that
by the Brazilian Institute of adjustment of educational flow of the younger locality. It is the sum of
Geography and Statistics (IBGE). population, with a mathematical average of the the income of all residents,
This indicator shows the average percentage of children of 5 and 6 attending divided by the number of
life expectancy of a person born school, the percentage of youth from 11 to 13 residents, including those
in a given location, maintaining in the final years of grade school, the percentage with no registered income.
the same standards of mortality. of youth between 15 and 17 with grade school Data is taken from the IBGE
complete and the percentage of youth between demographic census.
18 and 20 with secondary education complete.
The geometric average of these two components
results in the Education MHDI. Data is taken
from the IBGE demographic census.
15
RORAIMA
AMAPÁ
AMAZONAS
PA R Á MARANHÃO
CEARÁ
RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE
PA R A Í B A
ACRE
ALAGOAS
TOCANTIN S
RONDÔNIA SERGIPE
BAHIA
M AT O G R O S S O
DF
GOIÁS
MINAS GERAIS
ESPÍRI TO
M AT O G R O S S O
SANTO
DO SUL
SÃ O PAUL O
RIO DE
JANEIRO
PA R A N Á
S A N TA C ATA R I N A
RIO GRANDE
DO SUL
Belem
Metropolitan Region
2000
Population: 1,973,259 (31.9% of the total
for the state)
GDP: R$ 6.4 billion (42.3% of the total for
the state)
Population density: 553.38 inhabit. /km²
MHDI: 0.621
Education MHDI: 0.474
Longevity MHDI: 0.752
Income MHDI: 0.672
The MHDI in
the Belem
Metropolitan SANTA BÁRBARA DO PARÁ
Region CASTANHAL
ANANINDEUA
BELÉM BENEVIDES
MARITUBA
MHDI
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
No information about the HDU
18
2010
Population: 2.275.032 (30% of the total
for the state)
GDP: R$ 17,9 billion (31,7% of the total for
the state)
Population density: 638,01 inhabit. /km²
MHDI: 0,729
Education MHDI: 0,656
Longevity MHDI: 0,817
Income MHDI: 0,722
The MHDI in
the Belem
SANTA BÁRBARA DO PARÁ
Metropolitan
CASTANHAL
Region
ANANINDEUA
BELÉM BENEVIDES
MARITUBA
MHDI
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
No information about the HDU
19
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ATLAS IN THE BRAZILIAN METROPOLITAN AREAS
In 2000, the Belem MR presented a MHDI of 0.621 and was situated in the Medium Human 21% 23%
31%
Development range. However, in 2010 the MR presented a MHDI of 0.729, moving up to the 22%
38%
35%
High Human Development range.
15% 11%
4%
The Education MHDI, in 2000, was 0.474 and increased to 0.656 in 2010. The Longevity
Very low Low Medium High Very high
MHDI was 0.752 and in 2010 it corresponded to 0.817. The Income MHDI was 0.672 and
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
increased to 0.722.
Graph 2 shows that between 2000 and 2010 there is a concentration of HDUs in the highest
Between 2000 and 2010 the dimension that evolved most, in absolute terms, was the
human development ranges, with a reduction in the interval of results found between the
Education dimension, which registered an increase of 0.182. Below is the contribution of the
HDUs that presented elevated levels and the HDUs that presented the lowest indexes.
different dimensions for the MHDI in 2000 and 2010.
Graph 3 presents the distribution of results of the MHDI in the Belem MR for 2000 and 2010.
Graph 1: contribution of the components to the 2000/2010 MHDI
The attenuation of the distribution curve in 2010 in relation to the curve in 2000 gives evidence
2000 2010
of the retraction of inequality between its HDUs in the period.
0,900
0,800
0,700
MHDI
37%
0,600
40%
0,500
0,400
Longevity Education Income 0,300
0 50 100 150 200 250
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014. HDU
2000 2010
20
The Highest and Lowest MHDIs In relation to the variation of these indexes, Graph 5 presents the distribution and
concentration of the data for the nucleus-municipality of the Belem MR and other metropolitan
Analyzing the distribution of MHDI results from 2000 in the Belem MR, one can note that a
municipalities identified on the graph as vicinities.
large part of the HDUs with higher MHDI values is situated in the central areas of the MR urban
nuclei, while the largest part of HDUs with lower MHDI values is located in the eastern and Graph 5: box plot of the 2000/2010 MHDI in the HDUs
western portions of the Metropolitan Region. The HDUs that correspond to the lower human
2000 2010
development ranges are concentrated in the municipalities of Santa Isabel do Pará, Marituba 1,00
and Castanhal, besides the capital, Belem. 0,90
0,80
In considering the 2010 MHDI, one sees the same standard of concentration as in 2000 for the
0,70
HDUs with higher MHDI values. The lowest MHDI values are concentrated in HDUs located on
MHDI
the outskirts of the Belem MR, concentrating in the municipalities of Belem and Castanhal. 0,60
0,50
In considering Graph 4, one can see the dynamic of the MHDI values for the Belem MR. In the 0,40
period between 2000 and 2010 there was a reduction in the number of HDUs with a Low or 0,30
Very Low MHDI. On the other hand, it can be noted that there was an increase in the number Vicinities Belem Vicinities Belem
of HDUs with a High or Very High MHDI. The graph suggests that the HDU performance in the Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
Belem MR improved during that period.
In the case of the nucleus-municipality, in 2000 the MHDI varied between 0.460 and 0.899,
Graph 4: histogram of the frequency of the 2000/2010 human development ranges when half of the HDUs possessed a MHDI between 0.558 and 0.759. In 2010, the MHDI varied
120 between 0.573 and 0.947 , in other words, amplitude was smaller than in 2000, and half of
the HDUs presented indexes between 0.683 and 0.881. There was, thus, a reduction in the
100
total data amplitude, associated with an increase in the MHDI.
80
Frequency
60 In the case of the remaining municipalities, in 2000 half of the HDUs had a MHDI between
0.513 and 0.666. In 2010, this interval was between 0.635 and 0.792. In these municipalities,
40
in 2000 the MHDI varied between 0.400 and 0.790, while in 2010 it varied between 0.542 and
20
0.885. One can note, in this case, a reduction in the total amplitude of the data, associated
0 with an increase of the MHDI of the HDUs in the period.
Very low Low Medium High Very high
MHDI – Human Development Ranges The greatest advance (absolute growth) among the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities
2000 2010
occurred in the Jaderlândia: Rouxinol (Castanhal/PA) HDU, with amplitude of 0.213, while for
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014. the nucleus-municipality, the Parque Guajará: Tocantins HDU presented the greatest growth
with an increase of 0.163. The average MHDI values verified in the capital presented an
evolution of 0.116. Even though beginning with a lower standard in 2000 the average for
Inequality in the Belem MR
the vicinities presented greater evolution than that verified for the nucleus-municipality, equal
In analyzing the level of MHDI inequality between the HDUs in the Belem MR, in absolute to 0.139. The amplitude for the set of HDUs reduced less in the HDUs of the surrounding
terms, one can see the difference between the lowest and highest MHDI. In 2000 it was municipalities than among the HDUs for the metropolitan nucleus-municipality.
0.499, which fell to 0.405 in 2010.
21
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ATLAS IN THE BRAZILIAN METROPOLITAN AREAS
Map of Quintiles (2010) Highest and Lowest MHDI in the Belem MR (2010)
HDUs with highest MHDI Batista Campos: Tv. Padre Eutíquio (Praça Batista
0,907
Campos)
HDU MHDI Marco: Edifício Torre de Arua / Edifício San Diego / Tv.
0,907
Batista Campos: Tv. Padre Eutíquio (Praça Batista Timbó
0,947
Campos) Nazaré: Av. Governador Magalhães Barata 0,907
Marco: Edifício Torre de Arua / Edifício San Diego / Tv.
0,947 Parque Verde: Condomínio Greenville II / Condomínio
Timbó 0,907
Boulevard Montenegro
MHDI Nazaré: Av. Governador Magalhães Barata 0,947
Reduto: Rua Tiradentes / Tv. Benjamim Constant 0,907
1st Quintile • 0,000 - 0,638 Parque Verde: Condomínio Greenville II / Condomínio
0,947 HDUs with lowest Education MHDI
Boulevard Montenegro
2nd Quintile • 0,639 - 0,695
Reduto: Rua Tiradentes / Tv. Benjamim Constant 0,947 HDU MHDI-E
3rd Quintile • 0,696 - 0,758
HDUs with lowest MHDI Setor Rural (Agrovilas) 0,404
4th Quintile • 0,759 - 0,828 HDUs with highest Income MHDI
HDU MHDI
5th Quintile • 0,829 - 1,000 HDU MHDI-R
Águas Lindas: Jardim Nova Vida 0,573
Batista Campos: Tv. Padre Eutíquio (Praça Batista
Brasília 0,573 1,000
Campos)
Condor: (Canal da 3 de Maio) 0,573 Marco: Edifício Torre de Arua / Edifício San Diego / Tv.
1,000
Timbó
Cotijuba: Vila 0,573
Nazaré: Av. Governador Magalhães Barata 1,000
Mosqueiro: Área Rural 0,573 Parque Verde: Condomínio Greenville II / Condomínio
The quintiles refer to the pooling of data in five equal parts, Boulevard Montenegro
1,000
Outeiro: Área Rural 0,573
so that each sampling comprises 20% of the data. Reduto: Rua Tiradentes / Tv. Benjamim Constant 1,000
Jaderlândia: Rua Dr. Laureno Francisco Alves de Melo 0,570
HDUs with highest Income MHDI
Santa Catarina / Jaderlândia / Salgadinho: Rua Santa
0,570 HDU MHDI-R
Catarina
Setor Rural (Agrovilas) 0,542 Setor Rural (Agrovilas) 0,551
22
RORAIMA
AMAPÁ
AMAZONAS
PA R Á MARANHÃO
CEARÁ
RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE
PA R A Í B A
ACRE
ALAGOAS
TOCANTIN S
RONDÔNIA SERGIPE
BAHIA
M AT O G R O S S O
DF
GOIÁS
MINAS GERAIS
ESPÍRI TO
M AT O G R O S S O
SANTO
DO SUL
SÃ O PAUL O
RIO DE
JANEIRO
PA R A N Á
S A N TA C ATA R I N A
RIO GRANDE
DO SUL
Belo Horizonte
Metropolitan Region
2000
Population: 4.357.942 (24,3% of the total
for the state)
GDP: R$ 33,713 billion (31,7% of the total
for the state)
Population density: 460,06 inhabit. /km²
BALDIM
MHDI: 0,682
Education MHDI: 0,549
Longevity MHDI: 0,784
Income MHDI: 0,737 JABOTICATUBAS
CAPIM BRANCO
Metropolitan
NOVA UNIÃO
SÃO JOSÉ
DA LAPA
ESMERALDAS
VESPASIANO SANTA LUZIA
FLORESTAL CAETÉ
CONTAGEM
BELO SABARÁ
HORIZONTE
BETIM
JUATUBA
RAPOSOS
MATEUS LEME
IBIRITÉ
IGARAPÉ SÃO JOAQUIM SARZEDO
DE BICAS MÁRIO NOVA LIMA
CAMPOS
RIO ACIMA
BRUMADINHO
MHDI
ITATIAIUÇU
Very High
High RIO MANSO
Medium
Low
ITAGUARA
Very Low
No information about the HDU
24
2010
Population: 4.883.970 (24,9% of the total
for the state)
GDP: R$ 120,833 billion (34,4% of the
total for the state)
BALDIM
Population density: 515,59 inhabit. /km²
MHDI: 0,774
Education MHDI: 0,694
Longevity MHDI: 0,849
JABOTICATUBAS
Income MHDI: 0,788
MATOZINHOS
CAPIM BRANCO
The MHDI in the
PEDRO
LEOPOLDO CONFINS
LAGOA SANTA
TAQUARAÇU
DE MINAS
Belo Horizonte
Metropolitan
NOVA UNIÃO
SÃO JOSÉ
DA LAPA
ESMERALDAS
VESPASIANO SANTA LUZIA
Region
RIBEIRÃO DAS NEVES
FLORESTAL CAETÉ
CONTAGEM
BELO SABARÁ
HORIZONTE
BETIM
JUATUBA
RAPOSOS
MATEUS LEME
IBIRITÉ
IGARAPÉ SÃO JOAQUIM SARZEDO
DE BICAS MÁRIO NOVA LIMA
CAMPOS
RIO ACIMA
BRUMADINHO
ITATIAIUÇU
MHDI
Very High
RIO MANSO
High
Medium
Low
ITAGUARA
Very Low
No information about the HDU
25
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ATLAS IN THE BRAZILIAN METROPOLITAN AREAS
In 2000, the Belo Horizonte MR presented a MHDI of 0.682 and was situated in the Medium 33% 32%
43%
Human Development range. However, in 2010 the MR presented a MHDI of 0.774, moving up 38%
16%
24%
to the High Human Development range.
6% 8%
1%
The Education MHDI, in 2000, was 0.549 and increased to 0.694 in 2010. The Longevity
Very low Low Medium High Very high
MHDI was 0.784 and in 2010 it corresponded to 0.849. The Income MHDI was 0.737 and
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
increased to 0.788.
Graph 2 shows that between 2000 and 2010 there is a concentration of HDUs in the highest
Between 2000 and 2010 the dimension that evolved most, in absolute terms, was the
human development ranges, with a reduction in the interval of results found between the HDUs that
Education dimension, which registered an increase of 0.145. Below is the contribution of the
presented elevated levels and the HDUs that presented the lowest indexes.
different dimensions for the MHDI in 2000 and 2010.
Graph 3 presents the distribution of results of the MHDI in the Belo Horizonte MR for 2000 and 2010.
Graph 1: contribution of the components to the 2000/2010 MHDI
The attenuation of the distribution curve in 2010 in relation to the curve in 2000 gives evidence of the
2000 2010
retraction of inequality between its HDUs in the period.
0,800
0,700
MHDI
36% 0,600
38%
0,500
0,400
Longevity Education Income 0,300
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014. HDU
2000 2010
26
The Highest and Lowest MHDIs In relation to the variation of these indexes, Graph 5 presents the distribution and
concentration of the data for the nucleus-municipality of the Belo Horizonte MR and other
Analyzing the distribution of MHDI results from 2000 in the Belo Horizonte MR, one can note
metropolitan municipalities identified on the graph as vicinities.
that a large part of the HDUs with higher MHDI values is situated in the central areas of the MR
urban nuclei, while the largest part of HDUs with lower MHDI values is located in the vicinities Graph 5: box plot of the 2000/2010 MHDI in the HDUs
of the Metropolitan Region. The HDUs corresponding to the lowest Human Development
2000 2010
ranges are in the municipalities of Esmeraldas, Santa Luiza and Caeté. 1,00
0,90
In relation to the 2010 MHDI one can observe that the HDUs with highest MHDI value expand
0,80
southwards and to the middle-west area of the Metropolitan Region. The lowest MHDI values,
0,70
in turn, are found in the HDUs located in the vicinities of the Belo Horizonte MR, concentrated
MHDI
0,60
in the municipality of Santa Luzia.
0,50
In considering Graph 4, one can see the dynamic of the MHDI values for the Belo Horizonte 0,40
MR. In the period between 2000 and 2010 there was a reduction in the number of HDUs 0,30
with a Low or Very Low MHDI. On the other hand, it can be noted that there was an increase Vicinities Belo Horizonte Vicinities Belo Horizonte
in the number of HDUs with a High or Very High MHDI. The graph suggests that the HDU Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
performance in the Belo Horizonte MR improved during that period.
In the case of the nucleus-municipality, in 2000 the MHDI varied between 0.494 and 0.922,
Graph 4: histogram of the frequency of the 2000/2010 human development ranges when half of the HDUs possessed a MHDI between 0.581 and 0.736. In 2010, the MHDI varied
120
between 0.617 and 0.955, in other words, amplitude was smaller than in 2000, and half of the
HDUs presented indexes between 0.676 and 0.814. There was, thus, a reduction in the total
100
data amplitude, associated with an increase in the MHDI.
80
In the case of the remaining municipalities, in 2000 half of the HDUs had a MHDI between
Frequency
60
0.534 and 0.675. In 2010, this interval was between 0.659 and 0.775. In these municipalities,
40
in 2000 the MHDI varied between 0.462 and 0.913, while in 2010 it varied between 0.597 and
20
0.951. One can note, in this case, a reduction in the total amplitude of the data, associated
0 with an increase of the MHDI of the HDUs in the period.
Very low Low Medium High Very high
MHDI – Human Development Ranges The greatest advance (absolute growth) among the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities
2000 2010
occurred in the Laranjeiras Especial HDU (Betim/MG) with amplitude of 0.206 while to the
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014. nucleus-municipality the Maria Tereza / Monte Azul HDU presented the greatest growth with
an increase of 0.171. The average MHDI values verified in the capital presented an evolution
of 0.094. Even though beginning with a lower standard in 2000, the average for the vicinities
Inequality in the Belo Horizonte MR
presented greater evolution than that verified for the nucleus-municipality, equal to 0.104.
In analyzing the level of MHDI inequality between the HDUs in the Belo Horizonte MR, in The amplitude for the set of HDUs reduced more in the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities
absolute terms, one can see the difference between the lowest and highest MHDI. In 2000 it than among the HDUs for the metropolitan nucleus-municipality.
was 0.460, which fell to 0.358 in 2010.
27
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ATLAS IN THE BRAZILIAN METROPOLITAN AREAS
Map of Quintiles (2010) Highest and Lowest MHDI in the Belo Horizonte RM (2010)
3rd Quintile • 0,692 - 0,746 Club Retiro das Pedras: Retiro das Pedras 0,951 Ribeirão das Neves: Jardim Colonial 0,469
Condomínio Alphaville 0,951 Vila Bom Jesus / Bairro Florença: Área Especial 0,469
4th Quintile • 0,747 - 0,821
Cruzeiro / Comiteco 0,951 Vila Braúnas: Urca / Vale das Cerejeiras Especial 0,469
5th Quintile • 0,822 - 1,000
JABOTICATUBAS Mangabeiras / Parque das Mangabeiras 0,951 Vila Hortinha: Entorno da Penitenciária Jovem 0,469
Morro do Chapéu 0,951 Vila Hortinha: Espinheiro / Expansão de Menezes 0,469
MATOZINHOS Piedade do Paraopeba: Retiro do Chalé 0,951 Vila Hortinha: Penitenciária Dutra Ladeira / Entorno Rural 0,469
CAPIM BRANCO
Serra do Curral: Serra Del Rey / Expansão da Zona Sul 0,951 HDUs with highest Income MHDI
HDUs with lowest MHDI HDU MHDI-R
TAQUARAÇU
PEDRO
CONFINS
DE MINAS HDU MHDI Belvedere 1,000
LEOPOLDO
LAGOA SANTA
SÃO JOSÉ
NOVA UNIÃO Vila Baronesa / Av. Oceania: Vila das Acácias 0,597 Carmo / Sion 1,000
DA LAPA
ESMERALDAS
Vila Bom Destino: Loteamento Bom Destino 0,597 Cidade Jardim / Santa Lúcia / São Bento 1,000
VESPASIANO SANTA LUZIA
Vila das Antenas: Conjunto Palmital / Av. João Batista Club Retiro das Pedras: Retiro das Pedras 1,000
RIBEIRÃO DAS NEVES 0,597
Lima / Av. Inácio de Loiola Oliveira
Condomínio Alphaville 1,000
Vila Ferraz: Vila dos Dragões 0,597
Cruzeiro / Comiteco 1,000
FLORESTAL CAETÉ Vila Ferraz: Zona Rural de Santa Luzia / Angu Duro 0,597
CONTAGEM
BELO SABARÁ
Mangabeiras / Parque das Mangabeiras 1,000
HORIZONTE Vila Morro Alto: São Cosme 0,597
Morro do Chapéu 1,000
JUATUBA
BETIM
Vila Nova Esperança: Caldeirão / Nova Conquista 0,597
Piedade do Paraopeba: Retiro do Chalé 1,000
RAPOSOS
Vila Serra Pelada / Rua Líbano: Vila Baronesal 0,597
Santo Agostinho / Lourdes 1,000
MATEUS LEME
HDUs with highest Longevity MHDI
IGARAPÉ SÃO JOAQUIM
IBIRITÉ Santo Antônio / São Pedro 1,000
SARZEDO
DE BICAS MÁRIO NOVA LIMA HDU MHDI-L
CAMPOS
Savassi : Boa Viagem / Funcionários 1,000
RIO ACIMA
Belvedere 0,951
Serra do Curral: Serra Del Rey / Expansão da Zona Sul 1,000
Club Retiro das Pedras: Retiro das Pedras 0,951
BRUMADINHO
UDHs com menor IDHM Renda
Condomínio Alphaville 0,951
ITATIAIUÇU HDU MHDI-R
Mangabeiras / Parque das Mangabeiras 0,951
Vila Baronesa / Av. Oceania: Vila das Acácias 0,608
RIO MANSO
Morro do Chapéu 0,951
Vila Bom Destino: Loteamento Bom Destino 0,608
Piedade do Paraopeba: Retiro do Chalé 0,951
Vila das Antenas: Conjunto Palmital / Av. João Batista
0, 608
Serra do Curral: Serra Del Rey / Expansão da Zona Sul 0,951 Lima / Av. Inácio de Loiola Oliveira
ITAGUARA
HDUs with lowest Longevity MHDI Vila Ferraz: Vila dos Dragões 0, 608
HDU MHDI-L Vila Ferraz: Zona Rural de Santa Luzia / Angu Duro 0, 608
Vila Baronesa / Av. Oceania: Vila das Acácias 0,736 Vila Morro Alto: São Cosme 0, 608
Vila Bom Destino: Loteamento Bom Destino 0,736 Vila Nova Esperança: Caldeirão / Nova Conquista 0, 608
Vila das Antenas: Conjunto Palmital / Av. João Batista Vila Serra Pelada / Rua Líbano: Vila Baronesal 0, 608
0,736
Lima / Av. Inácio de Loiola Oliveira
Vila Ferraz: Vila dos Dragões 0,736
Vila Ferraz: Zona Rural de Santa Luzia / Angu Duro 0,736
The quintiles refer to the pooling of data in five equal parts, Vila Morro Alto: São Cosme 0,736
Vila Nova Esperança: Caldeirão / Nova Conquista 0,736
so that each sampling comprises 20% of the data.
Vila Serra Pelada / Rua Líbano: Vila Baronesal 0,736
28
RORAIMA
AMAPÁ
AMAZONAS
PA R Á MARANHÃO
CEARÁ
RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE
PA R A Í B A
ACRE
ALAGOAS
TOCANTIN S
RONDÔNIA SERGIPE
BAHIA
M AT O G R O S S O
DF
GOIÁS
MINAS GERAIS
ESPÍRI TO
M AT O G R O S S O
SANTO
DO SUL
SÃ O PAUL O
RIO DE
JANEIRO
PA R A N Á
S A N TA C ATA R I N A
RIO GRANDE
DO SUL
MHDI
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
No information about the HDU
30
2010
Population: 833.766 (27,5% of the total
for the state)
GDP: R$ 14,8 billion (24,8% of the total for
the state)
Population density: 38,7 inhabit. /km²
CUIABÁ MHDI: 0,767
Education MHDI: 0,700
VÁRZEA GRANDE
Longevity MHDI: 0,834
Income MHDI: 0,773
MHDI
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
No information about the HDU
31
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ATLAS IN THE BRAZILIAN METROPOLITAN AREAS
Cuiaba River Valley MR Evolution of the MHDI in the Cuiaba River Valley MR
Created in 1973 by State Complementary Law Nº 359/09, the Cuiaba River Valley Metropolitan In 2000, 15% of the Human Development Units (HDUs) in the Cuiaba River Valley MR were in
Region (MR) is composed of four municipalities and covers an area of 21,545 km². the Very High Human Development range, while 24% were in the High Human Development
range. In 2010 these proportions corresponded, respectively, to 36% and 36%. In that same
In 2010, the Cuiaba River Valley MR had a degree of urbanization of 96%. Nearly 27% of the
period the percentage of HDUs in the Low and Very Low Human Development ranges fell
state population resided in the MR. In 2010, the MR nucleus-municipality, Cuiaba, answered
from 27% and 6%, respectively, to 0% in both cases and there was no HDU in those ranges
for 66% of the metropolitan population. The rate of population growth for the Cuiaba River
in 2010, as shown in Graph 2.
Valley MR between 2000 and 2010 was 1.39% per year.
Graph 2: distribution of the HDUs according to the 2000/2010 MHDI range
In 2000, the Cuiaba River Valley Metropolitan Region (MR) presented a MHDI of 0.668 and was
28% 36%
situated in the Medium Human Development range. However, in 2010 the MR presented a 24%
MHDI of 0.767, moving up to the High Human Development range. 27% 36%
28%
15%
The Education MHDI, in 2000, was 0.533 and increased to 0.700 in 2010. The Longevity 6%
MHDI was 0.766 and in 2010 it corresponded to 0.834. The Income MHDI was 0.729 and Very low Low Medium High Very high
Between 2000 and 2010 the dimension that evolved most, in absolute terms, was the Graph 2 shows that between 2000 and 2010 there is a concentration of HDUs in the highest Human
Education dimension, which registered an increase of 0,167. Below is the contribution of the Development ranges, with a reduction in the interval of results found between the HDUs that
different dimensions for the MHDI in 2000 and 2010. presented elevated levels and the HDUs that presented the lowest indexes.
Graph 1: contribution of the components to the 2000/2010 MHDI Graph 3 presents the distribution of results of the MHDI in the Cuiaba River Valley MR for 2000 and
2000 2010 2010. The attenuation of the distribution curve in 2010 in relation to the curve in 2000 gives evidence
of the retraction of inequality between its HDUs in the period.
26%
30% Graph 3: 2000/2010 MHDI distribution
36% 34%
1,000
0,900
0,800
MHDI
0,600
0,500
0,300
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
HDU
2000 2010
32
The Highest and Lowest MHDIs In relation to the variation of these indexes, Graph 5 presents the distribution and
concentration of the data for the nucleus-municipality of the MR, Cuiaba, and other
Analyzing the distribution of MHDI results from 2000 in the Cuiaba River Valley MR, one can
metropolitan municipalities identified on the graph as the vicinities.
note that a large part of the HDUs with higher MHDI values is situated in the urban nuclei,
while the largest part of HDUs with lower MHDI values is spread all over the Metropolitan Graph 5: box plot of the 2000/2010 MHDI in the HDUs
Region. The HDUs correspondent to the lowest human development ranges are in the 2000 2010
municipality of Nossa Senhora do Livramento. 1,00
0,90
In relation to the 2010 MHDI one can observe that the HDUs with highest MHDI value are in
0,80
the nucleus-municipality of the MR. On the other hand, the lowest MHDI values are in the
0,70
MHDI
HDUs in the vicinities of the Cuiaba River Valley MR, spread all over the MR municipalities.
0,60
In considering Graph 4, one can see the dynamic of the MHDI values for the Cuiaba River 0,50
Valley MR. In the period between 2000 and 2010 there was a reduction in the number of HDUs 0,40
with a Low or Very Low MHDI. On the other hand, it can be noted that there was an increase 0,30
Vicinities Cuiabá Vicinities Cuiabá
in the number of HDUs with a High or Very High MHDI. The graph suggests that the HDU
performance in the Cuiaba River Valley MR improved during that period. Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
Graph 4: histogram of the frequency of the 2000/2010 human development ranges In the case of the nucleus-municipality, in 2000 the MHDI varied between 0.485 and 0.895,
when half of the HDUs possessed a MHDI between 0.625 and 0.781. In 2010, the MHDI varied
60
between 0.622 and 0.947, in other words, amplitude was smaller than in 2000, and half of the
50
HDUs presented indexes between 0.723 and 0.858. There was, thus, a reduction in the total
40
data amplitude, associated with an increase in the MHDI.
Frequency
30
In the case of the remaining municipalities, in 2000 half of the HDUs had a MHDI between
20
0.555 and 0.660. In 2010, this interval was between 0.658 and 0.767. In these municipalities,
10
in 2000 the MHDI varied between 0.464 and 0.765, while in 2010 it varied between 0.638 and
0 0.858. One can note, in this case, a reduction in the total amplitude of the data, associated
Very low Low Medium High Very high
with an increase of the MHDI of the HDUs in the period.
MHDI – Human Development Ranges
2000 2010 The greatest advance (absolute growth) among the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014. occurred in the Parque São João and São Gonçalo / Beira Rio Cuiaba / Vg (Várzea Grande/
MT) HDUs with amplitude of 0.189 while to the nucleus-municipality the Jardim Vitória
and Altos da Serra I / COHAB Nova / Dr. Fabio Leite / Jardim Santa Amália / Residencial Lagoa
Inequality in the Cuiaba River Valley MR Azul HDUs presented the greatest growth with an increase of 0.179. The average MHDI
In analyzing the level of MHDI inequality between the HDUs in the Cuiaba River Valley MR, in values verified in the capital presented an evolution of 0.101. Even though beginning with
absolute terms, one can see the difference between the lowest and highest MHDI. In 2000 it a lower standard in 2000, the average for the vicinities presented greater evolution than
was 0.431, which fell to 0.325 in 2010. that verified for the nucleus-municipality, equal to 0.130. The amplitude for the set of HDUs
reduced more in the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities than among the HDUs for the
metropolitan nucleus-municipality.
33
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ATLAS IN THE BRAZILIAN METROPOLITAN AREAS
Map of Quintiles (2010) Highest and Lowest MHDI in the Cuiaba River Valley MR (2010)
34
RORAIMA
AMAPÁ
AMAZONAS
PA R Á MARANHÃO
CEARÁ
RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE
PA R A Í B A
ACRE
ALAGOAS
TOCANTIN S
RONDÔNIA SERGIPE
BAHIA
M AT O G R O S S O
DF
GOIÁS
MINAS GERAIS
ESPÍRI TO
M AT O G R O S S O
SANTO
DO SUL
SÃ O PAUL O
RIO DE
JANEIRO
PA R A N Á
S A N TA C ATA R I N A
RIO GRANDE
DO SUL
Curitiba
Metropolitan Region
2000
Population: 2.813.237 (29,4% of the total
for the state)
GDP: R$ 28,9 billion (43,8% of the total for
the state)
DOUTOR ULYSSES
TUNAS DO PARANÁ
the Curitiba
RIO BRANCO DO SUL
BOCAIÚVA DO SUL
ITAPERUÇU
Region
TAMANDARÉ COLOMBO
QUATRO BARRAS
PINHAIS
CURITIBA
PIRAQUARA
BALSA NOVA
ARAUCÁRIA
CONTENDA
LAPA
MANDIRITUBA
MHDI
TIJUCAS DO SUL
Very High QUITANDINHA
Low
RIO NEGRO PIÉN
Very Low
No information about the HDU
36
2010
Population: 3.223.836 (30,9% of the total
for the state)
GDP: R$ 94,9 billion (43,7% of the total for
the state)
DOUTOR ULYSSES
TUNAS DO PARANÁ
CAMPO LARGO
CAMPO MAGRO
ALMIRANTE
Metropolitan
Region
TAMANDARÉ COLOMBO
QUATRO BARRAS
PINHAIS
CURITIBA
PIRAQUARA
BALSA NOVA
ARAUCÁRIA
CONTENDA
LAPA
MANDIRITUBA
MHDI
TIJUCAS DO SUL
QUITANDINHA
Very High
Very Low
No information about the HDU
37
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ATLAS IN THE BRAZILIAN METROPOLITAN AREAS
In 2000, the Cuiaba MR presented a MHDI of 0.698 and was situated in the Medium Human 32% 39%
Development range. However, in 2010 the MR presented a MHDI of 0.783, moving up to the 33% 21%
32%
High Human Development range. 26%
6% 8%
2%
The Education MHDI, in 2000, was 0.565 and increased to 0.701 in 2010. The Longevity MHDI
Very low Low Medium High Very high
was 0.793 and in 2010 corresponded to 0.853. The Income MHDI was 0.759 in 2000 and
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
increased to 0.803 in 2010.
Graph 2 shows that between 2000 and 2010 there is a concentration of HDUs in the highest
Between 2000 and 2010 the dimension that evolved most, in absolute terms, was the
human development ranges, with a reduction in the interval of results found between the HDUs that
Education dimension, which registered an increase of 0.136. Below is the contribution of the
presented elevated levels and the HDUs that presented the lowest indexes.
different dimensions for the MHDI in 2000 and 2010.
Graph 3 presents the distribution of results of the MHDI in the Curitiba MR for 2000 and 2010.
Graph 1: contribution of the components to the 2000/2010 MHDI
The attenuation of the distribution curve in 2010 in relation to the curve in 2000 gives evidence of the
2000 2010
retraction of inequality between its HDUs in the period.
0,800
0,700
MHDI
37% 36%
0,600
0,500
0,400
Longevity Education Income 0,300
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014. HDU
2000 2010
38
The Highest and Lowest MHDIs In relation to the variation of these indexes, Graph 5 presents the distribution and
concentration of the data for the nucleus-municipality of the Curitiba MR, and other
Analyzing the distribution of MHDI results from 2000 in the Curitiba MR, one can note that a
metropolitan municipalities identified on the graph as the vicinities.
large part of the HDUs with higher MHDI values is situated in the central areas of the MR, while
the largest part of HDUs with lower MHDI values is located in the northwestern portion of the Graph 5: box plot of the 2000/2010 MHDI in the HDUs
Metropolitan Region.
2000 2010
1,00
In relation to the 2010 MHDI one can observe that the HDUs with higher MHDI values are in
0,90
the nucleus-municipality surrounding the MR. The lowest MHDI values, in turn, are found in the
0,80
HDUs located in the northwest portion of the Curitiba MR, concentrated in the municipalities of
0,70
Rio Branco do Sul, Cerro Azul and Doutor Ulisses.
MHDI
0,60
In considering Graph 4, one can see the dynamic of the MHDI values for the Curitiba MR. In the 0,50
period between 2000 and 2010 there was a reduction in the number of HDUs with a Low or Very 0,40
Low MHDI. On the other hand, it can be noted that there was an increase in the number of HDUs 0,30
with High or Very High MHDI. The graph suggests that the HDUs performance in the Curitiba MR Vicinities Curitiba Vicinities Curitiba
improved during that period. Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
Graph 4: histogram of the frequency of the 2000/2010 human development ranges In the case of the nucleus-municipality, in 2000 the MHDI varied between 0.504 and 0.931,
120 when half of the HDUs possessed a MHDI between 0.606 and 0,797. In 2010, the MHDI varied
between 0.623 and 0.956, in other words, amplitude was smaller than in 2000, and half of
100
the HDUs presented indexes between 0.715 and 0.861. There was, thus, a reduction in the
80
total data amplitude, associated with an increase in the MHDI. In the case of the remaining
Frequency
60 municipalities, in 2000 half of the HDUs had a MHDI between 0.534 and 0.654. In 2010,
40 this interval was between 0.664 and 0.758. In these municipalities, in 2000 the MHDI varied
20
between 0.377 and 0.915, while in 2010 it varied between 0.546 and 0.954. One can note,
in this case, a reduction in the total amplitude of the data, associated with an increase of the
0
Very low Low Medium High Very high
MHDI of the HDUs in the period.
MHDI – Human Development Ranges
2000 2010
The greatest advance (absolute growth) among the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities
occurred in the São dos Rauen (Seminário / Vila Paraná / Center / Est. Nova) (Rio Negro/PR)
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
HDU with amplitude of 0.185, while to the nucleus-municipality the Cajuru / Uberaba: Apa
do Iguaçu HDU presented the greatest growth with an increase of 0.161. The average MHDI
Inequality in the Curitiba MR values verified in the capital presented an evolution of 0.080. Even though beginning with
a lower standard in 2000, the average for the surrounding area presented greater evolution
In analyzing the level of MHDI inequality between the HDUs in the Curitiba MR, in absolute
than that verified for the nucleus-municipality, equal to 0.116. The amplitude for the set of
terms, one can see the difference between the lowest and highest MHDI. In 2000 it was
HDUs reduced less in the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities than among the HDUs for the
0.554, which fell to 0.410 in 2010.
metropolitan nucleus-municipality.
39
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ATLAS IN THE BRAZILIAN METROPOLITAN AREAS
Map of Quintiles (2010) Highest and Lowest MHDI in the Curitiba MR (2010)
TUNAS DO PARANÁ
HDUs with lowest MHDI Água Verde 1,000
ITAPERUÇU
RIO BRANCO DO SUL
BOCAIÚVA DO SUL Cerro Azul 0,573 Cabral / Hugo Lange / Jardim Social 1,000
CURITIBA
PINHAIS HDUs with highest Longevity MHDI UDH IDHM-R
PIRAQUARA UDH IDHM-L Doutor Ulysses 0,570
BALSA NOVA Água Verde 0,941
ARAUCÁRIA
Alphaville Graciosa 0,941
SÃO JOSÉ DOS PINHAIS Cabral / Hugo Lange / Jardim Social 0,941
FAZENDA
RIO GRANDE
Campo Comprido: Eduardo Sprada 0,941
CONTENDA
LAPA
Vista Alegre: Jardim Schaffer 0,941
QUITANDINHA
TIJUCAS DO SUL HDUs with lowest Longevity MHDI
CAMPO DO TENENTE
UDH IDHM-L
Estados 0,736
Nações II 0,736
Volta Grande (Vila São Judas Tadeu / Emma / Hones / Fuchs ) 0,736
AMAPÁ
AMAZONAS
PA R Á MARANHÃO
CEARÁ
RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE
PA R A Í B A
ACRE
ALAGOAS
TOCANTIN S
RONDÔNIA SERGIPE
BAHIA
M AT O G R O S S O
DF
GOIÁS
MINAS GERAIS
ESPÍRI TO
M AT O G R O S S O
SANTO
DO SUL
SÃ O PAUL O
RIO DE
JANEIRO
PA R A N Á
S A N TA C ATA R I N A
RIO GRANDE
DO SUL
Ride-DF
Metropolitan Region
2000
Population: 2.958.196
GDP: R$ 49,078 billion
Population density: 52,42 inhabit. /km²
MHDI: 0,680
ÁGUA FRIA DE GOIÁS
PLANALTINA
FORMOSA
PADRE BERNARDO
The MHDI in
BURITIS
the Ride-DF
DISTRITO
COCALZINHO DE GOIÁS FEDERAL
ÁGUAS LINDAS
Metropolitan
DE GOIÁS CABECEIRAS
BRASÍLIA
PIRENÓPOLIS
Region
CORUMBÁ DE GOIÁS
UNAÍ
LUZIÂNIA
CRISTALINA
MHDI
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
No information about the HDU
42
2010
Population: 3.724.181
GDP: R$160,213 billion
Population density: 65,99 inhabit. /km²
MHDI: 0,792
ÁGUA FRIA DE GOIÁS
PLANALTINA
FORMOSA
PADRE BERNARDO
The MHDI in
BURITIS
the Ride-DF
DISTRITO
COCALZINHO DE GOIÁS FEDERAL
ÁGUAS LINDAS
Metropolitan
DE GOIÁS CABECEIRAS
BRASÍLIA
PIRENÓPOLIS
Region
CORUMBÁ DE GOIÁS
UNAÍ
LUZIÂNIA
CRISTALINA
MHDI
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
No information about the HDU
43
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ATLAS IN THE BRAZILIAN METROPOLITAN AREAS
The Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI) in the Ride-DF 33% 39%
In 2000, the Ride-DF presented a Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI) of 0.680 29%
20%
35%
and was situated in the Medium Human Development range. However, in 2010, the Ride-DF 26%
10%
presented a MHDI of 0.792, moving up to the High Human Development range. 9%
0,800
0,700
MHDI
0,600
36%
38% 0,500
0,400
0,300
Longevity Education Income 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
HDU
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014. 2000 2010
44
The Highest and Lowest MHDIs In relation to the variation of these indexes, Graph 5 presents the distribution and concentration
of the data for the nucleus-municipality of the Ride-DF, Brasilia, and other metropolitan
Analyzing the distribution of MHDI results from 2000 in the Ride-DF, one can note that a large
municipalities identified on the graph as the vicinities.
part of the HDUs with higher MHDI values is situated in the central areas of the Ride-DF, while
the largest part of HDUs with lower MHDI values is located in the north portion. The HDUs Graph 5: box plot of the 2000/2010 MHDI in the HDUs
correspondent to the lowest human development ranges are concentrated in the municipalities 2000 2010
of Vila Boa, Padre Bernardo, Mimoso de Goiás and Água Fria de Goiás. 1,00
0,90
In relation to the 2010 MHDI one can observe that the HDUs with highest MHDI value are in the
0,80
vicinities nearest to the Ride-DF. The lowest MHDI values, in turn, are in the HDUs located in the
0,70
outskirts of the Ride-DF distributed over several municipalities.
MHDI
0,60
In considering Graph 4, one can see the dynamic of the MHDI values for the Ride-DF. In the 0,50
period between 2000 and 2010 there was a reduction in the number of HDUs with a Low or 0,40
Very Low MHDI. On the other hand, it can be noted that there was an increase in the number 0,30
Vicinities Brasilia Vicinities Brasilia
of HDUs with a High or Very High MHDI. The graph suggests that the HDUs performance in the
Ride-DF improved during that period. Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
Graph 4: histogram of the frequency of the 2000/2010 human development ranges In the case of the nucleus-municipality, in 2000 the MHDI varied between 0.445 and 0.922,
when half of the HDUs possessed a MHDI between 0.581 and 0.736. In 2010, the MHDI varied
160
140
between 0.616 and 0.957, in other words, amplitude was smaller than in 2000, and half of the
120
HDUs presented indexes between 0.735 and 0.856. There was, thus, a reduction in the total
100 data amplitude, associated with an increase in the MHDI.
Frequency
80
In the case of the remaining municipalities, in 2000 half of the HDUs had a MHDI between
60
40
0.501 and 0.623. In 2010, this interval was between 0.656 and 0.747. In these municipalities,
20 in 2000 the MHDI varied between 0.433 and 0.777, while in 2010 it varied between 0.619 and
0 0.868. One can note, in this case, a reduction in the total amplitude of the data, associated
Very low Low Medium High Very high with an increase of the MHDI of the HDUs in the period.
MHDI – Human Development Ranges
2000 2010 The greatest advance (absolute growth) among the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities
occurred in the Setor Oeste / Setor Sul / Setor das Mansões (Planaltina/GO) HDU with amplitude
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
of 0.222, while to the nucleus-municipality the Gama: Vila DVO presented the greatest growth
with an increase of 0.210. The average MHDI values verified in the capital presented an
MHDI – Human Development Ranges evolution of 0.125. Even though beginning with a lower standard in 2000, the average for
the vicinities presented greater evolution than that verified for the nucleus-municipality, equal
In analyzing the level of MHDI inequality between the HDUs in the Ride-DF, in absolute terms,
to 0.141. The amplitude for the set of HDUs reduced less in the HDUs of the surrounding
one can see the difference between the lowest and highest MHDI. In 2000 it was 0.489, which
municipalities than among the HDUs for the nucleus-municipality of the Ride-DF.
fell to 0.341 in 2010.
1. Although Brasilia is not a municipality, the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE),
when disseminating the municipal census data, publishes the results for the Federal District as
equivalent to those of the “municipality” of Brasilia.
45
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ATLAS IN THE BRAZILIAN METROPOLITAN AREAS
Map of Quintiles (2010) Highest and Lowest MHDI in the Ride-DF MR (2010)
PIRENÓPOLIS
BRASÍLIA SCIA: Vila Estrutural / Aterro do Lixão 0,616 Jardim Botânico: Condomínio Solar de Brasília /
Sobradinho II: Vila Rabelo 0,616 Condomínio Estância Jardim Botânico / Condomínio
1,000
HDUs with highest Longevity MHDI Quintas do Sol / Condomínio Jardins do Lago /
CORUMBÁ DE GOIÁS
Condomínio Ecológico Vilage / Fazenda Taboquinha
UDH IDHM-L
Jardim Botânico: Condomínio Ville Montagne /
Brasília: Ilhas do Lago / Bay Park / Concha Acústica 0,953 1,000
ALEXÂNIA
VALPARAÍZO
DE GOIÁS
CABECEIRA GRANDE Condomínio Solar de Brasília
CIDADE Brasília: Noroeste 0,953
SANTO ANTÔNIO
NOVO
GAMA
OCIDENTAL Jardim Botânico: Setor Habitacional Estrada do Sol 1,000
DO DESCOBERTO
Brasília: Torre de TV / Setor Hospitalar Sul / Setor
ABADIÂNIA Jardim Botânico: Setor Habitacional Estrada do Sol
Comercial Sul / Setor de Diversões Sul / Setor Hoteleiro 0,953
Condomínio Solar da Serra / Setor Habitacional São 1,000
Sul e Norte / Rodoviária Central
Bartolomeu
Lago Sul 0,953
UNAÍ
Lago Norte 1,000
HDUs with lowest Longevity MHDI
Lago Sul 1,000
UDH IDHM-L
LUZIÂNIA Park Way: SMPW Trecho 1 / SMPW Trecho 2 1,000
SCIA: Vila Estrutural / Aterro do Lixão 0,756
Park Way: SMPW Trecho 3 / Placa das Mercedes 1,000
Samambaia: QR629 0,756
Park Way: SMPW Trecho 3, Quadra 5 1,000
Sobradinho II: Vila Rabelo 0,756
CRISTALINA
Santa Maria: Condomínio San Francisco 1,000
São Sebastião: Bairro São Bartolomeu 0,756
Sobradinho II: Setor Habitacional Grande Colorado
São Sebastião: Bairro Tradicional Rua 26 / Bairro Condomínio Vivendas Colorado / Setor Habitacional
0,756
Tradicional Rua 27 Grande Colorado Condomínio Solar de Atenas / Setor
1,000
Recanto das Emas: Q508 / Q510 / Q511 0,756 Habitacional Grande Colorado Condomínio Vivendas
HDUs with highest Education MHDI Bela Vista / Setor Habitacional Grande Colorado
Condomínio Vivendas Friburgo
UDH IDHM-E
Sudoeste / Octogonal 1,000
Águas Claras 0,936
HDUs with highest Income MHDI
MHDI HDUs with lowest Education MHDI
UDH IDHM-R
1st Quintile • 0,000 - 0,669 UDH IDHM-E
Beneditina / Loteamento Santa Mônica / Setor Industrial 0,596
Jardim Paquetá I e II / Jardim das Paineiras / Parque
2nd Quintile • 0,670 - 0,735 Asa Branca / Parque da Gávea Parque Itapuã I e II / 0,481 Rural: São Judas Tadeu / Boa Vista / Strass Burger /
0,596
Brasilinha 14, 16, 17-A e 17-B Santa Rosa / Boa Esperança / Pedra Preta
3rd Quintile • 0,736 - 0,786
Rural: Córrego Rico Sul 0,481
4th Quintile • 0,787 - 0,853 Rural: São Gabriel de Goiás 0,481
46
RORAIMA
AMAPÁ
AMAZONAS
PA R Á MARANHÃO
CEARÁ
RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE
PA R A Í B A
ACRE
ALAGOAS
TOCANTIN S
RONDÔNIA SERGIPE
BAHIA
M AT O G R O S S O
DF
GOIÁS
MINAS GERAIS
ESPÍRI TO
M AT O G R O S S O
SANTO
DO SUL
SÃ O PAUL O
RIO DE
JANEIRO
PA R A N Á
S A N TA C ATA R I N A
RIO GRANDE
DO SUL
Fortaleza
Metropolitan Region
2000
Population: 3.057.029 (41,1% of the total
for the state)
GDP: R$ 14,76 billion (70,9% of the total
for the state)
Population density: 527,55 inhabit. /km²
MHDI: 0,622
Education MHDI: 0,488 SÃO GONÇALO DO AMARANTE
the Fortaleza
Metropolitan
MARACANAÚ EUSÉBIO
Region PACATUBA
AQUIRAZ
ITAITINGA
MARANGUAPE
PINDORETAMA
GUAIÚBA HORIZONTE
PACAJUS
CASCAVEL
MHDI
Very High CHOROZINHO
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
No information about the HDU
48
2010
Population: 3.615.767 (42,8% of the total
for the state)
GDP: R$ 50,6 billion (64,9% of the total for
the state)
Population density: 623,97 inhabit. /km²
MHDI: 0,732
SÃO GONÇALO DO AMARANTE
PACATUBA
ITAITINGA
AQUIRAZ Region
MARANGUAPE
PINDORETAMA
GUAIÚBA HORIZONTE
PACAJUS
CASCAVEL
MHDI
CHOROZINHO
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
No information about the HDU
49
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ATLAS IN THE BRAZILIAN METROPOLITAN AREAS
In 2000, the Fortaleza MR presented a MHDI of 0.622 and was situated in the Medium Human 35%
21% 29%
40%
Development range. However, in 2010 the MR presented a MHDI of 0.732, moving up to the
18%
High Human Development range. 21% 22%
4% 9%
The Education MHDI, in 2000, was 0.488 and increased to 0.672 in 2010. The Longevity MHDI
Very low Low Medium High Very high
was 0.743 and in 2010 it corresponded to 0.814. The Income MHDI was 0.663 and increased
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
to 0.716.
Graph 2 shows that between 2000 and 2010 there is a concentration of HDUs in the highest
Between 2000 and 2010 the dimension that evolved most, in absolute terms, was the
human development ranges, with a reduction in the interval of results found between the HDUs that
Education dimension, which registered an increase of 0.184. Below is the contribution of the
presented elevated levels and the HDUs that presented the lowest indexes.
different dimensions for the MHDI in 2000 and 2010.
Graph 3 presents the distribution of results of the MHDI in the Fortaleza MR for 2000 and 2010. The
Graph 1: contribution of the components to the 2000/2010 MHDI
attenuation of the distribution curve in 2010 in relation to the curve in 2000 gives evidence of the
2000 2010
retraction of inequality between its HDUs in the period.
0,900
0,800
0,700
MHDI
0,600
39%
37% 0,500
0,400
Longevity Education Income 0,300
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014. HDU
2000 2010
50
The Highest and Lowest MHDIs In relation to the variation of these indexes, Graph 5 presents the distribution and concentration
of the data for the nucleus-municipality of the Fortaleza MR and other metropolitan municipalities
Analyzing the distribution of MHDI results from 2000 in the Fortaleza MR, one can note that a
identified on the graph as vicinities.
large part of the HDUs with higher MHDI values is situated in the central areas of the MR urban
nuclei, while the largest part of HDUs with lower MHDI values is located in the vicinities of the Graph 5: box plot of the 2000/2010 MHDI in the HDUs
Metropolitan Region.
2000 2010
1,00
In relation to the 2010 MHDI one can observe that the HDUs with highest MHDI value are in
0,90
the nucleus-municipality of the MR, with slight expansion to the vicinities. The lowest MHDI
0,80
values, in turn, are in the HDUs in different parts of the Fortaleza MR concentrated in the
0,70
municipalities of Caucaia, Aquiraz, Maranguape, Pacajus and Cascavel.
MHDI
0,60
In considering Graph 4, one can see the dynamic of the MHDI values for the Fortaleza MR. 0,50
In the period between 2000 and 2010 there was a reduction in the number of HDUs with 0,40
a Low or Very Low MHDI. On the other hand, it can be noted that there was an increase 0,30
in the number of HDUs with a High or Very High MHDI. The graph suggests that the HDUs Vicinities Fortaleza Vicinities Fortaleza
performance in the Fortaleza MR improved during that period. Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
Graph 4: histogram of the frequency of the 2000/2010 human development ranges In the case of the nucleus-municipality, in 2000 the MHDI varied between 0.457 and 0.894,
180 when half of the HDUs possessed a MHDI between 0.550 and 0.742. In 2010, the MHDI
160 varied between 0.567 and 0.945, in other words, amplitude was smaller in 2000, and half of
140
the HDUs presented indexes between 0.682 and 0.826. There was, thus, a reduction in the
120
total data amplitude, associated with an increase in the MHDI.
Frequency
100
80
In the case of the remaining municipalities, in 2000 half of the HDUs had a MHDI between
60
40
0.456 and 0.546. In 2010, this interval was between 0.614 and 0.687. In these municipalities,
20 in 2000 the MHDI varied between 0.385 and 0.729, which in 2010 varied between 0.568 and
0 0.937. One can note, in this case, a reduction in the total amplitude of the data, associated
Very low Low Medium High Very high
with an increase of the MHDI of the HDUs in the period.
MHDI – Human Development Ranges
2000 2010
The greatest advance (absolute growth) among the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014. occurred in the Antonio Marques / Rural Area and Tanques: Rural Area (Maranguape/CE)
HDUs with amplitude of 0.195 while to the nucleus-municipality the Livreiro Gualter / Vila
União HDU presented the greatest growth with an increase of 0.174. The average MHDI
Inequality in the Fortaleza MR
values verified in the capital presented an evolution of 0.126. Even though beginning with
In analyzing the level of MHDI inequality between the HDUs in the Fortaleza MR, in absolute terms, a lower standard in 2000, the average for the vicinities presented greater evolution than
one can see the difference between the lowest and highest MHDI. In 2000 it was 0.509, which fell that verified for the nucleus-municipality, equal to 0.143. The amplitude for the set of HDUs
to 0.378 in 2010. expanded more in the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities than among the HDUs for the
metropolitan nucleus-municipality.
51
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ATLAS IN THE BRAZILIAN METROPOLITAN AREAS
Map of Quintiles (2010) Highest and Lowest MHDI in the Fortaleza MR (2010)
PINDORETAMA
UDH IDHM-E
Aldeota I 0,901
HDUs with lowest Education MHDI
GUAIÚBA HORIZONTE
UDH IDHM-E
Conjunto Palmeiras I 0,451
HDUs with highest Income MHDI
PACAJUS UDH IDHM-R
Aldeota I 1,000
CASCAVEL Meireles I 1,000
Região do Alphaville Eusébio 1,000
HDUs with highest Income MHDI
CHOROZINHO
UDH IDHM-R
Amanari: Zona Rural 0,507
Antonio Marques / Zona Rural 0,507
Itapebussu: Zona Rural 0,507
The quintiles refer to the pooling of data in five equal parts,
Lagoa do Juvenal 0,507
so that each sampling comprises 20% of the data. Manoel Guedes 0,507
Papara 0,507
Tanques: Zona Rural 0,507
Vertentes do Lagedo 0,507
52
RORAIMA
AMAPÁ
AMAZONAS
PA R Á MARANHÃO
CEARÁ
RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE
PA R A Í B A
ACRE
ALAGOAS
TOCANTIN S
RONDÔNIA SERGIPE
BAHIA
M AT O G R O S S O
DF
GOIÁS
MINAS GERAIS
ESPÍRI TO
M AT O G R O S S O
SANTO
DO SUL
SÃ O PAUL O
RIO DE
JANEIRO
PA R A N Á
S A N TA C ATA R I N A
RIO GRANDE
DO SUL
Goiania
Metropolitan Region
2000
Population: 1.743.297 (34,8% of the total
for the state)
GDP: R$ 10,577 billion (48,9% of the total
for the state)
Population density: 238,31 inhabit. /km² INHUMAS
MHDI: 0,667
NOVA VENEZA
Education MHDI: 0,517
BRAZABRANTES
Longevity MHDI: 0,781
Income MHDI: 0,735 NERÓPOLIS
TEREZÓPOLIS DE GOIÁS
CATURAÍ
Metropolitan TRINDADE
GOIÂNIA
CALDAZINHA
ABADIA DE GOIÁS
APARECIDA DE GOIÂNIA
GUAPÓ
ARAGOIÂNIA
BELA VISTA DE GOIÁS
MHDI
HIDROLÂNDIA
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
No information about the HDU
54
2010
Population: 2.173.141 (36,2% of the total
for the state)
GDP: R$35,970 billion (36,8% of the total
for the state)
INHUMAS
Population density: 297,07 inhabit. /km²
MHDI: 0,769
NOVA VENEZA
Education MHDI: 0,691
BRAZABRANTES
Longevity MHDI: 0,836
NERÓPOLIS Income MHDI: 0,786
TEREZÓPOLIS DE GOIÁS
CATURAÍ
GOIANÓPOLIS
The MHDI in
BONFINÓPOLIS
the Goiania
TRINDADE
GOIÂNIA
Metropolitan
SENADOR CANEDO
Region
CALDAZINHA
ABADIA DE GOIÁS
APARECIDA DE GOIÂNIA
GUAPÓ
ARAGOIÂNIA
BELA VISTA DE GOIÁS
MHDI
HIDROLÂNDIA
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
No information about the HDU
55
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ATLAS IN THE BRAZILIAN METROPOLITAN AREAS
In 2000, the Goiania MR presented a MHDI of 0.667 and was situated in the Medium Human 24% 31%
30%
Development range. However, in 2010 the MR presented a MHDI of 0.769, moving up to the 42%
24%
27%
High Human Development range.
7% 15%
The Education MHDI, in 2000, was 0.517 and increased to 0.691 in 2010. The Longevity
Very low Low Medium High Very high
MHDI was 0.781 and in 2010 it corresponded to 0.836. The Income MHDI was 0.735 and
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
increased to 0.786.
Graph 2 shows that between 2000 and 2010 there is a concentration of HDUs in the highest
Between 2000 and 2010 the dimension that evolved most, in absolute terms, was the
human development ranges, with a reduction in the interval of results found between the HDUs that
Education dimension, which registered an increase of 0.174. Below is the contribution of the
presented elevated levels and the HDUs that presented the lowest indexes.
different dimensions for the MHDI in 2000 and 2010.
Graph 3 presents the distribution of results of the MHDI in the Goiania MR for 2000 and 2010. The
Graph 1: contribution of the components to the 2000/2010 MHDI
attenuation of the distribution curve in 2010 in relation to the curve in 2000 gives evidence of the
2000 2010
retraction of inequality between its HDUs in the period.
0,900
0,800
0,700
MHDI
36%
0,600
38%
0,500
0,400
Longevity Education Income 0,300
0 50 100 150 200 250
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014. HDU
2000 2010
56
The Highest and Lowest MHDIs In relation to the variation of these indexes, Graph 5 presents the distribution and
concentration of the data for the nucleus-municipality of Goiania MR, and other metropolitan
Analyzing the distribution of MHDI results from 2000 in the Goiania MR, one can note that a
municipalities identified on the graph as the vicinities.
large part of the HDUs with higher MHDI values is situated in the central areas of the MR, while
the largest part of HDUs with lower MHDI values is located in the western portion of the MR. Graph 5: box plot of the 2000/2010 MHDI in the HDUs
The HDUs corresponding to the lowest Human Development ranges are in the municipalities of
2000 2010
Trindade and Aparecida de Goiania. 1,00
0,90
In relation to the 2010 MHDI one can observe that the HDUs with highest MHDI values expand to
0,80
the north and south portions of the MR. The lowest MHDI values, in turn, are in the HDUs located
0,70
in the eastern portion of the Goiania MR distributed over several municipalities.
MHDI
0,60
In considering Graph 4, one can see the dynamic of the MHDI values for the Goiania MR. In the 0,50
period between 2000 and 2010 there was a reduction in the number of HDUs with a Low or Very 0,40
Low MHDI. On the other hand, it can be noted that there was an increase in the number of HDUs 0,30
with a High or Very High MHDI. The graph suggests that the HDU performance in the Goiania MR Vicinities Goiânia Vicinities Goiânia
improved during that period. Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
Graph 4: histogram of the frequency of the 2000/2010 human development ranges In the case of the nucleus-municipality, in 2000 the MHDI varied between 0.474 and 0.920,
120 when half of the HDUs possessed a MHDI between 0.653 and 0.786. In 2010, the MHDI varied
between 0.629 and 0.953, in other words, amplitude was smaller than in 2000, and half of the
100
HDUs presented indexes between 0.759 and 0.888. There was, thus, a reduction in the total
80
data amplitude, associated with an increase in the MHDI.
Frequency
60
In the case of the remaining municipalities, in 2000 half of the HDUs had a MHDI between
40
0.521 and 0.655. In 2010, this interval was between 0.668 and 0.780. In these municipalities,
20
in 2000 the MHDI varied between 0.445 and 0.920, while in 2010 it varied between 0.612 and
0 0.953. One can note, in this case, a reduction in the total amplitude of the data, associated
Very low Low Medium High Very high
with an increase of the MHDI of the HDUs in the period.
MHDI – Human Development Ranges
2000 2010
The greatest advance (absolute growth) among the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
occurred in the Jardim Canedo / Vila Santa Rosa / Bom Sucesso / Vale das Brisas, Jardim Veneza /
Residencial Flor do Ipê / Boa Vista 2 / Parque dos Buritis and Estância Vargem Bonita / Solar das
Inequality in the Goiania MR Auroras HDUs (Senador Canedo/GO) with amplitude of 0.208 while to the nucleus-municipality
the Unidade Territorial de Planejamento São Domingos HDU presented the greatest growth with
In analyzing the level of MHDI inequality between the HDUs in the Goiania MR, in absolute an increase of 0.155. The average MHDI values verified in the capital presented an evolution
terms, one can see the difference between the lowest and highest MHDI. In 2000 it was 0.475, of 0.092. Even though beginning with a lower standard in 2000, the average for the vicinities
which fell to 0.341 in 2010. presented greater evolution than that verified for the nucleus-municipality, equal to 0.143.
The amplitude for the set of HDUs reduced less in the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities
than among the HDUs for the metropolitan nucleus-municipality.
57
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ATLAS IN THE BRAZILIAN METROPOLITAN AREAS
Map of Quintiles (2010) Highest and Lowest MHDI in the Goiania MR (2010)
MHDI HDUs with highest MHDI HDUs with lowest Longevity MHDI
1st Quintile • 0,000 - 0,683 UDH IDHM UDH IDHM-L
2nd Quintile • 0,684 - 0,754 Aldeia do Vale / Monte Verde 0,953 Região Central: Jardim das Acácias / Ana Rosa / INT
0,734
Parque / ALV Sul
3rd Quintile • 0,755 - 0,802 Alphaville Flamboyant / Jardim Munique / Portal do Sol 0,953
Região Tiradentes: Maranata / Jardim Dom Bosco / Ipê /
4th Quintile • 0,803 - 0,861 Bueno: Av. T-63 / Parque Vaca Brava 0,953 Madre Germana
0,734
INHUMAS
5th Quintile • 0,862 - 1,000 Jardim Europa / Jardins Florença 0,953 HDUs with highest Education MHDI
Jardim Milão / Paris / Atenas / Verona 0,953 UDH IDHM-E
NOVA VENEZA
Marista: Av. 136 0,953 Bela Vista (Av. T-63) / Bueno (Rua S-1) 0,933
BRAZABRANTES
Região Garavelo / Condomínio Jardim Viena / Jardim Bela Vista: Estádio Serrinha / Pedro Ludovico: Parque
0,953 0,933
Mônaco Areião / Terminal Izidória
NERÓPOLIS
TEREZÓPOLIS DE GOIÁS
CATURAÍ
HDUs with lowest MHDI Bueno: Faculdade Objetivo / Oeste / Av. Perimetral 0,933
GOIANIRA SANTO ANTÔ
‘ NIO DE GOIÁS
UDH IDHM HDUs with lowest Education MHDI
GOIANÓPOLIS Região Central: Jardim das Acácias / Ana Rosa / INT UDH IDHM-E
0,612
Parque / ALV Sul
Região Central: Jardim das Acácias / Ana Rosa / INT
Região Tiradentes: Maranata / Jardim Dom Bosco / Ipê / 0,499
0,612 Parque / ALV Sul
Madre Germana
BONFINÓPOLIS Região Tiradentes: Maranata / Jardim Dom Bosco / Ipê /
Samarah / Jardim Decolores / Clube do Lago / Setor Bela Vista 0,619 0,499
Madre Germana
GOIÂNIA
TRINDADE
Condomínio Imperial / Chácara Pontakayana / Setor dos HDUs with highest Income MHDI
0,619
Bandeirantes
UDH IDHM-R
Residencial Santa Fé / Setor Laguna Park / Setor Vida
SENADOR CANEDO 0,619
Nova Aldeia do Vale / Monte Verde 1,000
CALDAZINHA HDUs with highest Longevity MHDI Alphaville Flamboyant / Jardim Munique / Portal do Sol 1,000
ABADIA DE GOIÁS
UDH IDHM-L Bueno: Av. T-63 / Parque Vaca Brava 1,000
APARECIDA DE GOIÂNIA Aldeia do Vale / Monte Verde 0,940 Jardim Europa / Jardins Florença 1,000
Alphaville Flamboyant / Jardim Munique / Portal do Sol 0,940 Jardim Milão / Paris / Atenas / Verona 1,000
Bueno: Av. T-63 / Parque Vaca Brava 0,940 Marista: Av. 136 1,000
Jardim Europa / Jardins Florença 0,940 Região Garavelo / Condomínio Jardim Viena / Jardim
GUAPÓ
1,000
Mônaco
Jardim Milão / Paris / Atenas / Verona 0,940
ARAGOIÂNIA
BELA VISTA DE GOIÁS Oeste: Praças Tamandaré / Marista: Shopping
Marista: Av. 136 0,940 1,000
Bougainville
Região Garavelo / Condomínio Jardim Viena / Jardim HDUs with highest Income MHDI
HIDROLÂNDIA 0,940
Mônaco
UDH IDHM-R
Dourados 0,623
58
RORAIMA
AMAPÁ
AMAZONAS
PA R Á MARANHÃO
CEARÁ
RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE
PA R A Í B A
ACRE
ALAGOAS
TOCANTIN S
RONDÔNIA SERGIPE
BAHIA
M AT O G R O S S O
DF
GOIÁS
MINAS GERAIS
ESPÍRI TO
M AT O G R O S S O
SANTO
DO SUL
SÃ O PAUL O
RIO DE
JANEIRO
PA R A N Á
S A N TA C ATA R I N A
RIO GRANDE
DO SUL
Manaus
Metropolitan Region
2000
Population: 1.645.832 (58,5% of the total
for the state)
GDP: R$ 14,5 billion (76,8% of the total for
the state)
Population density: 16,22 inhabit. /km²
MHDI: 0,585
Education MHDI: 0,414
Longevity MHDI: 0,730
MANAUS
Income MHDI: 0,661
the Manaus 0 5
IRANDUBA
Km
10
Metropolitan
Region
PRESIDENTE FIGUEIREDO
NOVO AIRÃO
MANAUS
IRANDUBA
MHDI ITACOATIARA
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
No information about the HDU
60
2010
Population: 2.106.322 (60,5% of the total
for the state)
GDP: R$ 51,3 billion (85,1% of the total for
the state)
Population density: 20,76 inhabit. /km²
MHDI: 0,720
Education MHDI: 0,636
Longevity MHDI: 0,812
MANAUS
Income MHDI: 0,724
CAREIRO DA VÁRZEA
The MHDI in
0 5
IRANDUBA
10
Km
the Manaus
Metropolitan
Region
PRESIDENTE FIGUEIREDO
NOVO AIRÃO
MANAUS
IRANDUBA
ITACOATIARA
MHDI
CAREIRO DA VÁRZEA Very High
MANACAPURU
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
No information about the HDU
61
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ATLAS IN THE BRAZILIAN METROPOLITAN AREAS
In 2000, the Manaus MR presented a MHDI of 0.585 and was situated in the Low Human
27% 26%
Development range. However, in 2010 the MR presented a MHDI of 0.720, moving up to the 22%
26%
Between 2000 and 2010 the dimension that evolved most, in absolute terms, was the Education Graph 2 shows that between 2000 and 2010 there is a concentration of HDUs in the highest human
dimension, which registered an increase of 0.222. Below is the contribution of the different development ranges, with a reduction in the interval of results found between the HDUs that presented
dimensions for the MHDI in 2000 and 2010. elevated levels and the HDUs that presented the lowest indexes.
Graph 1: contribution of the components to the 2000/2010 MHDI Graph 3 presents the distribution of results of the MHDI in the Manaus MR for 2000 and 2010. The
2000 2010 attenuation of the distribution curve in 2010 in relation to the curve in 2000 gives evidence of the
retraction of inequality between its HDUs in the period.
23%
29% Graph 3: 2000/2010 MHDI distribution
33%
37%
1,000
0,900
0,800
38% 0,700
MHDI
40%
0,600
0,500
0,300
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014. 0 50 100 150 200 250
HDU
2000 2010
62
The Highest and Lowest MHDIs Graph 5: box plot of the 2000/2010 MHDI in the HDUs
2000 2010
Analyzing the distribution of MHDI results from 2000 in the Manaus MR, one can note that a
1,00
large part of the HDUs with higher MHDI values is situated in the MR urban nuclei, while the
0,90
largest part of HDUs with lower MHDI values is spread all over the Metropolitan Region. In
0,80
relation to the 2010 MHDI one can observe that the HDUs with highest MHDI value are in the
0,70
nucleus-municipality of the MR. The lowest MHDI values, in turn, are in the HDUs located in the
MHDI
0,60
different portions of the Manaus MR distributed over several municipalities.
0,50
In considering Graph 4, one can see the dynamic of the MHDI values for the Manaus MR. In the 0,40
period between 2000 and 2010 there was a reduction in the number of HDUs with a Low or Very 0,30
Vicinities Manaus Vicinities Manaus
Low MHDI. On the other hand, it can be noted that there was an increase in the number of HDUs
with a High or Very High MHDI. The graph suggests that the HDUs performance in the Manaus Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
In the case of the remaining municipalities, in 2000 half of the HDUs had a MHDI between
Frequency
50
40
0.430 and 0.529. In 2010, this interval was between 0.574 and 0,667. In these municipalities,
30
20
in 2000 the MHDI varied between 0.302 and 0.693, while in 2010 it varied between 0.501 and
10 0.782. One can note, in this case, a reduction in the total amplitude of the data, associated with
0 an increase of the MHDI of the HDUs in the period.
Very low Low Medium High Very high
MHDI – Human Development Ranges The greatest advance (absolute growth) among the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities
2000 2010
occurred in the Bairro Alto and Iranduba Rural Area (Iranduba/AM) HDUs with amplitude of
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014. 0.247, while to the nucleus-municipality the Japiim: Rua Felicidade / Rua Paz / Rua Principal HDU
presented the greatest growth with an increase of 0.236. The average MHDI values verified
in the capital presented an evolution of 0.111. Even though beginning with a lower standard
Inequality in the Manaus MR
in 2000, the average for the surrounding area presented greater evolution than that verified
In analyzing the level of MHDI inequality between the HDUs in the Manaus MR, in absolute for the nucleus-municipality, equal to 0.103. The amplitude for the set of HDUs reduced more
terms, one can see the difference between the lowest and highest MHDI. In 2000 it was 0.565, in the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities than among the HDUs for the metropolitan
which fell to 0.429 in 2010. nucleus-municipality.
In relation to the variation of these indexes, Graph 5 presents the distribution and concentration
of the data for the nucleus-municipality of the Manaus MR and other metropolitan municipalities
identified on the graph as the vicinities.
63
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ATLAS IN THE BRAZILIAN METROPOLITAN AREAS
Map of Quintiles (2010) Highest and Lowest MHDI in the Manaus MR (2010)
UDH IDHM
UDH IDHM
IRANDUBA
Comunidade do Jacaré 0,528
64
HDUs with highest Longevity MHDI HDUs with highest Education MHDI Conjunto Mucuripe II 1,000
UDH IDHM-L UDH IDHM-E Edifício Maison Vivaldi / Edifício Residencial Palácio
Adrianópolis / Edifício Mansão Adrianópolis / Residencial
Adrianópolis / Nossa Senhora das Graças (Vieiralves / Aleixo (Conjunto Vila Câmara / Conjunto Habitacional Jardim Adrianópolis / Condomínio Happy Days / 1,000
0,942
Amazonense / Maceió) Tiradentes / Conjunto Habitacional Petro de Manaus / 0,892 Residencial Upperside / Residencial Uniqui / Condomínio
Condomínio Joaquim Ribeiro) Residencial Adrianópolis
Aleixo 0,942
Chapada / Dom Pedro I (Residencial Solar dos Franceses Morada do Parque / Alpha Garden 1,000
Condomínio Efigênio Sales 0,942 / Residencial Parque dos Franceses / Conjunto Tocantins /
Conjunto Bosque dos Ingleses / Residencial Renaissance Morada do Sol 1,000
Condomínio Residencial Houseville / Condomínio 0,892
0,942 / Kissia II / Parque Aripuanã / Condomínio Vila do Sol
Abrahan Pazzuelo / Condomínio dos Advogados Maior / Condomínio Bevelly Hills / Vila Militar Bafururu / Parque Dez de Novembro (Condomínio Jardim Califórnia
Condomínio Cidade Jardim) / Residencial Riviera Francesa / Edifício Ópera Prima /
Condomínio Residencial Torres de AndaLuzia / 1,000
0,942 Condomínio Parque dos Rios I / Condomínio Parque dos
Residencial Portugal Colônia Oliveira Machado / Vila Buriti (Vila Humaitá – Rios IV / Edifício Genev / Edifício Nau Capitania)
0,892
Marinha / Vila Rio Negro)
Conjunto Mucuripe II 0,942 Parque Dez de Novembro (Residencial Vila da Barra
Condomínio Atlantis / Condomínio Bosque Copenhagen / Conjunto Murici / Residencial Maron / Condomínio
Edifício Maison Vivaldi / Edifício Residencial Palácio 0,892 1,000
/ Conjunto Dallas / Condomínio Juliana Giardino di Milano / Conjunto Tropical / Conjunto Belo
Adrianópolis / Edifício Mansão Adrianópolis / Residencial Horizonte / Conjunto Castelo Branco)
Jardim Adrianópolis / Condomínio Happy Days / 0,942 Condomínio Bougainville / Conjunto Vila do Rei /
Residencial Upperside / Residencial Uniqui / Condomínio 0,892
Condomínio Edifício Parque Imperial Ponta Negra / Tarumã (Condomínio Alphaville Manaus
Residencial Adrianópolis / Residencial Ponta Negra / Jardim das Américas / 1,000
Condomínio Três Marias 0,892 Residencial Itaporanga)
Morada do Parque / Alpha Garden 0,942
Conjunto Parque Solimões 0,892 Residencial Boa Vista 1,000
Morada do Sol 0,942
Conjunto Residencial Kyssia I / Conjunto Deborah 0,892 Residencial Eldorado Park 1,000
Parque Dez de Novembro (Condomínio Jardim Califórnia
/ Residencial Riviera Francesa / Edifício Ópera Prima / Flores 0,892 HDUs with highest Income MHDI
0,942
Condomínio Parque dos Rios I / Condomínio Parque dos
Rios IV / Edifício Genev / Edifício Nau Capitania) Flores (Arezzo / Espaço Verde) 0,892 UDH IDHM-R
Parque Dez de Novembro (Residencial Vila da Barra Residencial Ibiza / Residencial Parque dos Rios / Zona Rural Itacoatiara 0,490
/ Conjunto Murici / Residencial Maron / Condomínio Residencial Mundi Resort / Condomínio Maison
0,942 0,892
Giardino di Milano / Conjunto Tropical / Conjunto Belo Ephigênio Sales / Conjunto Jardim Espanha III / Parque
Horizonte / Conjunto Castelo Branco) Residencial Monte Líbano
Ponta Negra / Tarumã (Condomínio Alphaville Manaus Residencial Paraíso Girassol / Residencial Tapajós 0,892
/ Residencial Ponta Negra / Jardim das Américas / 0,942
Residencial Itaporanga) HDUs with lowest Education MHDI
HDUs with lowest Longevity MHDI HDUs with highest Income MHDI
AgroVila do Paraná do Castanho 0,712 Adrianópolis / Nossa Senhora das Graças (Vieiralves /
1,000
Amazonense / Maceió)
Comunidade do Jacaré 0,712
Aleixo 1,000
Comunidade do Tuiué / Vila Rica 0,712
Condomínio Efigênio Sales 1,000
Comunidade Sacambú 0,712
Condomínio Residencial Houseville / Condomínio
1,000
Zona Rural Manacapuru 0,712 Abrahan Pazzuelo / Condomínio dos Advogados
65
RORAIMA
AMAPÁ
AMAZONAS
PA R Á MARANHÃO
CEARÁ
RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE
PA R A Í B A
ACRE
ALAGOAS
TOCANTIN S
RONDÔNIA SERGIPE
BAHIA
M AT O G R O S S O
DF
GOIÁS
MINAS GERAIS
ESPÍRI TO
M AT O G R O S S O
SANTO
DO SUL
SÃ O PAUL O
RIO DE
JANEIRO
PA R A N Á
S A N TA C ATA R I N A
RIO GRANDE
DO SUL
Natal
Metropolitan Region
2000
Population: 1.132.670 (40,8% of the total
for the state)
GDP: R$ 4,96 billion (53,4% of the total for MAXARANGUAPE
the state)
Population density: 400,73 inhabit. /km²
MHDI: 0,625
Education MHDI: 0,487
Longevity MHDI: 0,742
Income MHDI: 0,676 CEARÁ-MIRIM
in the Natal
Metropolitan SÃO GONÇALO DO AMARANTE
Region NATAL
PARNAMIRIM
MACAÍBA
VERA CRUZ
MHDI
NÍSIA FLORESTA
SÃO JOSÉ DE MIPIBU
Very High
High
MONTE ALEGRE
Medium
Low
Very Low
No information about the HDU
68
2010
Population: 1.361.445 (42,64% of the total
for the state)
MAXARANGUAPE GDP: R$ 16,7 billion (52,2% of the total for
the state)
Population density: 481,21 inhabit. /km²
MHDI: 0,733
Education MHDI: 0,658
Longevity MHDI: 0,814
CEARÁ-MIRIM Income MHDI: 0,736
EXTREMOZ
The MHDI
in the Natal
Metropolitan
Region
SÃO GONÇALO DO AMARANTE
NATAL
PARNAMIRIM
MACAÍBA
VERA CRUZ
MHDI
NÍSIA FLORESTA
SÃO JOSÉ DE MIPIBU
Very High
High
MONTE ALEGRE
Medium
Low
Very Low
No information about the HDU
69
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ATLAS IN THE BRAZILIAN METROPOLITAN AREAS
In 2000, the Natal MR presented a MHDI of 0.625 and was situated in the Medium Human
32% 36%
Development range. However, in 2010 the MR presented a MHDI of 0.733, moving up to the 29%
11%
High Human Development range. 36%
12%
19% 17%
The Education MHDI, in 2000, was 0.487 and increased to 0.658 in 2010. The Longevity 8%
MHDI was 0.742 and in 2010 it corresponded to 0.814. The Income MHDI was 0.676 and Very low Low Medium High Very high
Between 2000 and 2010 the dimension that evolved most, in absolute terms, was the Graph 2 shows that between 2000 and 2010 there is a concentration of HDUs in the highest
Education dimension, which registered an increase of 0.171. Below is the contribution of the human development ranges, with a reduction in the interval of results found between the HDUs that
different dimensions for the MHDI in 2000 and 2010. presented elevated levels and the HDUs that presented the lowest indexes.
Graph 1: contribution of the components to the 2000/2010 MHDI Graph 3 presents the distribution of results of the MHDI in the Natal MR for 2000 and 2010. The
2000 2010 attenuation of the distribution curve in 2010 in relation to the curve in 2000 gives evidence of the
retraction of inequality between its HDUs in the period.
26%
30% Graph 3: 2000/2010 MHDI distribution
33%
35%
1,000
0,900
0,800
37% 0,700
MHDI
39%
0,600
0,500
0,300
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014. 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
HDU
2000 2010
70
The Highest and Lowest MHDIs Graph 5: box plot of the 2000/2010 MHDI in the HDUs
2000 2010
Analyzing the distribution of MHDI results from 2000 in the Natal MR, one can note that a large
1,00
part of the HDUs with higher MHDI values is situated in the MR urban nuclei and in Parnamirim,
0,90
while the largest part of HDUs with lower MHDI values is spread all over the Metropolitan Region
0,80
municipalities.
0,70
MHDI
In relation to the 2010 MHDI one can observe that the HDUs with highest MHDI value are in the 0,60
nucleus-municipality of the MR and in the municipality of Parnamirim. The lowest MHDI values, in 0,50
turn, are in the HDUs located in the outskirts of the Natal MR distributed over several municipalities. 0,40
0,30
In considering Graph 4, one can see the dynamic of the MHDI values for the Natal MR. In the period Vicinities Natal Vicinities Natal
between 2000 and 2010 there was a reduction in the number of HDUs with a Low or Very Low Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
MHDI. On the other hand, it can be noted that there was an increase in the number of HDUs with a
High or Very High MHDI. The graph suggests that the HDU performance in the Natal MR improved In the case of the nucleus-municipality, in 2000 the MHDI varied between 0.458 and 0.876,
during that period. when half of the HDUs possessed a MHDI between 0.518 and 0.755. In 2010, the MHDI varied
between 0.605 and 0.948, in other words, amplitude was smaller in 2000, and half of the
Graph 4: histogram of the frequency of the 2000/2010 human development ranges HDUs presented indexes between 0.620 and 0.842. There was, thus, a reduction in the total
70 data amplitude, associated with an increase in the MHDI.
60
In the case of other municipalities, in turn, in 2000 half of the HDUs possessed a MHDI
50
between 0.445 and 0.566. In 2010 the interval was from 0.572 to 0.723. In those
Frequency
40
municipalities, in 2000 the MHDI varied between 0.405 and 0.806, while in 2010 it varied
30
between 0.525 and 0.890. One can note, in this case, a reduction in the total amplitude of the
20
data, associated with an increase of the MHDI of the HDUs in the period.
10
0 The greatest advance (absolute growth) among the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities
Very low Low Medium High Very high
occurred in the Monte Castelo, Pium, Nova Parnamirim: Toca da Raposa (Parnamirim / RN) HDU
MHDI – Human Development Ranges
and the HDU corresponding to the municipality of Maxaranguape/RN with amplitude of 0.173,
2000 2010
while for the nucleus municipalities the Mãe Luiza and Guararapes/Planalto HDUs presented
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
greatest growth with an increase of 0.161. The average MHDI values verified in the capital
presented an evolution of 0.125. The average for the surrounding area presented the same
Inequality in the Natal MR evolution lower than that verified for the nucleus-municipality, equal to 0.122. The amplitude
for the set of HDUs reduced less in the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities than among the
In analyzing the level of MHDI inequality between the HDUs in the Natal MR, in absolute terms,
HDUs for the metropolitan nucleus-municipality.
one can see the difference between the lowest and highest MHDI. In 2000 it was 0.471, which
fell to 0.423 in 2010.
In relation to the variation of these indexes, Graph 5 presents the distribution and
concentration of the data for the nucleus-municipality of the Natal MR and other metropolitan
municipalities identified on the graph as the vicinities.
71
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ATLAS IN THE BRAZILIAN METROPOLITAN AREAS
Map of Quintiles (2010) Highest and Lowest MHDI in the Natal MR (2010)
PARNAMIRIM Candelária / Lagoa 0,948 Pitangui / Boa Esperança / Aningas / Maturaia de Baixo 0,520
MACAÍBA
Cidade da Esperança: Condomínios / Rodoviária 0,948 Jacoca / Catolé / Cavalcante / Poço Comprido / Jorge /
0,520
Massagana
Praia do Meio: Rua do Motor / Onofre Lopes / Av.
0,948
Getúlio Vargas Capela / Carnaubal / São João / Gameleira 0,520
Tirol / Petrópolis / Areia Preta 0,948 Cosmo / São Pedro / Tamanduá / Santa Maria / Santo
0,520
Antônio / Bom Jesus / Maturaia de Cima
HDUs with lowest Longevity MHDI
UDH IDHM-L
VERA CRUZ Capela / Carnaubal / São João / Gameleira 0,707
SÃO JOSÉ DE MIPIBU NÍSIA FLORESTA Cosmo / São Pedro / Tamanduá / Santa Maria / Santo
0,707
Antônio / Bom Jesus / Maturaia de Cima
Jacoca / Catolé / Cavalcante / Poço Comprido / Jorge /
MONTE ALEGRE 0,707
Massagana
Pitangui / Boa Esperança / Aningas / Maturaia de Baixo 0,707
72
RORAIMA
AMAPÁ
AMAZONAS
PA R Á MARANHÃO
CEARÁ
RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE
PA R A Í B A
ACRE
ALAGOAS
TOCANTIN S
RONDÔNIA SERGIPE
BAHIA
M AT O G R O S S O
DF
GOIÁS
MINAS GERAIS
ESPÍRI TO
M AT O G R O S S O
SANTO
DO SUL
SÃ O PAUL O
RIO DE
JANEIRO
PA R A N Á
S A N TA C ATA R I N A
RIO GRANDE
DO SUL
Porto Alegre
Metropolitan Region
2000
Population: 3.782.651 (37,1% of the total
for the state)
GDP: R$ 38,964 billion (45,8% of the total
for the state)
Population density: 365,61 inhabit. /km²
MHDI: 0,685
Education MHDI: 0,524 IGREJINHA
SÃO
PAROBÉ
CAMPO TAQUARA
MONTENEGRO PORTÃO BOM
CAPELA DE SANTANA
NOVO HAMBURGO
SAPUCAIA
DO SUL
Porto Alegre
NOVA SANTA RITA
ESTEIO
TRIUNFO
SANTO ANTÔ
‘ NIO DA PATRULHA
GRAVATAÍ GLORINHA
CANOAS
CACHOEIRINHA
PORTO
ALEGRE
VIAMÃO
GUAÍBA
ARROIO DOS RATOS
SÃO JERÔNIMO
MHDI
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
No information about the HDU Km
0 10 20
74
2010
Population: 4.031.688 (37,7% of the total
for the state)
GDP: R$112,08 billion (44,4% of the total
for the state)
Population density: 389,69 inhabit. /km²
MHDI: 0,762
IGREJINHA
Education MHDI: 0,649
SÃO
SEBASTIÃO
DO CAÍ
IVOTI DOIS
IRMÃOS SAPIRANGA
NOVA HARTZ
Longevity MHDI: 0,855
ESTÂNCIA
VELHA
ARARICÁ
ROLANTE
Income MHDI: 0,797
PAROBÉ
CAMPO TAQUARA
MONTENEGRO PORTÃO BOM
CAPELA DE SANTANA
NOVO HAMBURGO
SAPUCAIA
DO SUL
Porto Alegre
NOVA SANTA RITA
ESTEIO
TRIUNFO
SANTO ANTÔ
‘ NIO DA PATRULHA
GRAVATAÍ GLORINHA
CANOAS
CACHOEIRINHA
PORTO
Region
ALEGRE
VIAMÃO
GUAÍBA
ARROIO DOS RATOS
SÃO JERÔNIMO
MHDI
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
Km No information about the HDU
0 10 20
75
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ATLAS IN THE BRAZILIAN METROPOLITAN AREAS
In 2000, the Porto Alegre MR presented a MHDI of 0.685 and was situated in the Medium Human
31% 33%
Development range. However, in 2010 the MR presented a MHDI of 0.762, moving up to the High
34%
Human Development range. 14% 36%
28%
14%
The Education MHDI, in 2000, was 0.524 and increased to 0.649 in 2010. The Longevity MHDI was 7% 4%
0.809 and in 2010 it corresponded to 0.855. The Income MHDI was 0.758 and increased to 0.797. Very low Low Medium High Very high
0,900
37%
0,800
39%
0,700
MHDI
0,600
Longevity Education Income 0,500
0,400
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
0,300
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
HDU
2000 2010
76
The Highest and Lowest MHDIs In relation to the variation of these indexes, Graph 5 presents the distribution and
concentration of the data for the nucleus-municipality of the MR, Porto Alegre, and other
Analyzing the distribution of MHDI results from 2000 in the Porto Alegre MR, one can note
metropolitan municipalities identified on the graph as the vicinities.
that a large part of the HDUs with higher MHDI values is situated in the central areas of the
MR central portion, while the largest part of HDUs with lower MHDI values is located in the Graph 5: box plot of the 2000/2010 MHDI in the HDUs
vicinities of the nucleus-municipality of the MR. The HDUs corresponding to the lowest Human
2000 2010
Development ranges are in the municipalities of Alvorada, Guaíba and Nova Hamburgo. 1,00
0,90
In relation to the 2010 MHDI one can observe that the HDUs with highest MHDI value
0,80
expand to the north portion of the MR. The lowest MHDI values are in the HDUs in the
central portion of the Porto Alegre MR, concentrated in the municipalities of Canoas, 0,70
MHDI
Nova Hamburgo and Porto Alegre. 0,60
0,50
In considering Graph 4, one can see the dynamic of the MHDI values for the Porto Alegre 0,40
MR. In the period between 2000 and 2010 there was a reduction in the number of HDUs
0,30
with a Low or Very Low MHDI. On the other hand, it can be noted that there was an increase Vicinities Porto Alegre Vicinities Porto Alegre
in the number of HDUs with a High or Very High MHDI. The graph suggests that the HDU Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
performance in the Porto Alegre MR improved during that period.
In the case of the nucleus-municipality, in 2000 the MHDI varied between 0.453 and 0.934,
Graph 4: histogram of the frequency of the 2000/2010 human development ranges when half of the HDUs possessed a MHDI between 0.539 and 0.806. In 2010, the MHDI
300 varied between 0.593 and 0.958, in other words, amplitude was smaller than in 2000, and
250 half of the HDUs presented indexes between 0.654 and 0.862. There was, thus, a reduction
in the total data amplitude, associated with an increase in the MHDI.
200
Frequency
150 In the case of the remaining municipalities, in 2000 half of the HDUs had a MHDI
100 between 0.542 and 0.664. In 2010, this interval was between 0.653 and 0.763. In these
50
municipalities, in 2000 the MHDI varied between 0.453 and 0.863, which in 2010 varied
between 0.594 and 0,938. One can note, in this case, a reduction in the total amplitude of
0
77
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ATLAS IN THE BRAZILIAN METROPOLITAN AREAS
ROLANTE
Sarandi: Vila Santíssima Trindade 0,593
ARARICÁ
ESTÂNCIA
VELHA
PAROBÉ
Vila Nova: Condomínio Cristal / Socioambiental 0,593
CAMPO TAQUARA
MHDI MONTENEGRO PORTÃO BOM Vila Nova: Cristiano Kraemer / Cinco Mil Cento e Vinte 0,593
CAPELA DE SANTANA
1st Quintile • 0,000 - 0,644 NOVO HAMBURGO
Vila Nova: Kanazawa I e II 0,593
HDUs with highest Longevity MHDI
2nd Quintile • 0,645 - 0,704 SÃO LEOPOLDO
UDH IDHM-L
3rd Quintile • 0,705 - 0,739 Bela Vista 0,952
SAPUCAIA
4th Quintile • 0,740 - 0,828 DO SUL Belem Novo: Mário Carvalho 0,952
NOVA SANTA RITA
ESTEIO
TRIUNFO Independência: André Puente 0,952
5th Quintile • 0,829 - 1,000 SANTO ANTÔ
‘ NIO DA PATRULHA
GRAVATAÍ GLORINHA Menino Deus: Ganzo / Visconde do Herval 0,952
CANOAS
CACHOEIRINHA Moinhos de Vento 0,952
Rio Branco: IPA 0,952
ALVORADA
Três Figueiras 0,952
CHARQUEADAS
Vila Ipiranga: Iguatemi / Germânia 0,952
HDUs with lowest Longevity MHDI
ELDORADO DO SUL
UDH IDHM-L
Guajuviras A 0,754
PORTO
ALEGRE Harmonia / Centro 0,754
São Luiz 0,754
VIAMÃO
GUAÍBA HDUs with highest Education MHDI
ARROIO DOS RATOS
UDH IDHM-E
Cidade Baixa 0,947
HDUs with lowest Education MHDI
SÃO JERÔNIMO UDH IDHM-E
Mathias Velho / Harmonia 0,424
Rondônia A 0,424
Industrial 0,424
Rincão 0,424
Diehl / São José 0,424
Rincão / Rondônia 0,424
Highest and Lowest MHDI in the Porto Alegre MR (2010) HDUs with highest Income MHDI
UDH IDHM-R
Bela Vista 1,000
HDUs with highest MHDI HDUs with lowest MHDI
Belem Novo: Mário Carvalho 1,000
UDH IDHM UDH IDHM
Boa Vista (bairro) 1,000
Bela Vista 0,958 Arquipélago: Ilha Grande dos Marinheiros 0,593 Chácara das Pedras 1,000
Belem Novo: Mário Carvalho 0,958 Arquipélago: Ilhas do Pavão e dos Marinheiros 0,593 Independência: André Puente 1,000
Boa Vista (bairro) 0,958 Belem Novo: Vila Esperança 0,593 Ipanema: Dea Coufal / Parque Residencial Knorr / Jardim
1,000
do Sol
Chácara das Pedras 0,958 Floresta: Loteamento Santa Terezinha / Vila Central 0,593
Jardim Isabel 1,000
Independência: André Puente 0,958 Humaitá: Vila Santo André / Adubos Trevo 0,593
Menino Deus: Ganzo / Visconde do Herval 1,000
Km Ipanema: Dea Coufal / Parque Residencial Knorr / Jardim Mário Quintana: Chico Mendes 0,593
0,958 Moinhos de Vento 1,000
0 10 20 do Sol
Mário Quintana: Recanto do Sabiá 0,593 Mont´Serrat 1,000
Jardim Isabel 0,958
Mário Quintana: Vila Jardim Protásio Alves 0,593 Rio Branco: IPA 1,000
Menino Deus: Ganzo / Visconde do Herval 0,958
Praia de Belas: Vila Chocolatão / Vila Aldeia 0,593 Três Figueiras 1,000
Moinhos de Vento 0,958
Restinga: Quinta Unidade 0,593 Vila Ipiranga: Iguatemi / Germânia 1,000
Mont´Serrat 0,958 HDUs with highest Income MHDI
The quintiles refer to the pooling of Restinga: Vale do Salso 0,593
Rio Branco: IPA 0,958 UDH IDHM-R
Restinga: Vila Castelo 0,593
data in five equal parts, so that each Três Figueiras 0,958 Guajuviras A 0,618
Rubem Berta: Vila Amazônia 0,593 Harmonia / Centro 0,618
sampling comprises 20% of the data. Vila Ipiranga: Iguatemi / Germânia 0,958
Santa Tereza: Vila Ecológica 0,593 São Luiz 0,618
78
RORAIMA
AMAPÁ
AMAZONAS
PA R Á MARANHÃO
CEARÁ
RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE
PA R A Í B A
ACRE
ALAGOAS
TOCANTIN S
RONDÔNIA SERGIPE
BAHIA
M AT O G R O S S O
DF
GOIÁS
MINAS GERAIS
ESPÍRI TO
M AT O G R O S S O
SANTO
DO SUL
SÃ O PAUL O
RIO DE
JANEIRO
PA R A N Á
S A N TA C ATA R I N A
RIO GRANDE
DO SUL
Recife
Metropolitan Region
2000
Population: 3.337.548 (42,6% of the total
for the state) ITAPISSUMA
ILHA DE
ITAMARACÁ
GDP: R$ 17,6 billion (60,7% of the total for
the state) ARAÇOIABA
The MHDI in
CAMARAGIBE
OLINDA
Metropolitan
Region
MORENO
JABOATÃO DOS GUARARAPES
MHDI
Very High IPOJUCA
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
No information about the HDU
80
2010
Population: 3.690.547 (41,7% of the total
ITAPISSUMA
ILHA DE
for the state)
ITAMARACÁ
GDP: R$ 61,4 billion (64,6% of the total for
ARAÇOIABA
the state)
IGARASSU
Population density: 1.330,52 inhabit. /km²
ABREU E LIMA
MHDI: 0,734
Education MHDI: 0,662
Longevity MHDI: 0,813
PAULISTA
Income MHDI: 0,736
The MHDI in
CAMARAGIBE
OLINDA
RECIFE
the Recife
Metropolitan
Region
MORENO
JABOATÃO DOS GUARARAPES
MHDI
IPOJUCA
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
No information about the HDU
81
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ATLAS IN THE BRAZILIAN METROPOLITAN AREAS
In 2000, the Recife MR presented a MHDI of 0.627 and was situated in the Medium Human
26% 38%
Development range. However, in 2010 the MR presented a MHDI of 0.734, moving up to the
34%
High Human Development range. 21% 37%
21%
11% 8%
The Education MHDI, in 2000, was 0.490 and increased to 0.662 in 2010. The Longevity 4%
MHDI was 0.738 and in 2010 it corresponded to 0.813. The Income MHDI was 0.683 and Very low Low Medium High Very high
Between 2000 and 2010 the dimension that evolved most, in absolute terms, was the Graph 2 shows that between 2000 and 2010 there is a concentration of HDUs in the highest
Education dimension, which registered an increase of 0,172. Below is the contribution of the human development ranges, with a reduction in the interval of results found between the HDUs that
different dimensions for the MHDI in 2000 and 2010. presented elevated levels and the HDUs that presented the lowest indexes.
Graph 1: contribution of the components to the 2000/2010 MHDI Graph 3 presents the distribution of results of the MHDI in the Recife MR for 2000 and 2010. The
2000 2010 attenuation of the distribution curve in 2010 in relation to the curve in 2000 gives evidence of the
retraction of inequality between its HDUs in the period.
26%
30% Graph 3: 2000/2010 MHDI distribution
33%
36%
1,000
0,900
0,800
37% 0,700
MHDI
38%
0,600
0,500
0,300
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014. 0 100 200 300 400
HDU
2000 2010
82
The Highest and Lowest MHDIs In relation to the variation of these indexes, Graph 5 presents the distribution and
concentration of the data for the nucleus-municipality of the Recife MR and other metropolitan
Analyzing the distribution of MHDI results from 2000 in the Recife MR, one can note that a
municipalities identified on the graph as the vicinities.
large part of the HDUs with higher MHDI values is situated in the MR urban nuclei and coastal
zone of the surrounding municipalities, like Jaboatão dos Guararapes and Olinda, while the Graph 5: box plot of the 2000/2010 MHDI in the HDUs
largest part of HDUs with lower MHDI values is spread in the outskirts of the Metropolitan
2000 2010
Region toward the inlands. In relation to the 2010 MHDI one can observe that the HDUs with 1,00
highest MHDI value are in the coastal area of several municipalities and in the central portion 0,90
of Recife and Camaragibe. The lowest MHDI values, in turn, are in the HDUs located in the 0,80
outskirts of the Recife MR distributed over several municipalities. 0,70
MHDI
0,60
In considering Graph 4, one can see the dynamic of the MHDI values for the Recife MR. In the
0,50
period between 2000 and 2010 there was a reduction in the number of HDUs with a Low or
0,40
Very Low MHDI. On the other hand, it can be noted that there was an increase in the number
of HDUs with a High or Very High MHDI. The graph suggests that the HDU performance in the 0,30
Vicinities Recife Vicinities Recife
Recife MR improved during that period.
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
100
data amplitude, associated with an increase in the MHDI.
80
60 In the case of the remaining municipalities, in 2000 half of the HDUs had a MHDI
40
between 0.515 and 0.663. In 2010, this interval was between 0.638 and 0.772. In these
20
0 municipalities, in 2000 the MHDI varied between 0.349 and 0.908, while in 2010 it varied
Very low Low Medium High Very high between 0.523 and 0.951. One can note, in this case, a reduction in the total amplitude of
MHDI – Human Development Ranges the data, associated with an increase of the MHDI of the HDUs in the period.
2000 2010
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014. The greatest advance (absolute growth) among the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities
occurred in the Vilas do Cabo (Cabo de Santo Agostinho/PE) HDU with amplitude of 0.198,
while to the nucleus-municipality the Apipucos /Macaxeira: Fábrica da Macaxeira / Açude
Inequality in the Recife MR Apipucos / Zeis Apipucos / Zeis Vila São João HDU presented the greatest growth with an
In analyzing the level of MHDI inequality between the HDUs in the Recife MR, in absolute increase of 0.154. The average MHDI values verified in the capital presented an evolution
terms, one can see the difference between the lowest and highest MHDI. In 2000 it was of 0.123. The average for the surrounding area presented lower evolution than that
0.560, which fell to 0.432 in 2010. verified for the nucleus-municipality, equal to 0.119. The amplitude for the set of HDUs
reduced less in the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities than among the HDUs for the
metropolitan nucleus-municipality.
83
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ATLAS IN THE BRAZILIAN METROPOLITAN AREAS
Map of Quintiles (2010) Highest and Lowest MHDI in the Recife MR (2010)
SÃO LOURENÇO DA MATA Área Rural: Ipojuca / Nossa Senhora do Ó / Camela 0,523 Jaqueira / Parnamirim / Santana / Casa Forte / Poço /
Monteiro: Zeis Poço da Panela, Esperança / Cabocó / 1,000
Área Rural: Barragem Tapacura / Goitá 0,550 Inaldo Martins
RECIFE
Matriz da Luz 0,550 Piedade: Orla / Av. Barreto de Menezes 1,000
Penedo / Parque Capibaribe (Penedo / Beira Rio) 0,550 Piedade: Orla / Hotel Dorisol 1,000
Área Rural: Barragens Gurjaú / Pirapama / Bita-Utinga 0,559 Rosarinho / Encruzilhada: Av. Santos Dumont 1,000
MORENO
JABOATÃO DOS GUARARAPES
DIPER / DI Santo Estevão 0,559 São Francisco: Sapucaia / Rua da Olaria 1,000
Distrito Industrial de Suape / Engenho Tiriri 0,559 HDUs with highest Income MHDI
Juçaral 0,559 UDH IDHM-R
HDUs with highest Longevity MHDI Área Rural: Barragem Tapacura / Goitá 0,532
UDH IDHM-L Matriz da Luz 0,532
CABO DE SANTO AGOSTINHO
Boa Viagem / Pina: Orla 0,951 Penedo / Parque Capibaribe (Penedo / Beira Rio) 0,532
Piedade: Orla / Av. Barreto de Menezes 0,951
UDH IDHM-L
84
RORAIMA
AMAPÁ
AMAZONAS
PA R Á MARANHÃO
CEARÁ
RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE
PA R A Í B A
ACRE
ALAGOAS
TOCANTIN S
RONDÔNIA SERGIPE
BAHIA
M AT O G R O S S O
DF
GOIÁS
MINAS GERAIS
ESPÍRI TO
M AT O G R O S S O
SANTO
DO SUL
SÃ O PAUL O
RIO DE
JANEIRO
PA R A N Á
S A N TA C ATA R I N A
RIO GRANDE
DO SUL
Rio de Janeiro
Metropolitan Region
2000
Population: 10.964.296 (76% of the total
for the state)
GDP: R$ 107,3 billion (77,9% of the total
for the state)
Population density: 1.627,45 inhabit. /km²
MHDI: 0,686
Education MHDI: 0,548
Longevity MHDI: 0,775
Income MHDI: 0,759
Rio de Janeiro
GUAPIMIRIM
MAGÉ
PARACAMBI
DUQUE DE CAXIAS
Metropolitan
JAPERI
NOVA IGUAÇU
Region
QUEIMADOS
BELFORD ROXO
RIO BONITO
ITABORAÍ
SEROPÉDICA
SÃO JOÃ O TANGUÁ
DE MERITI
MESQUITA
ITAGUAÍ
NITERÓI MARICÁ
RIO DE JANEIRO
MHDI
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
No information about the HDU
86
2010
Population: 11.945.976 (74,7% of the total
for the state)
GDP: R$ 276,9 billion (68% of the total for
the state)
Population density: 1.773,1 inhabit. /km²
MHDI: 0,771
Education MHDI: 0,686
Longevity MHDI: 0,839
Income MHDI: 0,796
CACHOEIRAS DE MACACU
MAGÉ
PARACAMBI
DUQUE DE CAXIAS
Metropolitan
JAPERI
NOVA IGUAÇU
Region
QUEIMADOS
BELFORD ROXO
RIO BONITO
ITABORAÍ
SEROPÉDICA
SÃO JOÃ O TANGUÁ
DE MERITI
MESQUITA
ITAGUAÍ
NITERÓI MARICÁ
RIO DE JANEIRO
MHDI
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
No information about the HDU
87
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ATLAS IN THE BRAZILIAN METROPOLITAN AREAS
In 2000, the Rio de Janeiro MR presented a MHDI of 0.686 and was situated in the Medium
28% 37%
Human Development range. However, in 2010 the MR presented a MHDI of 0.771, moving
37%
up to the High Human Development range. 22% 37%
26%
9%
The Education MHDI, in 2000, was 0.548 and increased to 0.686 in 2010. The Longevity 4% 1%
MHDI was 0.775 and in 2010 it corresponded to 0.839. The Income MHDI was 0.759 and Very low Low Medium High Very high
Between 2000 and 2010 the dimension that evolved most, in absolute terms, was the Graph 2 shows that between 2000 and 2010 there is a concentration of HDUs in the highest
Education dimension, which registered an increase of 0.138. Below is the contribution of human development ranges, with a reduction in the interval of results found between the HDUs that
the different dimensions for the MHDI in 2000 and 2010. presented elevated levels and the HDUs that presented the lowest indexes.
Graph 1: contribution of the components to the 2000/2010 MHDI Graph 3 presents the distribution of results of the MHDI in the Rio de Janeiro MR for 2000 and 2010.
2000 2010 The attenuation of the distribution curve in 2010 in relation to the curve in 2000 gives evidence of the
retraction of inequality between its HDUs in the period.
26%
30% Graph 3: 2000/2010 MHDI distribution
34%
37%
1,000
0,900
0,800
36% 0,700
MHDI
37%
0,600
0,500
0,300
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014. 0 500 1000 1500 2000
HDU
2000 2010
88
The Highest and Lowest MHDIs Graph 5: box plot of the 2000/2010 MHDI in the HDUs
2000 2010
Analyzing the distribution of MHDI results from 2000 in the Rio de Janeiro MR, one can note
1,00
that a large part of the HDUs with higher MHDI values is situated in the central areas of the MR,
0,90
while the largest part of HDUs with lower MHDI values is located in the vicinities of the MR.
0,80
Regarding the MHDI for 2010 one can observe that a large part of the HDUs of higher MHDI is 0,70
MHDI
in the municipalities of Niterói and Rio de Janeiro. On the other hand, the lowest MHDI values 0,60
are in the HDUs in the vicinities of the Rio de Janeiro MR, concentrated in the municipalities of 0,50
Itaboraí, Queimados and Japeri. In considering Graph 4, one can see the dynamic of the MHDI 0,40
In the period between 2000 and 2010 there was a reduction in the number of HDUs with Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
a Low or Very Low MHDI. On the other hand, it can be noted that there was an increase
in the number of HDUs with a High or Very High MHDI. The graph suggests that the HDU In the case of the nucleus-municipality, in 2000 the MHDI varied between 0.469 and 0.927,
performance in the Rio de Janeiro MR improved during that period. when half of the HDUs possessed a MHDI between 0.586 and 0.762. In 2010, the MHDI varied
between 0.604 and 0.959, in other words, amplitude was smaller than in 2000, and half of the
Graph 4: histogram of the frequency of the 2000/2010 human development ranges HDUs presented indexes between 0.687 and 0.834. There was, thus, a reduction in the total
900 data amplitude, associated with an increase in the MHDI.
800
700 In the case of the remaining municipalities, in 2000 half of the HDUs had an MHDI between
600 0.542 and 0.665. In 2010, this interval was between 0.661 and 0.763. In these municipalities,
Frequency
500
in 2000 the MHDI varied between 0.470 and 0.930, while in 2010 it varied between 0.591 and
400
200 0.962. One can note, in this case, a reduction in the total amplitude of the data, associated
200 with an increase of the MHDI of the HDUs in the period.
100
0 The greatest advance (absolute growth) among the HDUs in surrounding municipalities
Very low Low Medium High Very high
occurred in the Itaguai (Itaguai/RJ), Charitas, Morro do Rato Molhado / Rua Santo Amaro,
MHDI – Human Development Ranges
Largo da Batalha, Pé Pequeno and Ingá (Niterói/RJ) HDUs with amplitude of 0.185, while to
2000 2010
the nucleus-municipality the São Cristóvão / Estação Leopoldina, Parque Estadual do Grajaú,
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
Formiga / Beco da Coruja, Salgueiro / Liberdade / Chacrinha, Morro do Andaraí, Morro do Cruz,
Macacos / Senador Nabuco e Vila Proletária da Penha (part) / Rua São Jorge / Rua São Januário /
Inequality in the Rio de Janeiro MR Rua Nossa Senhora Aparecida / Rua Jacques Maritain HDUs presented the greatest growth with
an increase of 0.174. The average MHDI values verified in the capital presented an evolution
In analyzing the level of MHDI inequality between the HDUs in the Rio de Janeiro MR, in
of 0.070. Even though beginning with a lower standard in 2000, the average for the vicinities
absolute terms, one can see the difference between the lowest and highest MHDI. In 2000 it
presented greater evolution than that verified for the nucleus-municipality, equal to 0.115.
was 0.461, which fell to 0.371 in 2010.
The amplitude for the set of HDUs reduced less in the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities
In relation to the variation of these indexes, Graph 5 presents the distribution and than among the HDUs for the metropolitan nucleus-municipality.
concentration of the data for the nucleus-municipality of the Rio de Janeiro MR and other
metropolitan municipalities identified on the graph as the vicinities.
89
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ATLAS IN THE BRAZILIAN METROPOLITAN AREAS
90
RORAIMA
AMAPÁ
AMAZONAS
PA R Á MARANHÃO
CEARÁ
RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE
PA R A Í B A
ACRE
ALAGOAS
TOCANTIN S
RONDÔNIA SERGIPE
BAHIA
M AT O G R O S S O
DF
GOIÁS
MINAS GERAIS
ESPÍRI TO
M AT O G R O S S O
SANTO
DO SUL
SÃ O PAUL O
RIO DE
JANEIRO
PA R A N Á
S A N TA C ATA R I N A
RIO GRANDE
DO SUL
Salvador
Metropolitan Region
2000
Population: 3.120.303 (23,9% of the total
for the state)
GDP: R$ 24,9 billion (51,6% of the total for
the state) POJUCA
the Salvador
DIAS D'ÁVILA
Metropolitan
CAMAÇARI
CANDEIAS
Region MADRE DE
DEUS
SIMÕES FILHO
LAURO DE FREITAS
SALVADOR
ITAPARICA
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
No information about the HDU
92
2010
Population: 3.573.973 (25,5% of the total
for the state)
GDP: R$ 75,6 billion (49,1% of the total for
POJUCA
the state)
Population density: 820,87 inhabit. /km²
MHDI: 0,743
MATA DE SÃO JOÃO
Education MHDI: 0,661
Longevity MHDI: 0,824
Income MHDI: 0,754
SÃO FRANCISCO
DO CONDE
The MHDI in
the Salvador
DIAS D'ÁVILA
Metropolitan
CAMAÇARI
CANDEIAS
MADRE DE
DEUS
SIMÕES FILHO
Region
LAURO DE FREITAS
SALVADOR
ITAPARICA
93
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ATLAS IN THE BRAZILIAN METROPOLITAN AREAS
In 2000, the Salvador MR presented an MHDI of 0.636 and was situated in the Medium
28% 30%
Human Development range. However, in 2010 the MR presented a MHDI of 0.743, moving
25% 21%
up to the High Human Development range. 33% 32%
14% 12%
The Education MHDI, in 2000, was 0.497 and increased to 0.661 in 2010. The Longevity 4%
MHDI was 0.743 and in 2010 it corresponded to 0.824. The Income MHDI was 0.698 and Very low Low Medium High Very high
Between 2000 and 2010 the dimension that evolved most, in absolute terms, was the Graph 2 shows that between 2000 and 2010 there is a concentration of Human Development
Education dimension, which registered an increase of 0.164. Below is the contribution of the Units (HDUs) in the highest human development ranges, with a reduction in the interval of
different dimensions for the MHDI in 2000 and 2010. results found between the HDUs that presented the highest levels and the HDUs that presented
the lowest indexes.
Graph 1: contribution of the components to the 2000/2010 MHDI
2000 2010 Graph 3 presents the distribution of results of the MHDI in the Salvador MR for 2000 and
2010. The attenuation of the distribution curve in 2010 in relation to the curve in 2000 gives
evidence of the retraction of inequality between its HDUs in the period.
29%
26% 34%
36%
Graph 3: 2000/2010 MHDI distribution
1,000
0,900
37%
0,800
38%
0,700
MHDI
0,600
Longevity Education Income 0,500
0,400
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
0,300
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
HDU
2000 2010
94
The Highest and Lowest MHDIs In relation to the variation of these indexes, Graph 5 presents the distribution and
concentration of the data for the nucleus-municipality of the MR, Salvador, and other
Analyzing the distribution of MHDI results from 2000 in the Salvador MR, one can note that
metropolitan municipalities identified on the graph as the vicinities.
a large part of the HDUs with higher MHDI values is situated in the MR urban nuclei as well
as on the coastal area, while the largest part of HDUs with lower MHDI values is in the center Graph 5: box plot of the 2000/2010 MHDI in the HDUs
of the MR. The HDUs corresponding to the lowest Human Development ranges are in the
2000 2010
municipalities of Pojuca, Dias D´Avila, Candeias, Camaçari and Simões Filho. 1,00
0,90
In relation to the 2010 MHDI one can observe that the HDUs with highest MHDI value are in
0,80
the nucleus-municipality of the MR and on the coastal area of the surrounding municipalities.
0,70
The lowest MHDI values, in turn, are in the HDUs in different parts of the Salvador MR
MHDI
0,60
concentrated in the municipalities of Vera Cruz, Camaçari and São Sebastião do Passé.
0,50
In considering Graph 4, one can see the dynamic of the MHDI values for the Salvador MR. 0,40
In the period between 2000 and 2010 there was a reduction in the number of HDUs with 0,30
a Low or Very Low MHDI. On the other hand, it can be noted that there was an increase Vicinities Salvador Vicinities Salvador
in the number of HDUs with a High or Very High MHDI. The graph suggests that the HDU Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
80
In the case of the remaining municipalities, in 2000 half of the HDUs had a MHDI between
60
0.500 and 0.621. In 2010, this interval was between 0.635 and 0.755. In these municipalities,
40
in 2000 the MHDI varied between 0.434 and 0.885, while in 2010 it varied between 0.584 and
20
0.934. One can note, in this case, a reduction in the total amplitude of the data, associated with
0 an increase of the MHDI of the HDUs in the period.
Very low Low Medium High Very high
MHDI – Human Development Ranges The greatest advance (absolute growth) among the HDUs in the surrounding municipalities
2000 2010
occurred in the Polo Petroquímico/ Mar e Rios / Vale da Landirana/ Barra do Jacuípe/ Sítio Boa
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014. Esperança/ Várzea da Meira/ Coqueiros de Monte Gordo/ São Bento (Camaçari/BA) HDU with
amplitude of 0.162, while to the nucleus-municipality the Ilha de Maré: Santana HDU presented
the greatest growth with an increase of 0.176. The average MHDI values verified in the capital
Inequality in the Salvador MR
presented an evolution of 0.113. Even though beginning with a lower standard in 2000, the
In analyzing the level of MHDI inequality between the HDUs in the Salvador MR, in absolute average for the surrounding area presented greater evolution than that verified for the nucleus-
terms, one can see the difference between the lowest and highest MHDI. In 2000 it was 0.474, municipality, equal to 0.114. The amplitude for the set of HDUs reduced more in the HDUs of
which fell to 0.381 in 2010. the surrounding municipalities than among the HDUs for the metropolitan nucleus-municipality.
95
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ATLAS IN THE BRAZILIAN METROPOLITAN AREAS
UDH IDHM-L
POJUCA
Brotas / Rio Vermelho: Horto Florestal 0,940
Itaigara 0,940
MATA DE SÃO JOÃO
Patamares 0,940
Vitória 0,940
UDH IDHM-L
SÃO SEBASTIÃO DO PASSÉ
Chapada do Rio Vermelho / Santa Cruz: Hospital Aliança 0,959 Barra do Pojuca: Bom Jesus / Lagoa Seca / Tiririca /
0,467
Itapecerica / Baratas / Vila Camaçari
LAURO DE FREITAS
Ondina 0,959
HDUs with highest Income MHDI
Brotas / Rio Vermelho: Horto Florestal 0,952
SALVADOR UDH IDHM-R
ITAPARICA
Caminho das Árvores 0,952
Brotas / Rio Vermelho: Horto Florestal 1,000
Itaigara 0,952
Caminho das Árvores 1,000
Patamares 0,952
Candeal: Cidade Jardim 1,000
VERA CRUZ
Vitória 0,952
Chapada do Rio Vermelho / Santa Cruz: Hospital Aliança 1,000
HDUs with lowest MHDI
MHDI Itaigara 1,000
UDH IDHM
1st Quintile • 0,000 - 0,646 Ondina 1,000
Ilha de Maré 0,578
2nd Quintile • 0,647 - 0,712 Patamares 1,000
Ilha dos Frades 0,578
3rd Quintile • 0,713 - 0,775 Pituba 1,000
Nova Constituinte 0,578
4th Quintile • 0,776 - 0,854 Vitória 1,000
Aratu / Ilha de São João: São Raimundo 0,584
5th Quintile • 0,855 - 1,000 HDUs with highest Income MHDI
Coroa da Lagoa / Baixa da Jaqueira / Cia II: Riacho Doce
0,584
/ Milagre de Santa Luzia UDH IDHM-R
The quintiles refer to the pooling of data in five equal parts, Santo Antônio do Rio das Pedras 0,584 Nova Constituinte 0,559
96
RORAIMA
AMAPÁ
AMAZONAS
PA R Á MARANHÃO
CEARÁ
RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE
PA R A Í B A
ACRE
ALAGOAS
TOCANTIN S
RONDÔNIA SERGIPE
BAHIA
M AT O G R O S S O
DF
GOIÁS
MINAS GERAIS
ESPÍRI TO
M AT O G R O S S O
SANTO
DO SUL
SÃ O PAUL O
RIO DE
JANEIRO
PA R A N Á
S A N TA C ATA R I N A
RIO GRANDE
DO SUL
The MHDI in
the Greater ALCÂNTARA
São Luís
Metropolitan
RAPOSA
SÃO LUIZ
MHDI
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
No information about the HDU
98
2010
Population: 1.331.181 (20,2% of the total
for the state)
GDP: R$ 18,9 billion (42% of the total for
the state)
Population density: 459,2 inhabit. /km²
MHDI: 0,755
Education MHDI: 0,737
Longevity MHDI: 0,809
Income MHDI: 0,721
The MHDI in
ALCÂNTARA
the Greater
São Luís
Metropolitan
RAPOSA
PAÇO DO LUMIAR
Region
SÃO LUIZ
MHDI
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
No information about the HDU
99
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ATLAS IN THE BRAZILIAN METROPOLITAN AREAS
Greater São Luís MR Evolution of the MHDI in the Greater São Luís MR
Created in 1998 by Federal Complementary Law Nº 38/98, the Greater São Luís Metropolitan In 2000, 12% of the Human Development Units (HDUs) in the Greater São Luís MR were in
Region (MR) is composed of five municipalities and covers an area of 2,899 km². the Very High Human Development range, while 23% were in the High Human Development
range. In 2010 these proportions corresponded, respectively, to 40% and 39%. In the same
In 2010, the Greater São Luís MR had a degree of urbanization of 82%. Nearly 20% of the
period, the percentage of HDUs in the Low Human Development range fell from 26% to 1%
state population resided in the MR. In 2010, the MR nucleus-municipality, São Luís, answered
and the percentage of HDUs in the Very Low Human Development range fell from 4% to
for 76% of the metropolitan population. The rate of population growth for the Greater São
0%, as shown in Graph 2.
Luís MR between 2000 and 2010 was 2% per year.
Graph 2: distribution of the HDUs according to the 2000/2010 MHDI range
In 2000, the Greater São Luís MR presented a MHDI of 0.642 and was situated in the Medium 35% 39%
Human Development range. However, in 2010 the MR presented a MHDI of 0.755, moving up 26% 23%
40%
to the High Human Development range. 20%
4% 12%
1%
The Education MHDI, in 2000, was 0.560 and increased to 0.737 in 2010. The Longevity
Very low Low Medium High Very high
MHDI was 0.729 and in 2010 it corresponded to 0.809. The Income MHDI was 0.647 and
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
increased to 0.721.
Graph 2 shows that between 2000 and 2010 there is a concentration of HDUs in the highest Human
Between 2000 and 2010 the dimension that evolved most, in absolute terms, was the
Development ranges, with a reduction in the interval of results found between the HDUs that
Education dimension, which registered an increase of 0.177. Below is the contribution of the
presented elevated levels and the HDUs that presented the lowest indexes.
different dimensions for the MHDI in 2000 and 2010.
Graph 3 presents the distribution of results of the MHDI in the Greater São Luís MR for 2000 and
Graph 1: contribution of the components to the 2000/2010 MHDI
2010. The attenuation of the distribution curve in 2010 in relation to the curve in 2000 gives evidence
2000 2010
of the retraction of inequality between its HDUs in the period.
0,900
0,800
0,700
MHDI
36%
0,600
38%
0,500
0,400
Longevity Education Income 0,300
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014. HDU
2000 2010
100
The Highest and Lowest MHDIs In relation to the variation of these indexes, Graph 5 presents the distribution and
concentration of the data for the nucleus-municipality of the Greater São Luís MR and other
Analyzing the distribution of MHDI results from 2000 in the Greater São Luís MR, one can note
metropolitan municipalities identified on the graph as the vicinities.
that a large part of the HDUs with higher MHDI values is situated in the nucleus-municipality of
the MR, while the largest part of HDUs with lower MHDI values is located in the vicinities of the Graph 5: box plot of the 2000/2010 MHDI in the HDUs
Metropolitan Region. The HDUs corresponding to the lowest Human Development ranges are
2000 2010
in the municipalities of Alcântara, São Luís and Raposa. 1,00
0,90
In relation to the 2010 MHDI one can observe that the HDUs with highest MHDI value are in
0,80
the nucleus-municipality of the MR. The lowest MHDI values, in turn, are in the HDUs located in
0,70
the different portions of the Greater São Luís MR concentrated in the municipality of Alcântara.
MHDI
0,60
In considering Graph 4, one can see the dynamic of the MHDI values for the Greater São Luís 0,50
MR. In the period between 2000 and 2010 there was a reduction in the number of HDUs 0,40
with a Low or Very Low MHDI. On the other hand, it can be noted that there was an increase 0,30
in the number of HDUs with a High or Very High MHDI. The graph suggests that the HDU Vicinities São Luís Vicinities São Luís
performance in the Greater São Luís MR improved during that period. Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
Graph 4: histogram of the frequency of the 2000/2010 human development ranges In the case of the nucleus-municipality, in 2000 the MHDI varied between 0.476 and 0.866,
60 when half of the HDUs possessed a MHDI between 0.611 and 0.748. In 2010, the MHDI varied
between 0.602 and 0.948, in other words, amplitude was smaller than in 2000, and half of the
50
HDUs presented indexes between 0.723 and 0.846. There was, thus, a reduction in the total
40
data amplitude, associated with an increase in the MHDI.
Frequency
30
In the case of the remaining municipalities, in 2000 half of the HDUs had a MHDI between
20
0.533 and 0.699. In 2010, this interval was between 0.664 and 0.799. In these municipalities,
10
in 2000 the MHDI varied between 0.405 and 0.784, while in 2010 it varied between 0.573 and
0 0.905. One can note, in this case, a reduction in the total amplitude of the data, associated
Very low Low Medium High Very high
with an increase of the MHDI of the HDUs in the period.
MHDI – Human Development Ranges
2000 2010
The greatest advance (absolute growth) among the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
occurred in the Raposa HDU (Raposa/MA) with amplitude of 0.186 while to the nucleus-
municipality the Cidade Olímpica HDU presented the greatest growth with an increase of
Inequality in the Greater São Luís MR 0.192. The average MHDI values verified in the capital presented an evolution of 0.093. Even
though beginning with a lower standard in 2000, the average for the vicinities presented
In analyzing the level of MHDI inequality between the HDUs in the Greater São Luís MR, in
greater evolution than that verified for the nucleus-municipality, equal to 0.151. The amplitude
absolute terms, one can see the difference between the lowest and highest MHDI. In 2000 it
for the set of HDUs reduced more in the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities than among
was 0.461, which fell to 0.375 in 2010.
the HDUs for the metropolitan nucleus-municipality.
101
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ATLAS IN THE BRAZILIAN METROPOLITAN AREAS
Map of Quintiles (2010) Highest and Lowest MHDI in the Greater São Luís MR (2010)
102
RORAIMA
AMAPÁ
AMAZONAS
PA R Á MARANHÃO
CEARÁ
RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE
PA R A Í B A
ACRE
ALAGOAS
TOCANTIN S
RONDÔNIA SERGIPE
BAHIA
M AT O G R O S S O
DF
GOIÁS
MINAS GERAIS
ESPÍRI TO
M AT O G R O S S O
SANTO
DO SUL
SÃ O PAUL O
RIO DE
JANEIRO
PA R A N Á
S A N TA C ATA R I N A
RIO GRANDE
DO SUL
São Paulo
Metropolitan Region
2000
Population: 17.878.812 (48,3% of the total
for the state)
GDP: R$ 243,18 billion (65,6% of the total
for the state)
Population density: 2.249,68 inhabit. /km²
MHDI: 0,714 FRANCISCO
CAJAMAR
The MHDI in
SANTANA DE PARNAÍBA
ITAQUAQUECETUBA
BARUERI
Metropolitan
VARGEM SUZANO
GRANDE TABOÃ O S.C.
BIRITIBA-MIRIM
PAULISTA DA SERRA DO SUL
EMBU
MAUÍ
Region
DIADEMA
COTIA
RIBEIRÃ O PIRES
RIO GRANDE
ITAPECERICA DA SERRA DA SERRA
SANTO ANDRÉ
EMBU-GUAÇU
SÃO LOURENÇO DA SERRA
JUQUITIBA
MHDI
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
No information about the HDU
104
2010
Population: 19.683.975 (47,7% of the total
for the state)
GDP: R$ 701,84 billion (56,6% of the total
for the state)
Population density: 2.476,82 inhabit. /km²
FRANCISCO
MHDI: 0,794
Education MHDI: 0,723
MORATO
SANTA ISABEL
The MHDI in
SANTANA DE PARNAÍBA
ITAQUAQUECETUBA
BARUERI
Metropolitan
VARGEM SUZANO
GRANDE TABOÃ O S.C.
BIRITIBA-MIRIM
PAULISTA DA SERRA DO SUL
EMBU
MAUÍ
Region
DIADEMA
COTIA
RIBEIRÃ O PIRES
RIO GRANDE
ITAPECERICA DA SERRA DA SERRA
SANTO ANDRÉ
EMBU-GUAÇU
SÃO LOURENÇO DA SERRA
JUQUITIBA
MHDI
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
No information about the HDU
105
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ATLAS IN THE BRAZILIAN METROPOLITAN AREAS
0,800
0,700
MHDI
0,600
36%
37% 0,500
0,400
0,300
Longevity Education Income 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
HDU
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014. 2000 2010
106
The Highest and Lowest MHDIs In relation to the variation of these indexes, Graph 5 presents the distribution and
concentration of the data for the nucleus-municipality of the São Paulo MR and other
Analyzing the distribution of MHDI results from 2000 in the São Paulo MR, one can note that
metropolitan municipalities identified on the graph as the vicinities.
a large part of the HDUs with higher MHDI values is situated in the main municipality (central
portion) and in many surrounding municipalities, while the largest part of HDUs with lower Graph 5: box plot of the 2000/2010 MHDI in the HDUs
MHDI values is located in the surrounding areas along the MR frontier.
2000 2010
1,00
In relation to the 2010 MHDI one can observe a notable expansion of the areas with Very High
0,90
and High MHDI values, while some Medium Human Development areas remain concentrated
0,80
northward and southward the MR, additionally to some spread around the central nucleus of
0,70
the main municipality.
MHDI
0,60
In considering Graph 4, one can see the dynamic of the MHDI values for the São Paulo 0,50
MR. In the period between 2000 and 2010 there was a reduction in the number of HDUs 0,40
with a Medium, Low or Very Low MHDI. Thus, it can be noted that there was an increase 0,30
in the number of HDUs with a High or Very High MHDI. The graph suggests that the HDUs Vicinities São Paulo Vicinities São Paulo
performance in the São Paulo MR improved during that period. Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
Graph 4: histogram of the frequency of the 2000/2010 human development ranges In the case of the nucleus-municipality, in 2000 the MHDI varied between 0.479 and 0.932,
1200
when half of the HDUs possessed a MHDI between 0.586 and 0.768. In 2010, the MHDI varied
between 0.625 and 0.965, in other words, amplitude was smaller than in 2000, and half of
1000
the HDUs presented indexes between 0.692 and 0.842. There was, however, a reduction in the
800
total data amplitude, associated with an increase in the MHDI.
Frequency
600
In the case of the remaining municipalities, in 2000 half of the HDUs had an MHDI between
400
0.583 and 0.726. In 2010, this interval was between 0.702 and 0.821. In these municipalities,
200
in 2000 the MHDI varied between 0.508 and 0.909, which in 2010 varied between 0.633 and
0
0.952. One can note, in this case, a reduction in the total amplitude of the data, associated
Very low Low Medium High Very high
with an increase of the MHDI of the HDUs in the period.
MHDI – Human Development Ranges
2000 2010 The greatest advance (absolute growth) among the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014. occurred in the Amoritas HDU (Santo André/SP) with amplitude of 0.191 while to the nucleus-
municipality the Líder HDU presented the greatest growth with an increase of 0.183. The
average MHDI values verified in the capital presented an evolution of 0.095. Even though
Inequality in the São Paulo MR
beginning with a lower standard in 2000, the average for the vicinities presented greater
In analyzing the level of MHDI inequality between the HDUs in the São Paulo MR, in absolute evolution than that verified for the nucleus-municipality, equal to 0.111. The amplitude for the
terms, one can see the difference between the lowest and highest MHDI. In 2000 it was set of HDUs reduced less in the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities than among the HDUs
0.453, which fell to 0.340 in 2010. for the metropolitan nucleus-municipality.
107
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ATLAS IN THE BRAZILIAN METROPOLITAN AREAS
Map of Quintiles (2010) Highest and Lowest MHDI in the São Paulo MR (2010)
UDH IDHM
SANTANA DE PARNAÍBA
HDUs with lowest MHDI
ITAQUAQUECETUBA
UDH IDHM
BARUERI
Jardim Capela: E.E. Professora Amelia Kerr Nogueira 0.625
OSASCO POÁ
ITAPEVI
JANDIRA
CARAPICUÍBA FERRAZ DE
A. E. Carvalho 0,632
VASCONCELOS SALESÓPOLIS
MOGI DAS CRUZES
SÃO PAULO A.E. Carvalho: Escola Municipal Antonio Duarte Almeida 0,632
VARGEM
TABOÃ O S.C.
SUZANO Cidade Líder 0,632
GRANDE BIRITIBA-MIRIM
PAULISTA DA SERRA DO SUL
EMBU
Gleba do Pêssego: Vila Nova Cabaré 0,632
MAUÍ
DIADEMA
Itaquera: Centro de Educação Infantil Irmã Mariana Sala 0,632
COTIA
RIBEIRÃ O PIRES
Itaquera: Lopes Supermercados 0,632
RIO GRANDE
ITAPECERICA DA SERRA DA SERRA
Jardim Eliane 0,632
UDH IDHM-L
108
HDUs with lowest Longevity MHDI Bosque da Saúde 1,000 Jardim Ibirabuera / Giovani Gronchi: Condomínio Vila das Vila Andrade 1,000
1,000
Cores
UDH IDHM-L Brooklin 1,000 Vila Clementino: Estação Santa Cruz 1,000
Jardim Miriam: Condomínio Residencial Cupecê 1,000
Bandeiras: Cecilia Meireles Colégio / Escola de Educação Butantã 1,000 Vila Cordeiro: Escola Estadual Professor Ennio Voz 1,000
0,734
e Recreação Nova Era Ltda Sc Lt Santa Maria Jardim Miriam: Condomínio Residencial Cupecê II 1,000
Campo Belo 1,000 Vila Cordeiro: Escola Nat Gin Bioswin Ltda 1,000
Bel Jardim (C2) 0,734 Jardim Paulistano 1,000
Campo Belo: Hospital Dente de Leite 1,000 Vila Cordeiro: Hospital São Francisco de Assis Sc Ltda 1,000
Bonança Padroeira: Escola de Educação Infantil Sonho de Jardim Paulistano: Delegacia de Polícia Participativa /
0,734 Ceasa / Vila Leopoldina / Vila Hamburguesa 1,000 1,000 Vila Cordeiro: Universidade Anhembi Morumbi 1,000
Crianca S / C L 14ª Delegacia de Polícia
Cidade Munhoz Júnior 0,734 Chácara Itaim: Centro de Integração Empresa-Escol Jardim São Luís / Karapitangui Praia Hotel: Conjunto Vila Curuçá: Escola Estadual Engenheiro Pedro Viriato
1,000 1,000
Teatro Espaço Sociocultural (CIEE) / Cemitério Green 1,000 Residencial Parque das Nações / Rua Gregório Allegri Parigot de Souza / São Francisco Colégio
Cidade Munhoz Júnior / A Bonança 0,734 Business do Brasil Ltda / Jardim Europa
Jardim São Luís / Karapitangui Praia Hotel: Conjunto Vila Madalena: Cemitério São Paulo 1,000
Jardim Helena Maria / D I 0,734 Chácara Itaim: Parque Municipal Mario Pimenta 1,000
1,000 Residencial Parque das Nações / Rua Gregório Allegri
Camargo Vila Madalena: Escola Municipal de Ensino
Jardim Mutinga / Ba 0,734 Jardins / Trianon 1,000 Fundamental Basilio Machado / Escola Municipal de 1,000
Chácara Klabin / Santa Cruz / Vila Clementino 1,000 Escola Municipal Olavo Pezzotti
Jardim Paulista / W 0,734 Jurubatuba: Colégio Magno 1,000
Cidade Ademar: Condomínio Residencial Liberty 1,000 Vila Madalena: Estação Santuário Nossa Senhora de
Jardim São Jorge / Az 0,734 1,000
Juscelino Kubitschek: Gremio Recreativo e Cultural Escola Fátima / Sumaré
Cidade Ademar: Escola Estadual Professor Luiz Simioni de Samba Zum Z / Escola Municipal de Educação Infantil 1,000
Padroeira: Escola de Educacao Infantil Sonho de Crianca 1,000
Sobrinho Oduvaldo Vianna Filho Vila Madalena: Estação Vila Madalena 1,000
S / C L Bandeiras: Cecilia Meireles Colégio / Escola de 0,734
Educação e Recreação Nova Era Ltda Sc Lt Cidade Ademar: Escola Municipal de Educação Infantil Cora Marechal Deodoro: Estação Marechal Deodoro 1,000 Vila Maria: Rua Severa / Rua Magarinos Torres 1,000
1,000
Coralina
Santa Maria Cidade Munhoz Júnior / A 0,734 Moema: Faculdade Ítalo Brasileira 1,000 Vila Mariana 1,000
Cidade Ademar: Hospital Instituto de Psiquiatria
Vila Menck / Ck 0,734 1,000 Vila Nova Conceição / Moema / Jardim Luzitânia /
Comunitaria Morumbi: Jóquei Clube / Estádio do Morumbi 1,000 1,000
Parque Ibirapuera
HDUs with highest Education MHDI Cidade Universitária: Hospital Grupo de Socorristas Maria Museu de Arte de São Paulo (MASP) / Bela Vista 1,000
de Magdala / Hospital Vital Brasil / Hospital Instituto 1,000 Vila Olímpia 1,000
UDH IDHM-E Butanta Pacaembú / Higienópolis 1,000
Vila São Pedro / Condomínio Portal do Brooklin:
Berrini / Vila Funchal: Estação Berrini 0,948 1,000
Clínicas / Trianon 1,000 Pamplona 1,000 Av. Interlagos / Rua José Neves
Jardim Paulistano: Delegacia de Polícia Participativa (14ª Clínicas: Goethe-Institut São Paulo / Cemitério Público do Paraíso 1,000 Vila Socorro: Creche Tupa Maravilha 1,000
0,948 1,000
DP) Redentor
Parque Interlagos: Escola Estadual Gil Vicente 1,000 Vila Sônia: Escola Estadual Dona Ana Rosa de Araujo /
Vila Cordeiro: Escola Nat Gin Bioswin Ltda 0,948 1,000
Condominio Privilege 1,000 Wise Up
Parque Savoy: Condomínio Reserva do Alto 1,000
Vila Madalena: Estação Santuário Nossa Senhora de Consolação 1,000 Vila Sônia: Escola Estadual Professor Andronico de Mello 1,000
0,948
Fátima (Sumaré) Parque Savoy: Condomínio Residencial City Park 1,000
Coruruquara: Condomínio Residencial Morada dos HDUs with highest Income MHDI
Vila Madalena: Estação Vila Madalena 0,948 1,000 Perdizes 1,000
Pinheiros
UDH IDHM-R
HDUs with lowest Education MHDI Cupece / Condomínio Portal do Brooklin: Av. Interlagos 1,000 Pinheiros 1,000
Bel Jardim (C2) 0.608
UDH IDHM-E Cupece / Condomínio Portal do Brooklin: Av. Interlagos / Pinheiros: Centro Brasileiro Britânico 1,000
1,000 Bonança 0.608
Paraisópolis 0,516 Rua Engenheiro Dagoberto Salles Filho
Pontifícia Universidade Católica (PUC) / Cardoso de
1,000
Goiás / Barcelona: Cemitério São Caetano São Caetano Almeida Cidade Munhoz Júnior 0.608
HDUs with highest Income MHDI 1,000
do Sul
Portal do Morumbi 1,000 Jardim Helena Maria / D I 0.608
UDH IDHM-R
Granja Julieta / Chácara Santo Antônio 1,000
Portal do Morumbi: Edifício Villaggio Di Portofino 1,000 Jardim Mutinga / Ba 0.608
Aclimação 1,000
Guarapiranga: Creche Nossa Senhora do Caminho 1,000
Rio Pequeno: Centro de Educação Infantil Nossa Senhora Jardim Paulista / W 0.608
Águia de Haia: Condomínio Alfazemas II 1,000 1,000
Guarapiranga: Parque Atlético Indiano (CAI) 1,000 da Assunção
Jardim São Jorge / Az 0.608
Alphaville Santana / Chácara Das Garças 1,000 Santo Amaro / Chácara Flora 1,000
Jardim / Tamanduateí 3 1,000
Padroeira: Escola de Educação Infantil Sonho de Crianca
Alto da Lapa 1,000 0.608
Jardim Aeroporto: Escola Municipal de Ensino Sumaré 1,000 S/CL
1,000
Alto de Pinheiros 1,000 Fundamental Bernardo O' Higgins
Tamboré / Alphaville Barueri 1,000 Santa Maria 0.608
Bandeirantes 1,000 Jardim Bela Vista / Vila Bastos 1,000
Vieira de Morais: Shopping Campo Belo 1,000 Vila Menck / Ck 0.608
Berrini / Vila Funchal: Estação Berrini 1,000 Jardim Cambará: Escola de Educação Infantil Fazendinha
1,000 Vieira de Morais: União das Instituições Eduçacionais do Bandeiras: Cecilia Meireles Colégio / Escola de Educação
Encantada S / C Lt 1,000 0.608
Estado de São Paulo Unidade Brooklin (Uniesp) e Recreação Nova Era Ltda Sc Lt
Berrini / Vila Funchal: Shopping D & D Decoração e
1,000 Jardim da Glória 1,000
Design Center Vieira de Morais: União das Instituições Eduçacionais do Cidade Munhoz Júnior / A 0.608
1,000
Jardim Europa 1,000 Estado de São Paulo Unidade Brooklin (Uniesp)
Berrini / Vila Funchal: Shopping D & D Decoração e
1,000
Design Center
109
RORAIMA
AMAPÁ
AMAZONAS
PA R Á MARANHÃO
CEARÁ
RIO GRANDE
DO NORTE
PA R A Í B A
ACRE
ALAGOAS
TOCANTIN S
RONDÔNIA SERGIPE
BAHIA
M AT O G R O S S O
DF
GOIÁS
MINAS GERAIS
ESPÍRI TO
M AT O G R O S S O
SANTO
DO SUL
SÃ O PAUL O
RIO DE
JANEIRO
PA R A N Á
S A N TA C ATA R I N A
RIO GRANDE
DO SUL
Greater Vitória
Metropolitan Region
2000
Population: 1.439.137 (46,5% of the total
for the state)
GDP: R$ 13,89 billion (64,5% of the total
for the state) FUNDÃO
SERRA
Region
VIANA
VILA VELHA
MHDI GUARAPARI
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
No information about the HDU
110
2010
Population: 1.687.704 (48% of the total
for the state)
GDP: R$ 51,86 billion (63,2% of the total
FUNDÃO for the state)
Population density: 724,02 inhabit. /km²
MHDI: 0,772
Education MHDI: 0,695
Longevity MHDI: 0,848
Income MHDI: 0,782
SERRA
VILA VELHA
GUARAPARI MHDI
Very High
High
Medium
Low
Very Low
No information about the HDU
111
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ATLAS IN THE BRAZILIAN METROPOLITAN AREAS
In 2000, the Greater Vitória MR presented an MHDI of 0.678 and was situated in the Medium 29%
23%
33% 31%
Human Development range. However, in 2010 the MR presented a MHDI of 0.772, moving up
15%
to the High Human Development range. 7%
0,700
MHDI
0,600
38%
36% 0,500
0,400
0,300
0 50 100 150 200 250
Longevity Education Income
HDU
2000 2010
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
112
The Highest and Lowest MHDIs In relation to the variation of these indexes, Graph 5 presents the distribution and
concentration of the data for the nucleus-municipality of the Greater Vitória MR and other
Analyzing the distribution of MHDI results from 2000 in the Greater Vitória MR, one can note
metropolitan municipalities identified on the graph as the vicinities.
that a large part of the HDUs with higher MHDI values is situated in the MR urban nuclei and
coastal area, while the largest part of HDUs with lower MHDI values is spread all over the MR. Graph 5: box plot of the 2000/2010 MHDI in the HDUs
The HDUs corresponding to the lowest Human Development ranges are in the municipalities of
2000 2010
Cariacica, Serra, Vila Velha and Guarapari. 1,00
0,90
In relation to the 2010 MHDI one can observe that the HDUs with highest MHDI value are in
0,80
the nucleus-municipality of the MR. The lowest MHDI values, in turn, are in the HDUs located
0,70
in the different portions of the Greater Vitória MR distributed over several municipalities.
MHDI
0,60
In considering Graph 4, one can see the dynamic of the MHDI values for the Greater Vitória 0,50
MR. In the period between 2000 and 2010 there was a reduction in the number of HDUs 0,40
with a Low or Very Low MHDI. On the other hand, it can be noted that there was an increase 0,30
in the number of HDUs with a High or Very High MHDI. The graph suggests that the HDUs Vicinities Vitória Vicinities Vitória
performance in the Greater Vitória MR improved during that period. Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
Graph 4: histogram of the frequency of the 2000/2010 human development ranges In the case of the nucleus-municipality, in 2000 the MHDI varied between 0.558 and 0.926,
90 when half of the HDUs possessed a MHDI between 0.625 and 0.837. In 2010, the MHDI varied
80 between 0.678 and 0.961, in other words, amplitude was smaller than in 2000, and half of the
70 HDUs presented indexes between 0.752 and 0.903. There was, thus, a reduction in the total
60
data amplitude, associated with an increase in the MHDI.
Frequency
50
40
In the case of the remaining municipalities, in 2000 half of the HDUs had an MHDI between
30
20
0.543 and 0.709. In 2010, this interval was between 0.658 and 0.800. In these municipalities,
10 in 2000 the MHDI varied between 0.467 and 0.913, which in 2010 varied between 0.609 and
0 0.957. One can note, in this case, a reduction in the total amplitude of the data, associated
Very low Low Medium High Very high
with an increase of the MHDI of the HDUs in the period.
MHDI – Human Development Ranges
2000 2010
The greatest advance (absolute growth) among the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities
Source: UNDP, IPEA and FJP, 2014.
occurred in the Barramares / Ulisses Guimarães / 23 de Maio / São Conrado / Cidade da Barra
HDU (Vila Velha/ES) with amplitude of 0.167 while to the nucleus-municipality the Santos
Inequality in the Greater Vitória MR Dumont HDU presented the greatest growth with an increase of 0.147. The average MHDI
values verified in the capital presented an evolution of 0.051. Even though beginning with
In analyzing the level of MHDI inequality between the HDUs in the Greater Vitória MR, in
a lower standard in 2000, the average for the vicinities presented greater evolution than
absolute terms, one can see the difference between the lowest and highest MHDI. In 2000 it
that verified for the nucleus-municipality, equal to 0.094. The amplitude for the set of HDUs
was 0.459, which fell to 0.352 in 2010.
reduced more in the HDUs of the surrounding municipalities than among the HDUs for the
metropolitan nucleus-municipality.
113
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ATLAS IN THE BRAZILIAN METROPOLITAN AREAS
Map of Quintiles (2010) Highest and Lowest MHDI in the Greater Vitória MR (2010)
Mata da Praia: Orla 0,961 Baía Nova / Todos os Santos / Rio da Prata / São Félix /
The quintiles refer to the pooling of Santa Rita / Cabeça Quebrada
0,486
Mata da Praia: Pedra da Cebola 0,961
data in five equal parts, so that each Bela Vista 0,486
Praia do Canto / Ilha do Boi / Ilha do Frade / Enseada do Suá 0,958
sampling comprises 20% of the data. Camurugi 0,486
Praia da Costa: Orla 0,957
Paturá / Elza Nader 0,486
HDUs with lowest MHDI
Portal 0,486
UDH IDHM
SERRA São Gabriel 0,486
Adalberto Simão Nader 0,609
São João do Jaboti / Pau D'Alho / Rio Grande / Boa Vista
Baía Nova / Todos os Santos / Rio da Prata / São Félix / 0,486
0,609 / Jaqueira / Reta Grande: Rural
Santa Rita / Cabeça Quebrada
HDUs with highest Income MHDI
Bela Vista 0,609
MHDI UDH IDHM-R
Camurugi 0,609
1st Quintile • 0,000 - 0,658
Barro Vermelho / Santa Luíza 1,000
Paturá / Elza Nader 0,609
2nd Quintile • 0,659 - 0,712
Mata da Praia: Orla 1,000
Portal 0,609
3rd Quintile • 0,713 - 0,772 CARIACICA VITÓRIA
Mata da Praia: Pedra da Cebola 1,000
São Gabriel 0,609
4th Quintile • 0,773 - 0,842
Praia da Costa: Orla 1,000
São João do Jaboti / Pau D'Alho / Rio Grande / Boa Vista
5th Quintile • 0,843 - 1,000 0,609
/ Jaqueira / Reta Grande: Rural Praia do Canto / Ilha do Boi / Ilha do Frade / Enseada do Suá 1,000
HDUs with highest Longevity MHDI HDUs with highest Income MHDI
UDH IDHM-E
GUARAPARI
114
Technical Specifications
MHDI
The MHDI is measured by the geometric average of the three sub-indexes of the dimensions
How is this indicator calculated?
that compose the index: longevity, education and income.
The suggested demographic indicators in Atlas of Human Development in Brazil - including life expectancy at birth -
cannot be obtained directly from information in Demographic Censuses - thus, indirect techniques are used.
Longevity Dimension These methods - the technique for calculating the mortality rate of children and young people, the indicators of
longevity and mortality, as well as the technique to calculate the total estimated fertility rate in total - were developed
Long and Healthy Life by William Brass (1968).
However, it should be noted that the techniques used required some adjustments for application in locations with small
In the MHDI, this dimension is measured by the life expectancy at birth.
populations, such as in many municipalities or areas within municipalities. This adaptation was made by Professor José
Alberto Magno de Carvalho, from the Center for Regional Development and Planning of (CEDEPLAR), at the Federal
University of Minas Gerais (UFMG).
Furthermore, applying the methodology requires a standard mortality function. Ideally, it would be known as the
mortality pattern of the particular population. When it is unknown, we use standard mortality tables or a mortality
What does the MHDI Longevity consist of? table for a given population, whose mortality pattern is considered similar to that of the population of the study. When
calculating the mortality rates, especially for the Brazilian municipalities and UDH’s, the output tables were used as a
The MHDI Longevity dimension considers the life expectancy at birth, in other words, the average number of that
standard for levels of aggregation for their respective states.
people are expected to live at the moment of birth, in the municipalities, Federal Units (UF), Metropolitan Regions
(RM) or Human Development Units (UDH), while maintaining the same mortality patterns observed in each period. The mortality tables for 1991 and 2000 were based on the Demographic Census of 1991 and on the National Research
by Household Sample (PNAD) of the 1990s. These mortality tables for Brazilian states, developed by CEDEPLAR, were
used as the standard. The tables that already included the results of the Demographic Census of 2010, estimated by
CEDEPLAR, were also adopted for 2010.
Life expectancy at birth summarizes the social, health and general municipal well-being conditions in order to
examine the mortality rates of different age groups in the area. In order to calculate this indicator, all death causes
are taken into consideration - diseases as well as external causes, such as accidents and violence.
Weight of Variables
In the overall index, there is only one variable with a weight of 1.
115
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ATLAS IN THE BRAZILIAN METROPOLITAN AREAS
Comparison and Adjustments with the Global HDI How is the MHDI Longevity Dimension calculated?
MHDI Longevity examines the same indicator as the global HDI. The process of transforming the life expectancy at birth indicator, whose unit is “years of life”, into the Index of
Longevity, requires that we select the maximum and minimum parameters to normalize the indicator, using the
following formula:
I = (observed value - minimum value) / (maximum value - minimum value).
Source of Information
• Maximum age: 85 years • Minimum age: 25 years
IBGE Demographic Census.
Thus, e.g.
Since 1970, the statistics of the Demographic Censuses has enabled the use of the Brass’s technique, providing
the necessary information to calculate fertility indicators: live births during the 12 months preceding the date of If the life expectancy of a municipality is 70 years, its MHDI Longevity would be: (70 – 25) / (85 – 25) = 45 / 60 =>
the Census (current fertility), total of live births (retrospective fertility or parturition) and mortality (total of live MHDI Longevity = 0,750.
births and total of children at the date of the Census) by the age range of women.
Education Dimension
Access to knowledge
Support indicators in analyzing MHDI Longevity Dimension
Within the MHDI, this dimension is measured by the educational level of the adult population
Two blocks of Atlas of Human Development in Brazil indicators can be used as a proxy for the evaluation of
and the educational flow of the young people.
health conditions. The first block consists of longevity and mortality indicators, including the infant mortality
rate, the odds of death within 5, 40 and 60 years of age and life expectancy at birth. The second block consists
of the total fertility rate. The infant mortality rate is one of the most significant indicators, because it reflects the
impact of socioeconomic conditions of the geographical location where the child is born. The more developed
a region is - the more closely related the infant mortality rate is to the endogenous causes determined by the
What composes the MHDI Education dimension?
risks of newborn mortality (first 28 days of life). In less developed regions, in addition to endogenous causes,
the exogenous causes - including malnutrition and infectious and respiratory diseases – add up decisively. The MHDI Education is composed of indicators pertaining to the educational level of the adult population and
probabilities of demise reflect deprivation at different stages of life, in which different causes have negative educational flow of young people.
effects. The behaviour of the total fertility rate is linked to the changes the Brazilian population has gone
through in the so-called demographic transition, during which the rapid decline of fertility levels determined the
population volume and the new, national configuration, in terms of age structure.
116
Why these indicators? Comparison and Adjustments with the Global HDI
The educational level of the adult population reflects how the education system has functioned in previous Like the global HDI, MHDI Education consists of two indicators: one providing information on the educational level
periods. It assumes that the Brazilian adult population ought to have completed at the least primary education on of the adult population and one on the educational level of the school-age population. Nevertheless, the variables
their way through the educational system. are different. For instance, in the Demographic Census 2010 there is no municipal information on the mean years
of schooling for people aged 25 years or older, which is a principal education level measurement for the adult
The measurement of the educational flow of the young people follows the school-age population in four
population in the global HDI. Therefore, the variable had to be adjusted by adopting the share of the population
important moments of their educational life: their entry into the education system, completion of the first cycle of
aged 18 years and older having completed their primary education.
primary education and completion of primary education and secondary education.
For assessing the educational level of young people, the global HDI methodology from 2010 was applied. The
This composition sends an important message: children aged 5 years should already be attending school, children
expected years of schooling is a retention measure for children attending school – regardless of the repetition
aged 12 years ought to attend the final years of primary school, 16-year-olds ought to have completed primary
of courses. However, since the current challenge of Brazil’s education system is the quality and flow of students
education, and young people aged 19 years ought to have completed secondary education. When calculating the
rather than the students’ enrollment, the global HDI methodology does not apply to the Brazilian case. This
indicators, the extension of these age bands is determined by statistic and sample observations
measure also includes higher education, which does not apply to Brazilian municipalities.
Limitations
Support Indicators in Analyzing the MHDI Education Dimension
The education measurement for young people does not include the entire school-age population or the entirety
In order to arrive at a more detailed and complete snapshot of the municipalities, in terms of education, Atlas
of those attending school. It only captures certain moments in young people’s lives, as they pass through the
Brazil presents a considerable amount of data in addition to the five principal indicators of MHDI Education.
educational system.
This supportive data provides information on different age groups - for instance, on topics such as illiteracy,
This measurement also contains statistic and sample observations - also supplemented by the ideal education levels educational levels (primary, secondary and higher education completed) and school attendance (on a gross and
of the age groups: at 12, attending final years of primary education; at 16, having completed primary education; and net basis, and also taking the schooling delays into account). Atlas also features a variable called Expected Years of
at 19, having completed secondary education. Schooling which is an adaptation of the metric methodology used in the global HDI – but, in this case considering
12 years as maximum years of formal study and adjusting these values for repetition. In other words, it considers
On the other hand, the measurement of adult education is limited in terms of assessing people who have completed
only the adequacy of school attendance until the age of 18. In the case of an ideal educational flow of the young
primary education - excluding those who have entered the education system without completing the grades. In the
people, in which all people attend primary school for 6 years without repetition or abandonment, this indicator
national historical context, the education measurement takes into consideration primary education as the only upper-
assumes the value of 12 years.
limit for adults’ access to knowledge.
Weight of Variables
The educational level of the adult population – weight of 1
The educational flow of the young people – weight of 2
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HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ATLAS IN THE BRAZILIAN METROPOLITAN AREAS
Income Dimension
Standard of living
How is the MHDI Education dimension calculated
Considering that attendance and completion rates vary between 0% and 100% and that the minimum and
In the MHDI this dimension is measured by the monthly income per capita.
maximum values chosen are also between 0% and 100%. To “convert” them into an index varying from 0 to 1,
one only needs to divide it by 100.
Thus, if in a municipality:
What does the MHDI Income dimension consist of?
• 65% of the adult population (18 or older) has completed primary education
The MHDI Income examines the municipal income per capita; in other words, the monthly income of the residents in a certain
• 85% of the children aged 5-6 attend school location (municipality, state, metropolitan area or HDU) in Brazilian Reals (R$.) from 1st of August 2010.
• 80% of children aged 11-13 attend the final years of primary school
• 70% of young people aged 15-17 have completed primary education
• 50% of young people aged 18-20 have completed secondary education
What does this indicator measure?
• The educational level of the adult population would be 0,650
Income per capita measures the average capacity of procuring goods and services by the inhabitants of a municipality.
The educational flow of the young people would be the average of the sub-indices referring to the 4 indicators,
with the same weight = (0.850 +0.800 +0.700 +0.500) / 4 = 0.712
The MHDI Education of a municipality is the geometric mean of these two indices, the educational level having a
weight of 1 and the educational flow having a weight of 2 = 0,691.
Why this indicator?
This indicator shows the ability of the inhabitants in a municipality to ensure a decent standard of living to ensure
their basic needs, such as water, food and shelter.
Limitations
The major limitation of this indicator is that it does not examine income inequality among the inhabitants of the
municipality. Hence, a municipality may have a high income per capita, but, at the same time, a large portion of
its population may be living in poverty.
118
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT UNITS (HDU)
Weight of Variables
In the index there is only one variable with a weight of 1.
Obtaining data
In spite of being collected at the residential level, census data is only released in an aggregate way in order to
avoid the exposure of personal information. In the case of information contained on the questionnaire used in
the domicile universe, data is available only for census sectors. In the case of the sample questionnaire, that from
Comparison and Adjustments with the Global HDI which the Atlas obtained the greater part of its information, data is available only for areas under consideration.
The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the value added by the production of all goods and services over a year To obtain access to data from the questionnaire for spatial divisions different than those corresponding to the
within a given boundary. The GDP per capita is the division of this value by the population of a country that the areas under consideration, the users should submit a project to be evaluated by the IBGE for the proposal of a
UNDP has used for the calculation of HDI of countries and states worldwide until 2010. In 2010, this indicator was new aggregation, while observing the demands for statistical reliability and obeying the criteria that are rigorously
replaced by the GNI (Gross National Income) per capita. The use of GDP per capita becomes inadequate when evaluated by the technical committee. Among the parameters evaluated by the committee, especially highlighted
assessing the income of the inhabitants of a municipality, because not all of the income generated by production is the demand that areas created should have at least 400 private, permanent residences.
within the municipal area is appropriated for the resident population (and vice versa). On the other hand, there are
no municipal statistics for GNI per capita. The alternative used calculates the municipal income per capita obtained Once the project is approved for the creation of new spatial divisions, the researchers utilize a special room made
from the Demographic Census. available by the IBGE, called the “secret room”, where they have access to the micro data of the census according
to the spatial aggregation. The aggregated results obtained based on the micro data have yet to be evaluated for
consistency by the IBGE before being finally released to the user.
The above described process shows the procedures undergone by the project team to obtain the Metropolitan
Region Human Development Atlas, in the case of spatial divisions called Human Development Units (HDU).
Source of Information
The Demographic Census conducted by IBGE What is a census sector?
A census sector is constituted of contiguous areas, delimited to attend the parameter of census collection and
control. It is situated in a single urban or rural block. The number of residences contained and its territorial
dimensions are defined in such a way as to allow information to be collected by one census taker.
Support Indicators in Analyzing the MHDI Income Dimension It is defined due to the censor taker route, considering physical barriers and the layout of the streets. Its
In addition to municipal income per capita, Atlas Brazil presents various supportive indicators (such as income configuration is similar to the routes taken by meter readers, mail deliverers or garbage collectors (in city blocks,
per capita by population quintiles, the ratio between the income per capita of the richest 10% and 20% and large buildings and etc.). With this, it tends to be more homogenous in areas with greater population density and
the income per capita of the poorest 40% of the population, as well as the Gini and Theil Indices) that examine less in sparse areas.
income-related inequalities. Poverty is also reviewed by three poverty lines - R$ 70, R$ 140 and R$ 255. To
calculate these indicators, Atlas has adopted the household income per capita (assuming that all people in the What is a weighting area?
same household have the same income).
A weighting area, in turn, is a geographic unit formed by a grouping of census areas for the application of
calibration procedures of the estimates obtained from the sample with the information known to the population
as a whole.
119
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ATLAS IN THE BRAZILIAN METROPOLITAN AREAS
Source of Information
Demographic Censuses conducted by IBGE.
120
Parceiros institucionais
Apoio institucional
w w w. a t l a s b r a s i l . o r g . b r