THUC VY © sdch ngoai ngit u HUYEN DE BAN GIAO DUC NHA XUAT |GD 4N oe 89/193-05 SOS EBOOKS SOS EBOOKS EBOOKS SOS Ma sé : 8N514m5-CND Lotno1 piu Chuyén dé B4o ng trong tiéng Anh trong TO SACH NGOAI NGU NHA XUAT BAN GIAO DUC duge bién soan nham gidp cdc em hoc sinh hiéu r6 nhiing van dé lién quan dén céc hinh thiic do ngi trong tiéng Anh. Cac van dé nay duge trinh bay ngan gon, dé hiéu cing véi nhiing bai tap cing 06. DE dat duoc két qua t6t, cdc em nén ty lam bai tap, sau dé so sanh bai lam cia minh véi bai gidi va cing nhau thdo luén dé ndm ving thém ngit phdp tiéng Anh. Cung véi céc bai ngii phap, ching 16i cing gidi thiéu nhung bai doc thém, truyén ngdn, tho va tro choi nhdm gitip céc em trau d6i ki nang doc hi8u tiéng Anh va kién thic téng quat. Trong vigc hoc ngoai ngit, khéng co gi dem lai higu qua hon la viéc ty ddu tu thdi gian va né lye cia chinh ban than. Ching t6i mong rang cdc em sé dung quyén sdch nay véi phuong phap thich hgp nhat dé ty nang cao trinh dé tiéng Anh cia minh. Ching t6i mong nhan duge nhiéu ¥ kién déng gép ciia gido vién, phy huynh va cde em hoc sinh dé khi téi ban, séch sé dugc b6 sung nhiéu chuyén dé phong phi va da dang hon. Than chao cdc em hoc sinh va chic cdc em thanh céng trong viéc hoc tiéng Anh. NHOM BIEN SOANSOS EBOOKS SOS EBOOKS EBOOKS SOS INVERSION Dao naif What is inversion? Dao ngo la gi? Inversion is the reversal of the normal order of the subject and the verb in a sentence. Dio ngit la su thay déi trat tu thong thubng cita chil tit va dong tit trong mét cfu. Tom's father is an engineer. Subject Verb Is Tom's father an engineer? When do we use inversion? Khi nao chang ta dung dao nga? Inversion is used to put emphasis on a certain part of a statement or to make a question. Dio ngit duge ding dé nhén manh mét thanh phan trong chu hay dé thanh lap ciu nghi vin Note: Inversion should be used sparingly as over-use can sound ridiculous. It can usually be avoided in conversation altogether. Luu y: Khong nén lam dung ddo ngit vi nhu thé sé gay budn cui. Trong hic déi thoai, déo ngit ciing thudmng khéng dugc sit dung.How many kinds of inversion are there? C6 may loai dao ngit? 1. Inversion in a question Dado ngi trong cau hdi - Ina statement, the subject is often followed by the verb: Trong cau tran thu@t, chii tit thuing ditng trudc déng tit: She is the General Director. She has seen the Grand Canyon. ~ Ina question, the subject follows the (auxiliary) verb: Trong céiu nghi vdin, chit tit ditng sau (tro) dong tit: Is she the General Director? Has she seen the Grand Canyon? 2. Inversion in a sentence beginning with a negative or a semi-negative word or phrase Dao ngi trong cau tran thuat bat dau bang mét ti hay cum te’ mang . nghia phi dinh hay ban phi dinh The following words and phrases are followed by an inversion of subject and verb when they begin a sentence or an independent clause. Nhitng tit va cum tit sau day khi duge dat ddu ciu hay dau mot ménh dé doc lap thutng c6 dao ngit gitta chil tit va dong tit. never scarcely... when not only... but also rarely in no way no sooner... than seldom at no time not until hardly ever not once nowhere hardly not often on no account scarcely _notonly... but... as well nor under no circumstances Mary not only works at the post office but she also works at the grocery store. Not only does Mary work at the post office but she also works at the grocery store. Max never bought another motorcycle again. Never again did Max buy another motorcycle. Mark won't like that bread. And he won't like that cheese. Mark won't like that bread. Nor will he like that cheese. Note: The inversion happens only in the first part of the sentence. Litu y: Dado ngit chi duge thuc hién & phan dau cita cau. No sooner had he opened the letter than did the phone ring. [Wrong] No sooner had he opened the letter than the phone rang. (Right] Hardly had he arrived at the office when did the trouble start. [Wrong] Hardly had he arrived at the office when the trouble started. [Right] Not only did we lose our money, but were we also badly treated. [Wrong] Not only did we lose our money, but we were also badly treated. [Right] 3. Inversion in a sentence beginning with a prepositional phrase of place Odo nga trong céu bat dau bang mét nga gidi tw chi noi chon Austin, Texas, lies at the edge of the Hill County. At the edge of the Hill County lies Austin, Texas.4. Inversion in a sentence where the conditional “if” is omitted Déo ngit trong cau diéu kién khi b6 “it” lf | had gone to the post office, | would have bought some stamps. Had | gone to the post office, | would have bought some stamps. If it had not been for your help, | wouldn't have succeeded. Had it not been for your help, | wouldn't have succeeded. If you should meet her, please ask her to call me at once. Should you meet her, please ask her to call me at once. 5. Inversion in a sentence beginning with “so” in the structure of “so... that..." Do nga trong cdu bat dau véi “so” trong céu tric “so... that..." She is so beautiful that everyone turns to look at her. So beautiful is she that everyone turns to look at her. He drove so carelessly that his car crashed into a tree. So carelessly did he drive that his car crashed into a tree. 6. Inversion in the structure with “so” and “neither” do nga trong cau tric véi “so” va “neither” He likes tea and | do too. He likes tea and so dol. He isn’t a student and she is not either. He isn’t a student and neither is she. — “So’’ is used in positive sentences and “neither” in negative sentences. “So” duge ding trong cau khing dink vi “neither” diag ding trong cau phil dinh. — “So” and “too” have the same meaning, but only “so” needs inversion. "So" va “too” 06 nghia tuong ty nhau, nhung chi cb “so” ding v6i dao ngit. - “Neither” and “either” have the same meaning but only “neither” needs inversion. “Neither” va “either” c6é nghia twong tu nhau, nlung chi cb “neither” ding v6i déo ngit. 7. Inversion in a sentence beginning with “only” Dao ngi trong cau bat déu vor “only” Only when ail attempts at negotiation had failed did the men decide to go on strike. Only in central Viet Nam have | seen such scenery like that. - If “only” modifies the subject, there is no inversion. Néu “only” b6 nghia cho chié tit, khong dio ngit Only he can speak English. [No inversion] Only the special members can enter the club on Sundays. [No inversion] 8. Inversion in a sentence / clause beginning with “here” or “there” bdo ngii trong céu/ménh dé bat ddu véi “here” hodc "there" There is a letter for you on the table. Here are your keys. There goes the train! Here comes George! | heard a knock at the door and there was Mary! 2DNTTA 9~ In exclamatory sentences beginning with “here” or “there”, if the subject is a personal pronoun there is no inversion. Trong cau cim thin bit déu bing “here” hotc “there”, néu chil tit Ta dai tit nhan 21mg thi khong 06 dio ngit. There he is! Here she arrives! 9. Inversion in a sentence with reporting verbs Déo nga trong céu 06 d6éng ty tung thuat The subject can come after reporting verbs like “say, tell, ask...” when these are in the middle or at the end of the direct speech. Chil tit 06 thé ding sau dong tit tuong thudt nhw “say, tell, ask...” khi cd hai diing 6 gitta hodc cuéi cau tung thuat truc tiép. “She is pretty,” said he. “| have four children,” answered the old man, “and they are all studying abroad.” 10. Inversion in a sentence beginning with a predicate Do nga trong céu bat dau bang vingd Spent was the day and darkening was the sky. Present at the meeting were the President, the Prime Minister and all Members of the Cabinet. 41. Inversion in a sentence beginning with an adverb or adverb phrase Do nga trong cau bat dau bang trang Ww hay tang nga Often have | heard it said that he is not to be trusted. Twice within my lifetime have world wars taken place. 10 Near the church was an old ruined cottage. Such was the tale he told me. Thus should you act and not otherwise. 12, Inversion in a sentence with “as” used to express similarity Dao nga trong cau 06 “as” duge ding dé dién t& su. ‘giong nhau In formal style, “as” expressing similarity can be followed by an inversion. Trong van phong trang trong, cé thé ding déo ngit sau “as” khi dién td su ging nhau. Alice is a vegetarian, as are most of her relatives. Tom likes football, as do his classmates. #2.0NTTA 1110. 12 Identify words or phrases that cause a change in word order in the following sentences. Seldom does Amanda buy anewspaper. (Seldom) Rarely are people given permission to return to homes contaminated after a toxic waste accident. On no account should the photocopy machines in the office be used for personal materials. Only if | had known the difference would | have bought the more expensive camera. Not.until next year will the new tax change take place. Not. only-was he driving too fast, but recklessly as well No.sooner-had the administration announced the policy change than the students began their protests. Nowhere had the explorer been met with more hospitality than in Nepal Never had Peter seen such a beautiful place Little did they know that their village was destroyed. Tom cannot play football nor does he want to learn to play. i. ~ A.No sooner Choose the best answer that correctly completes each sentence. has the work been so easy. A. Only by B, Never (The correct choice is B.) after years of planning did the project get underway A. Seldom ( ByOnly should the expense of the new bridge be considered a problem. ‘A)Never had the restaurant opened than people were flocking to eat there. B. Always B. Nowhere should a young child be allowed to play fireworks without parental supervision Z A. inder no circumstances B. No sooner than have playing cards been used for card games but also for fortune-telling A. Not as much (B. Not only will the emperor penguin leave its nest before the chick hatches. A. bs once B. Not until intensive research can a vaccine for the virus be found. A. Only when B. Only through are the autumn colors so splendid as in New England A. Only (B. Nowhere are the keys that | thought | lost. \ There B. Nowhere did | miss a question : A)only B, Not once 13Tl. o ononsn 2 14 Each of the following sentences contains a structure that could require inversion. If the sentence is correct, write (C) at the beginning; if it is not, write (I) and correct it. _-_ The town council is not sure why have|the land developers.;; changed their plans. = Never in the world believed that this would happen. -! “The day might have been a little more enjoyable had the sun been out a little more. ~_ Only once did the judge take the defense lawyer's suggestion. /__ Down the hall to the left;the offices ‘are that need to be painted. ___ Did the scientist explain what he put in the basket? f Te \ " a /_ Hardly ever it snows in this section of the country. Elijah scored more points in yesterday's basketball final than had any other player in history. In the state of Californigearthquakes occur regularly. He should ever call again, please tell him that | am not at home. Fill the gaps in the following sentences with suitable words. The verbs in brackets are to help you. Little that we would win the competition. (think) — did we think Not only the piano brilliantly but she beautifully too. (play, sing) Never in my life so humiliated. (be) Nowhere in the entire town night. (be able to) he find a room for the NOs 12. ae 14. 17 18. 19. 20. No sooner__ he into the bath than the phone (get, ring) So difficult the work that he finally (be, give up) Under no circumstances we the fire door. (should lock) Not until he the task he to leave the room. (finish / allow). Only after midnight the police catch the thieves. (be able to) Not once during her entire life she in trouble with the law. (be) Not only he rather naive but he also very sensitive. (appear, seem) . No sooner we on our picnic than it to rain. (set off, begin) Never | $0 many people working so hard. (see) Seldom ___| any assistance or advice. (receive) Rarely they about their appalling work conditions. (complain) Scarcely 1 the letter when the phone ringing. (open, start) No sooner ___ 1 the phone than | a knock at the door. (answer, hear) In no way such a discreet man our secrets. (betray) Atno time ___1 about it outside this office. (talk) Only in Britain the notion of a gentleman's agreement __. (apply) Not only he his job, but his wife __ him, too. (lose, leave} 15V. Rewrite the following sentences if the word orders are incorrect. Not often a Rembrandt is stolen. Not often is a Rembrandt stolen. 1. Ineither case, we must report the accident to the police. 2. Not only before exercising one should stretch but after exercising as well 3. North of Winona, Minnesota, lies Lake City, which is considered the official “birth place” of water-skiing. 4. Adry, cold climate is not suitable for beautiful skin, and neither a hot climate is. 5. Only in 1865 antiseptics were first used, 6. Not only swallows build their nests inside farm buildings, but do sparrows as well. 7. Should you be bitten or stung by a venomous creature, you must call an ambulance immediately. 8. Driving through downtown during rush hours is difficult, as is parking there 9. Not once Lincoln has been painted smiling. 10. Not until the Middle Ages glass did become a major construction material. VI. Rewrite the following sentences using inversion. Begin your sentences with the words or phrases given. if the drought had not lowered the reservoir, the ancient village would not have been discovered. Had the drought not lowered the reservoir, the ancient village would not have been discovered. 16 The staff members’ telephone numbers shouldn't be given out under any circumstances. Under no You shouldn't start the exercise program until you have had a medical checkup. Not until ———————__~;————————————— They will be able to continue their research only when the institute is given funding, Only when If an emergency should arise, call 911 Should Se The only representative of the Indian’s handicraft remains on the island. On EE They will never stay in that hotel again. Never again A movie can seldom hold my attention like this one. Seldom .ONTTA 78. Steve and Jan have never invited us to their house. Not once 9. Women do not have equal rights with men at any level of society. Atno 10. | realized later that | had made a big mistake Not until then 11. Ihave rarely felt so upset about being criticized Rarely — 42. The sheriff felt so lonely that he was about to draw his revolver. So 13. They didn’t know that they had passed the final exam Little 14. A solitary pine tree stood at the top of the hill At — 15. Fred came in. Vy 18 16. All the lights went on On 17. You cannot find so many happy people anywhere else. Nowhere else 18. He not only has a first-class brain but he is also a tremendously hard worker. Not only 19. It is seldom wise to disregard the advice that he gives. Seldom 20. His faithful dog sat by his side. By VII. Choose the best phrase marked (A), (B), (C) or (D) to complete each sentence. 1. Your sister used to visit you quite often, a A. didn’t she C. wouldn't she B. doesn't she D. hadn't she 2. I don't like iced tea, and__. A. she doesn't too C. neither does she 8. either doesn't she D. she doesn’t neither #otDNTTA 1920 The report would have been accepted ___in checking its accuracy. A. if more care B. more care had been taken C. had taken more care D. had more care been taken The results of the current experiment appear to be more consistent than the results of any previous tests. A. them B. were C. they were D. were they Not until a student has mastered algebra the principles of geometry, trigonometry, and physics. A. he can begin to understand B. can he begin to understand C. he begins to understand D. begins to understand Rarely located near city lights or at lower elevation. A. observatories are B. are C. in the observatories D. are observatories There are geographic, economic and cultural reasons 5) jsseeeae A. diets differ B. do diets differ C. ate diets different D. to differ a diet 10. . Located behind . Only for a short period of time Not until a monkey is several years old independence from its mother. to exhibit signs of A. it begins B. does it begin C. and begin D. beginning Potassium has a valence of positive one because it usually loses one electron when _____ with other elements. A. does it combine B. it combines C. in combining D. combination The economic background of labor legislation will not be mentioned in this course, be treated. A. trade unionism will not B. nor trade unionism will C. nor will trade unionism D. neither trade unionism will the two lachrymal glands. A. each eyelid B. is each eyelid C. each eyelid are D. each eyelid which is tun at top speed. A. cheetahs B. do cheetahs C. that a cheetah can D. can 2113. 22 In the Morgan Library in New York City of medieval and Renaissance manuscripts. A. a collection is B. in a collection C. is a collection D. which is a collection . Some fishing fleets might not have been so inefficient in limiting their catch to target species more strict in enforcing penalties. A. the government had been B. if the government had C. had the government been D. if the government _____ to accomplish this great task. A. Only by hard work we will be able B. Only by hard work will we be able C. Only by hard work we able will be D. Only by hard work will be able we SIMILES Léi so sanh When you describe a person, an object or a scene, etc., similes help your description to be more lively; and as a result, have a good impression on the readers. You should Jean as many similes as possible, and try to use them in your writing. Khi miéu td ngubi, vat, cénh, v.v., 161 so sinh gitip cho bai viét cia ban séng ding hon, va vi vay tao dusc dn tuyng tot v6i ngubi doc. Clic ban cin hoc that nhiéu cau so sinh va sit dung ching vao bit viét cla minh, Examples — Don't worry. He’s always as cool as a cucumber. Dting lo. Anh ta luén hét suic diém tinh va tu chi (nhat la trong tinh huéng khé khan). ~ | think he can help you move this cupboard. He’s as Strong as a horse. Téi nght anh ay c6 thé gidp ban ddi cai th nay. Anh ay khoé nhu voi. Below are some common similes, Read them carefully, try to understand them and relate them to similar similes in Vietnamese. Dubi day la mt vai cau so sinh thong dung. Doc that ki, tim hiéu va lién h@ ching odi nhinng cau so sinh tung dung trong tiéng Viet. 23as black as coal as blind as a bat as bold as brass as brave as a lion as bright as a button as busy as a bee as changeable as the weather as clean as a whistle as cool as a cucumber as deaf as a post as dry as a bone as dull as dishwater/ditchwater as easy as pie as fit as a fiddle as flat as a pancake as fresh as a daisy as gaudy as a butterfly as gentle as a lamb as graceful as a swan as poor as a church mouse as proud as a peacock as quick as a flash 24 as quiet as a mouse as red as blood as regular as clockwork as rich as Rockefeller as safe as houses as scarce as hen’s teeth as sharp as a razor 4 as sick as a dog : as silent as the dead/grave as slippery as an eel as smooth as velvet as sober as a judge as stiff as a poker as Straight as an arrow as strong as a horse/ an ox 1 as stubborn as a mule Practice makes perfect Choose one word in column A and one blanks of each sentence. in column B to fill in the A quiet, stubborn, proud, eo ee Bad def B. mule, post, bee, mouse, lion, eel, peacock, pie, church mouse, bat After the rain, the road is as slow down to avoid accidents. as a(n) . Cars have to 2. Winning a gold medal in the Olympic Games makes him as. as sweet as honey as a(n) a 3. He rushed into the building on fire to save a little girl crying for help. as tough as old boots He is as as a(n) as ugly as sin/a toad 4. The old lady asked him to repeat what he has said because she as weak as a baby/a kitten could not hear him very well. She is as as a(n) as white as a sheet 5. Annisas as a(n) for she rarely says anything in class. 6. As the president of the club and a tutor, Phuong is as as a(n) 4-ONTTA 250. 26 . After Harry’s company went bankrupt, he is as as a(n) ‘As soon as he is determined to do anything, no one can make him change his mind even when he is wrong. He is as as a(n) Without the glasses, she is as Co eee He can solve this problem in no more than 10 seconds. It is as ee as oll) Choose one word in column A and one in column B to fill in the blanks of each sentence. A B Be ler es dole litlen, hen’s teeth, flash, weak, strong, — steaiqht, regular, sick, stiff, scarce, quick, fresh, dey daisy, ox, dog He drew a line which is as as a(n) Diamond is extremely expensive because it is as as I'm dying for a drink. My mouth is as as a(n) If you wait for 5 minutes more, you can catch the bus to the airport. The bus service in this city is as as I'mas as a(n) . Please heip me push this car forward! After a sound sleep, she woke up feeling as as a(n) 5 minutes after he called up 113, they arrived at his house. They are as as a(n) He is as as a(n) because he can use his teeth to Move a car As as a(n) . Canary has to stay in bed during the Tet holidays. The window is as as a(n) | cannot get it open Mmm... I'm as hungry as a bear! 27; IMPROVE YOUR SHILLS THROUGH IDIOMS AND EXPRESSIONS AS FIT AS A FIDDLE |. READING 1, Read quickly the story below to get the main idea. Do not worry too much about words or phrases you do not understand. The following questions are to help you. - How did Ed Rosenthal look when he was 84 years old? — What did he do? — How does he lock now? Ed Rosenthal lives in a nursing home in Boston with other elderly people. Ed is a senior citizen, 91 years old. When Ed was 84 years old, a doctor came to the nursing home. She saw that Ed was out of shape and his body was weak. She told him to exercise and get in shape. So Ed started going to the exercise center to pump iron. He worked out for seven years, day in and day out. Now Ed has big muscles, and his stomach is as flat as a pancake. He feels like a million dollars. His family and friends are surprised. They cannot believe their eyes. Now Ed Rosenthal, at 91, is as fit as a fiddle! 28 2, Read the story carefully again. Match the sentences in column A with the correct definitions in column B. A B 1, (as) fit as a fiddle a. 4 person more than 65 years old 2. senior citizen b. to lift weights 3. out of shape c. to exercise 4. in shape d. to be very healthy and happy 5. to pump iron e. not in good physical condition 6. to work out f. very flat 7. day in and day out g. regularly; all the time 8. (as) flat a pancake h. healthy and physically fit 9. to feel like a million i. not believe what one sees dollars because of surprise 10. not believe one’s eyes i. in good physical condition I. WRITING 1. In about 80 words, write a summary about the story. Use the following questions to help you. Describe Ed when he was 84 years old Who came to the nursing home one day? What did she tell Ed to do? What did Ed do to get in shape? How often did he work out? How is Ed different now? What do Ed's friends think of his change? ~e@anogce 292. Complete the following dialog by filling in the blanks with idioms from the box. Notice that two of the idioms are not to be used. a. in shape d. senior citizen _g. day in and day cut b feel like a million dellars e. filtas.a fiddle +h, nol believe her eyes c. pump iron f. work out i. out of shape Anna: Grandpa, do you want to go for a bike ride with me today? Grandpa: No, I don’t think so. Anna: Come on, Grandpa! Please! Grandpa: Give me a break, Anna. I'm a (1)____, you know. I'm much too (2), to ride a bike. Anna: You should (3)____ like Grandma. She's (4)__. Grandpa: All right, all right. | know I should get (5)___. I'll go with you if we don’t go too far or too fast. Anna: Oh, thanks, Grandpa! We'll just ride to the park. You're going to (6). Grandpa: Your grandmother will (7)____ when she sees me on a bike! after you exercise. Note to give someone a break: ding quay ray ai 3. Choose one of the following questions to write about yourself in 50 words. a. Do you work out? If so, how often? Where? What do you do? Do you pump iron? b. ° What things do you do day in and day out? c. What do you think are the best ways to stay as fit as a fiddle? 30 Ill. LISTENING AND SPEAKING 1. Work with a friend. One tells the story again without looking at it, the other checks and reminds the teller of the missing information 2. Work with a partner. Act out a short dialog using at least three idioms you have learnt. 31Enlarge Your Vocabulary NOUNS FROM VERBS Complete the sentences with a noun form corresponding to the verb given in parentheses. 1. His to understand the problem surprised me. (fail) 2. His ____ to do the work irked the boss. (refuse) 3. They do not have free (deliver) 4. The was widely reported on TV. (rob) 5. Don't do it without (prepare) 6. The manager decided to send his yesterday. (resign) 7. Nobody likes to work under . (press) 8. He considered my unfair. (decide) 9. Do you know what caused his ? (dismiss) 10. His_____ caused us a lot of trouble. (omit) 11. When is his with the doctor? (appoint) 12. It was not our ‘to hurt your feelings. (intend) 13. The in this room is very old-fashioned. (furnish) 14. Don't listen to him. He'sa___. (lie) 16. His at the meeting was totally out of the question. (suggest) 16. Deaf people communicate through signs. It is sign (communicate) 32 20. 21 22 23 24. 25. They could finally solve the problem. It was a perfect (solve) . The MC's at the beginning of the show was too funny. (introduce) . According to the timetable, the estimated time of of the plane is 14.15. (depart) His unexpected surprised everybody. (appear) Dick's in class shows his lack of interest in study. (perform) Old are very important to our present life. (say) People are not yet sure about the of ET. (exist) Excuse mel I'd like your on the date of your departure, please. (confirm) The Women Liberation has brought them more and more equal rights to men. (move) 33Homophones are two words which have the same sound but different meanings. Complete the following jokes with the homophones below. The humor depends on the homophones in each one. Do you see any? There are two pairs not to be used. wal | ae ead /rel se ee bean / bee? Howell bax0 pat 34 A: Waiter, what do you call this? » : It’s soup, sir. A: I don’t care what it’s . What is it now? A: Have you hunted ___? B: No, I always hunt with my clothes on. A teacher saw two boys fighting in the playground. Teacher: Stop! You know the school rules - No fighting __. Student: But, sir, we weren’t fighting . We were fighting quietly. A: Did you hear about the novelist who lived on the ninth floor of a block of flats? B: He dropped six into a newspaper basket and lived. A: How can I get rid of my headache? B: Hit your head against a window and the will disappear. 35,TRY THIS CROSSWORD! - a O che Each of the following word-puzzles has a number in front of it. This number is also the number of the square in the diagram where the answer begins. Note that you can write only one letter in each square. The answers to Across —> clues will be written from left to right and the answers to Down. 1 clues will be written from top to bottom. M6i cau dé sau.ddy déu disc dink s& déu ciu va chit s6 nay cing chinh Ia chit sé trong 6 chit noi ban ghi ciu tra Idi. Lim y ring trong mdi 6 vudng ban chi disc ghi mt chit cdi duy nhat ma théi. Nhiing cau tra lei cho cdc cau dé’ phin Ngang —> sé dupe viét tit trai sang phdi va nhiing cau tré Idi cho phin Dee + sé dugc viet tit trén xudng. Across 36 My little brother is the 1. That movie always makes sheep of the family. He's rarely so pessimistic! Why is he in such ____ mood today? Do we have to go through all this tape to get his permission? | bought this at a elephant sale. a ee . Congratulations! You passed your math examination with flying__. He has a thumb and likes to garden. He has a streak in him and is often afraid. . Look at him! He has become with rage COLOR EXPRESSIONS 37i Y (\) 38 Q Friend's Smile ‘When everything's gane wrong today, Gnd. novane-reacts to-anything you says And no matter hon’ muck you screamand. exe the world seemato be passing you by, Ghd no-aneseema to notice or care, tat you! re trying to he heard oder deapair... SRenanone face a smile shines through, aamile that Rnows and cares about yous A smife with love and. joyta lend, end Ny Ta, owa face you recognize aa a true friend. 5, Thank you forgiving me reason ta IME today! SOME CIMIES OF FRANCE France is a major industrialized nation in western Europe. It is the third —_ largest country in Europe, after Russia and Ukraine, and the fourth most populous *. Roughly hexagonal” in shape, France shares boundaries with Belgium and Luxembourg to the northeast; Germany, Switzerland, and Italy to the east; and Spain and Andorra to the southwest. In the northwest, France is bounded by the English Channel. France faces three major seas: the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the North Sea to the north, and the Mediterranean Sea to the southeast. French culture, especially French art and literature, has profoundly influenced the Western world. France is a leading manufacturing nation, producing goods such as automobiles, electrical equipment, machine tools, and chemicals. France is the EEC’s most important agricultural nation — shipping cereals, wine, cheese, and other agricultural products to the rest of Europe and the world. 39Located in France’s Ile-de-France region on the Seine River, Paris dominates France economically, politically, and culturally. It is the nation’s leading industrial center, and most key services, including banking and finance, are concentrated there. Paris is the seat of the national government and home to France’s most prestigious °, educational and cultural institutions. / Paris is also known as the “City of Lights” for its beauty and charm. People from around the world flock to the city to view its impressive array * of monuments and museums, enjoy its cuisines 5, and relax in its sidewalk cafes and nightclubs. , Notre Dame is the geographic center of Paris. A paving on the cathedral square marks point to the spot from which all distances to Paris are measured. The Louvre, one of the largest and most famous museums in the world, is located on the Seine. The kings of France lived here intermittently ° from 1363 to 1682. The structure became a public museum in 1793. The Champs-Elysées is the most spectacular thoroughfare 7 of Paris. At the western end of the Champs-Elysées stands the 50-meter-tall Arc de Triomphe *. Commissioned ° by French emperor Napoleon in 1806 to commemorate hi s military victories, the monument was completed in 1835. Beneath the arch is the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, in honor of French soldiers killed in World War I. Located on the northern edge of Paris, Montmartre is the highest hill in the city. This picturesque" neighborhood is popular with tourists. Countless artists lived in Montmartre in the early 20" century and the area prides itself as the birthplace of modern art. France’s second largest city is Marseille on the Mediterranean coast. Founded by Greek mariners in the 6th century BC, Marseille has long served as an important commercial and trading city. Today, Marseille is socially and ethnically diverse, with a large immigrant population. 40 The third largest city is Lyon in east central France. Lyon is famous for its fine textiles, although other manufactures, including chemicals, automobiles, and petroleum products, are now more important. The urban area surrounding Lyon is the second largest in France, after greater metropolitan Paris. Other major cities include Toulouse, a major manufacturing and trade center in southwestern France; Nice, a resort city on the French Riviera; and Nantes, a seaport on the Atlantic coast that is noted for shipbuilding, food processing, and other industries. Strasbourg is the ‘principal French port on the Rhine River and is also a major industrial center. Bordeaux is a major seaport in southwestern France and the principal exporting center for one of the great French vineyard regions. Montpellier is a commercial and manufacturing city in southern France. Lille, an industrial city in northern France, is situated amid ? a exceeding one million. ie tof cities that have a combined population Notes 1. popuilous (adj) dong dan 2. hexagonal (adj): luc gidc 3. prestigious (adj): 6 uy tin, thanh thé 4. array (1): day 5. cuisine (n): mén an 6. intermittently (adv): khong lien tuc 7. thoroughfare (n): dudng phd lén 8. Arc de Triomphe: Khai Hoan Mén 9. tocommission: dat lam 10. tomb (n): bia tudng nigm 11. picturesque (adj): dep nhu tranh 12. amid (prep): gitia 41WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART {1756 — 1791) Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was an Austrian composer. He is considered one of the most brilliant and versatile ' composers ever. He worked in all musical genres * of his era, wrote inspired works in each genre, and produced an extraordinary number of compositions, especially considering his short life. By the time Mozart died at age 35, he had completed 41 symphonies *, 27 piano concertos, 23 string quartets *, 17 piano sonatas, 7 major operas, and numerous works for voice and other instruments. As a child, prodigy * Mozart toured Europe and became widely regarded as a miracle ° of nature because of his musical gifts as a performer of piano, harpsichord ’, and organ and as a composer of instrumental and vocal music. His mature masterpieces began with the Piano Concerto No. 9 in E-flat Major, one of about a dozen outstanding concertos he wrote for piano. Mozart was born in Salzburg. From his father, violinist and composer Leopold Mozart, he received his early musical training. By age six he had become an accomplished performer on the clavier ®, violin, and organ and was highly skilled in sight-reading ° and musical improvisation ". In 1762 Leopold took his six-year-old son on his first concert tour through the courts of Europe. The young Mozart absorbed the musical styles of the time through travel to Austria’s capital, Vienna; the German cities of Munich and Mannheim; Paris, France; London, England; and various centers in 42 Italy. From 1762 to 1766, while he was often touring, he composed several symphonies, a few sacred works, and a number of sonatas for keyboard and violin. In London in 1764 Mozart met then-popular German composer Johann Christian Bach, son of Johann Sebastian Bach. The eight-year- old Mozart played four-hand piano sonatas with Bach while sitting on the composer's lap. The symphonies of the younger Bach and of Carl Friedrich Abel, another German composer living in London, offered models for Mozart's first symphonies, written in 1764 and 1765 when he was eight and nine years old. In 1767, at age 11, Mozart transformed piano sonatas by various composers into his first four piano concertos. From 1769 to 1773, Mozart made three extended journeys to Italy with his father, during which he was remarkably productive and wrote not only symphonies and operas but also string quartets and several sacred works. In Milan he was commissioned to write an opera seria ~ that is, a serious opera in Italian on a heroic subject. During the last years of his life Mozart was plagued " at times ? by financial difficulties, as revealed " in a series of letters he wrote to his fellow Freemason Michael Puchberg, in which he begged for loans. The resounding success of The Magic Flute, which had its premiere in late 1791, would have solved these problems, but it came too late for Mozart, who died on December 5, 1791. He spent his last months in feverish “ activities. In September he completed an opera seria, La clemenza di Tito (The Clemency of Titus). On his deathbed, Mozart labored on the Requiem Mass in D Minor, while suffering from delusions that he had been poisoned. He died with the Requiem unfinished. The cause of his death is uncertain and has been the subject of much speculation. 43Notes 44 versatile (adj) genre (n): symphony (x): string quartet (m): prodigy (n): miracle (n): harpsichord (n): clavier (n): to sight-read: improvisation (n): . to plague: . at times (adv): . to reveal: |. feverish (ad}) da tai thé loai ban giao huéng ban nhac viét cho dan bén day thin déng. su ki digu dan clavico ban phim hat khOng can tap true suf ngdu hing quay ray, lam phién thinh thoang tiét 16 s6i ndi Short Story THE MAN WHO STOLE SMOKE In the city of Paris, many years ago, there was a street cafe that was famous for its roast meat. The chef prepared the roasts on a large rotisserie over a hot bed of coals in full view of all who passed by. The sight and smell attracted many people. This was exactly what the chef wanted, because many who stopped only to watch finally sat down to order dinner or at least a hot beef sandwich. There was one man, however, whom the chef did not like to see near his roasts. He was a vagrant who begged in the streets in that part of Paris each afternoon long enough to get enough money to buy a bottle of his favorite wine. The chef did not want this shabbily dressed man to mingle with his customers. In his opinion, it was not good for the business. And also, it seemed that every time the beggar joined the people who stopped to watch the chef, a corner of one of the roasts would —_ mysteriously disappear about the same time the beggar did. In spite of the chef's many efforts to get rid of him, however, the beggar came back almost every day about dinner time. One afternoon the beggar had become weary of asking a thousand times, in a pleading voice, “Can you spare a little change to feed a man who's down on his luck?” So he quit begging a little early and wandered over to the street cafe. Since the beggar moved a little before the usual crowd gathered, the chef watched him especially closely. “If he tries anything this time,” the chef said to himself, “he won't be able to get lost in the crowd so easily.” Then with one eye constantly on him, the chef acted 45as though he did not notice that the beggar was there. At first, the beggar just stood there sniffing the tempting aroma of the roasts that were drifting in his direction. He was quite a sight in his shabby coat about three sizes too big, shoes with slapping soles, pants with patches, and a hat that looked as though a wagon and team had run over it a few times. After a few minutes, he shuffled a little closer to the rotisserie and put his hands in his pockets. The chef, thinking the beggar would bring a knife out of his pocket in the palm of his hand, turned, ready to accuse him. The beggar did bring his hands out of his pockets, but there was no knife in either one. Instead, to the surprise of the chef, the man had a crust of bread in one hand and a short stick in the other. Then he carefully put the piece of bread on the stick, as though it were a skewer, and held it in the smoke over the roasts. Slowly he turned it this way and that, soaking up as much of the smoke as possible. 46 The chef did not know what to do. It made him furious that he was not able to catch the beggar stealing a piece of roast. Not knowing what to do, he went back to his work, Still, he was determined somehow to make an example of the wretch, so he would not come back again. He was tired of trying to catch him. “What can I do? What can I say?” he said to himself. In the meantime, though, he did nothing and said nothing. When the beggar had saturated his crust of bread with the smoke from the roasts, he sat down on the curb nearby to eat it. Before he could take a bite of bread, however, the chef shouted, “You, there! You're not going to eat that before you pay for the smoke, are you?” The beggar jumped to his feet in surprise. “Pay for the smoke? Are you crazy, man? Who is charging for the smoke?” “I am, you thieving tramp! Pay me for the smoke you used or I'll call the police!” the chef had a feeling that if the beggar were threatened, he’d run. But he did not. “Go ahead! Call the police!” said the beggar. “If you tell them that I stole smoke, you’re going to look pretty ridiculous, don’t you think?” “We'll see in a minute who's going to look ridiculous,” replied the chef. By this time, a crowd had gathered to see what the matter was. A police officer nearby saw the crowd gathering and came over to investigate. For a moment the chef wished that he had not started all this. He decided, however, to go through with it because he was quite sure that the policeman would just run the beggar off. That did not happen though. Instead, the officer simply asked what the problem was. Before the chef could open his mouth, the beggar showed the policeman his crust of bread and stick, and explained to the policeman what he had done. “And this ridiculous man, sir,” he went on, “is now accusing me of stealing the smoke I used to give this morsel of bread a little taste!” The policeman was surprised to see how aggressive this beggar was. Also, he began to see a little humor in the whole situation, so he merely said to the shabby- looking man, “Go on.” “I can tell by your countenance and your eyes, officer,” the vagrant continued, “that you are a reasonable man. And I know that you can surely see that I stole nothing! Nothing at all! What I took was public property.” The policeman became more and more amused as the beggar continued his eloquent speech. However, he listened without a smile on his face, as though he were a judge in the courtroom. The chef stood by, too surprised at the beggar’s speech to say anything at all. “As I said, sir,” the beggar went on, “what I used was public property. So in reality, I stole nothing. Observe how even now the smoke from this man’s roasts rises into the air of our fair city to become the property of anyone and everyone who breathes it in as he passes. Does this man accuse everyone who takes the aroma into his nostrils? No sir, he does not. But he accuses me, Why? Is it perhaps ATbecause he thinks he can win a case against a poor man? I am a humble man, officer, a simple man, a man who has never had an opportunity, a man who has been kicked like a dog all his life, a man, your honor, who asks for no more at this moment than to be able to eat this crust in peace.” Everyone who listened was feeling sorry for the beggar as they listened to his words. He himself found that he was bringing tears to his own eyes. There was silence for a moment. Then the man wiped his eyes with the ragged sleeve of his coat, raised his head, and continued. “Do you think, our judge, that I would steal in full view of all who pass by here? Of course, I would not. If I were a thief, I would perhaps try to sneak off with some of the smoke of the roasts in the pockets of my coat, under my hat. You will, however, observe that 1 did no such thing. Please, sir, dismiss this case and let this man’s charge against me disappear into the thin air like the smoke of the roasts at this moment.” 48 The beggar looked at the policeman “Please, sir,” he went on “don’t reprimand this chef, however. He meant no harm. Only dismiss the case. Let him go back to his work and let your humble servant eat his dinner in peace.” Then he went to the curb and acted as though he were going to continue with his meager meal. The people, who heard the eloquent speech of _ this wretched-looking man, looked toward the law officer and wondered what he would do. The policeman was older than most you see in the force. ‘And over the years, he had learnt quite well how to deal with people in difficult and sometimes strange circumstances. He also had a sense of humor. There was silence for a moment as the old peace officer stroked his chin, as though he were deep in thought about what to do. By now, everyone in the crowd was craning his neck to see, Finally, the lawman spoke. “Let me clearly understand the situation here,” he said to the beggar. “You say that the chef has accused you of stealing smoke from his roasts.” “Yes, sir,” the beggar laughed. “It's just a bit ridiculous, isn’t it?” “Tell me then, my good man, did you or did you not steal smoke from this man?” said the policeman. The beggar became excited. “But -— but, whoever heard of stealing smoke?” he asked. “Please answer my question. Did you or did you not take the chef's smoke and use it for your own purpose?” The beggar was greatly surprised at how this seemed to be turning and was wishing now that he had run when he had had the chance. “Yes, sir, I did. I cannot tell a lie.” He hoped now that his honest admission of guilt would help him. The chef's eyes brightened, for it appeared to him that the law officer was on his side. The policeman spoke again to the beggar. “Do you have a coin in your pocket?” he asked. “Yes, sit,” he said, with a puzzled look on his face. He then produced a coin, but tried not to make any of the other change in his pocket jingle. The old law officer took the coin and placed it in the palm of his hand. Then he extended his hand and moved it up and down as though he were checking the weight of the coin. Gently he tapped it as though he were testing to see if the coin was counterfeit. After that he held it close to one eye as though he were examining the engraving. Everyone in the crowd was still silent, as though they were all waiting for some great words of wisdom from the lawman. The policeman clanked the coin several times on the marble top of one of the cafe tables. Finally, he spoke so that all could hear. “1 do believe that we can settle this matter here and now without going to the magistrate. And I am sure that we can do it to the satisfaction of both parties concerned.” Then the officer pointed to the beggar and said, “I find this man guilty, as charged, of stealing smoke from the chef's roasts.” 49The chef was just as surprised as the beggar was, but pleased that the judgment was in his favor. Then the lawman clanked the coin one more time on the table top and said, “And my court here in the streets of Paris rules that the guilty party pay the chef with the sound of his money!” Then he turned to the crowd and asked, “Does the jury of the people of the city of Paris concur with the judge?” the crowd cheered their approval. As the peace officer went his way, he had a look of satisfaction on his face. And all the others were laughing. Even the chef was chuckling as he returned to his work. The look on his face changed very quickly, however, when he noticed that nearly half of one of his large roasts had disappeared. He looked around quickly only to find that the beggar too had vanished to go through with something: theo dén cing to run somebody off: duéi ai di Notes 1. rotisserie: 16 nuéng 2. to mingle: tra tron 3. weary (adj): mét méi 4. to sniff: hit vao 5. to saturate: lam tham dam 6. to jump to one’s feet: nhay dung lén z 8. 9. eloquent (adj): c6 kha nang hing bien 10. to wipe one’s eyes: lau nuéc mat 11. to dismiss: bac bé (vu kién, quyén chong 4n, v.v...) 12, to reprimand: qué mang 13, to jingle: kéu leng keng 14. counterfeit (adj): gid mao 50 15. engraving: 16. magistrate (n): 17. to concur: 18. to chuckle: hinh khdc trén déng xu quan toa bay té suf déng tinh cudi tham Fear less, hope more: Whine less, breathe more: Talk less. say more: Rate less, love more: And all good things are yours. 51COLORS I CULTURE Colors have many cultural associations in British and American societies. A large number of words describing shades of colors are taken from nature; some are named after an object that has traditionally been painted that color; but it is food that is the inspiration for most of the color names. Skin color Describing people according to their skin colors is always a sensitive issue '. Black refers to people whose ancestors ? came from Africa but white often indicates people coming from Europe. A white person with a suntan ° is said to be bronzed or brown. However, a person who never worries about his skin color is sometimes called color-blind. Skin colors sometimes refer to people’s health. If someone is in the pink, he is very well; those who are ill may be described as grey. A blue-blooded person belongs to the upper class *. This is because veins appear blue through the pale skin of people who do not spend much time in the open air. A red-blooded person is strong and passionate °, while redheads are thought to have a hot temper °. Blond women are traditionally considered very attractive. Emotion colors The color red is. always associated with “anger”. A person may see red, that means he loses his temper ’. An action making someone 52 angry is a red rag to a bull. Red is also associated with “love”, and people go as red as a beet when they are embarrassed. Beside red, purple and blue also indicate “anger”. When being angry, a person may turn purple with rage or argue till they are blue in face. Blue, in addition, suggests unhappiness, and somebody who is sad may feel blue or have the blues. But if they are in a blue funk, they are in a state of terror ® or panic *. Blue also represents loyalty ™. When a person is described as true blue, he or she is faithful and reliable. A person who is green is very innocent about the world around. Green also suggest “jealousy” ", and a person turns green with envy. Yellow is associated with fear. Cowards " have yellow streaks and may be called yellow-bellies. Brown represents “thoughtfulness” . When a person falls into a brown study, he is in a state of thoughtfulness silence. But if somebody is browned off, he is bored. othes colors Black is associated with “death” and is worn at funerals. When you are invited black tie to a formal event, you should wear a dinner jacket and a black bow tie. Women wearing a black dress (or basic black in the US) for evening social occasions “ are always thought to be smart. White is the color of innocence and is usually worn by the bride at her wedding. Baby girls traditionally wear pink, while boys are dressed in baby blue because it was thought that dressing a boy in blue gave him the protection of heaven. Men rarely wear pink clothes except as fashion items, whereas women regularly wear blue. 53Tradition and superstition colors Red is associated with “danger” or “trouble”. Red tape means a complicated and annoying set of rules. A person who is found doing something wrong is said to have been caught red-handed "*. If someone is in the red, he owes the bank money. Red also suggests “excitement”. Red- letter days are days when something special happens, while red-hot means something very fashionable or desirable. Black is often associated with bad things. A black day is a day on which a disaster happens. A black look shows “anger” or “hatred” Somebody who sees things in black and white thinks everything is either bad or good. People tell white lies, which are harmless or try to hide a mistake with whitewash. Something that is unclear is described as a grey area Green in traffic lights mean “go”, and if a person is given the green light, he has permission to do something, Green is also associated with “nature”, and people who are good at growing plants are said to have a green thumb (in American English) or green finger (in British English). Green is now widely used to describe people who care for, or things that are good for, the environment. Green also means bad luck, so people avoid wearing green at weddings. Yellow is a warning color. School buses in the US are painted yellow. Americans tie a yellow ribbon round a tree in their garden to remember somebody who has gone to fight in a war. Blue is associated with value. A blue chip ’ has a high value in poker '', and blue-chip stocks are good places to invest money. A blue ribbon is given for the first prize in a show. Something that happens once in a blue moon is very rare. Colors are also associated with particular festivals. Christmas colors are red and green, but a white Christmas is a “Christmas with 54 snow”. Halloween is celebrated with black and orange, ‘and pink and red are associated with St. Valentine's Day. On Independence Day, everything is red, white and blue, for they are the colors of the American flag. There are color names that are taken from the nature such as coal- black, emerald, dug-egg blue or violet; some are from food: cream, lime green, chocolate or wine; and others are named after an object: pillar- box red (Britain) or fire-engine red (US). Similes relate colors to natural features or familiar objects. A dark place may be as black as night or as black as ink. An innocent person may be as white as the driven snow, but if they turn as white as a ghost or as white as a sheet, their face become pale from fear or shock. Notes 1. sensitive issue: van d8 nhay cém 2. ancestors (n): ‘6ng ba, té tién 3. suntan (n): vét ram nding 4. upper class: tng lép cao trong xa hoi 5. passionate (adj): s0i néi, néng nhiét 6. hot temper: tinh nong 7. to lose one’s temper: ni néng 8. terror (1): ndi khiép dam 9. panic (n): ndi so hai 10. loyalty (n): long trung thanh 11. jealousy (n): su ghen ghét 12. coward (n): ké hén nhat 13. thoughtfulness (n): sy chin chan 14. social occasion: buéi gap g@ nang tinh ngoai giao 15. red tape (n): thoi quan ligu cifa quyén 16. to catch somebody red-handed: bat tai tran 17. chip (n): thé bai 18. poker (n): bai (trd choi) 55ca HOC TU VUNG & MO RONG KIEN THUC NGAN HANG VA NGHIEP VU NGAN HANG Nghiép vu ngan hang (banking) 1a nghi¢p vu cung cap cdc dich vu lién quan d@n tai chinh cho kh4ch hang va céc doanh nghiép. Cac dich vu co ban ma mét ngan hang cung cép bao gm: « Tai khodn vang lai (checking account) 1a loai tai khodn duge ding dé thanh to4n (make payments) cho hang hod va dich vu, e Tai khoan tiét kiém (saving account), e Tai khoan cho vay (loan), e Cac dich vu vé tién mat nhu déi séc (check cashing) va déi ngoai té (foreign currency exchange). Bén loai ngan hang cung cap cdc dich vu nay bao gém: ngan hang thuong mai (commercial bank), té chife cho vay va tiét kiém (saving and loan association), ngan hang tiét kiém (saving bank) va té chife tin dung (credit union). Néu dinh nghia réng hon thi ngan hang 1a bat cut t@ chife tai chinh nao (financial institution) thyc hin céc nghiép vu nhan, chuyén (transfer), chi tra, trao déi (exchange), cho vay, dau tw (invest) hoac gitt tian cho khéch hang. Dinh nghia nay bao ham cd cdc té chife tai chinh tuy khéng duge goi 1a ngan hang nhung lai thyc hién m6t hoac nhiéu dich vu néu trong dinh nghia. Cac té chitc nay bao gém: cdc céng ti tai chinh (finance company), céng ti dau tu (investment company), ngan hang dau tu (investment bank), c6éng ti bao hiém (insurance company), quy tr¢ cap (pension fund), 56 nhéng cé nhan mua ban cé phan ching khodn (security dealen, cc c6ng ti thé chap (mortgage company), cac céng ti ddu ty bat déng s4n (real estate investment trust). Céc dich va ngan hang rat quan trong trong mot nén kinh té thi truéing ty do (free market economy) va phuc vu hai muc dich chinh. 1. Théng qua viéc cung cap cho khdch hang cdc phuong tién trao déi co ban (nhu tién mat, tai khodn vang lai va thé tin dung) ngan hang da déng mét vai trd chi chét trong cach thifc thanh toan (method of payment) hang hod va dich vu. Khéng cé nhitng phuong thifc quen thudc nay, hang hod chi 6 thé duge thanh todn bing cdch trao déi (barter) (déi hang lay hang), mét phuong thifc rat ton thdi gian va kém hiéu qua (a time-consuming and inefficient method). 2. Théng qua viéc nhan tién ma khach hang ki giti (money deposit) va cho vay khoan tién d6, ngan hang da thtic day sy luu théng cua tién (the flow of money), lam cho tién duge stt dung va dau tu cé higu qua hon. Diéu nay cing thtic day nén kinh té phat trién. Khong c6 suf lu thong nay thi céc khodn tién tiét kiém sé ctt nim mét ché trong két s&t (safe) hoac trong tui cia ai dé. Nhitng nguéi muén mua nha ho&c mua xe, nhiing doanh nghi¢p muén xay dung nha may dé lam ra sin phém va lam cho kinh té phat trién sé khong cé chd dé ma vay tién. Tao didu kién dé tién hw thong tY nhiing ngudi cé tién dén nhiing nha dau tr (investor) duge goi 1a trung gian tai chinh (financial intermediation), m6t diéu cuc ki quan trong trong mot nén kinh té tu do. R&t nhiéu dich vy ngan hang (banking service) ma hi¢n nay ching ta sit dung da xudt hien 6 Lydia, Phoenicia, Trung Quéc va Hi Lap cé dai, nhiing noi ma buén ban thwong mai (trade and commerce) rat phat trién. Khoang nam 2000 trudc Cong nguyén, céc 57ng6i dén 6 Babylon 1a noi ma ngudi ta cé thé vay tién ti ngan kho (treasury). Trong khi dé cdc ng6i dén & Hi Lap cé thi lai duge st dung nhu cdc nha kho kién cf dé gitt cdc dé vat quy Ngudi Hi Lap cdn dic tién xu (coin) va phat trién mot hé théng tin dung (system of credit). Dé ché La Ma cé mét hé thong ngan hang phat trién, noi ngudi ta cé thé vay tién va thé chap. Ngay nay, ngan hang Barcelona ¢ Tay Ban Nha dugc xem 1a ngan hang dau tién cung cap hu hét cdc chtfe nang ngan hang co ban (basic banking function). Duge thanh lap bdi cdc thuong gia (merchant) vao nim 1401, ngan hang nay cho phép ki giti, déi va cho vay tién. Ngudi ta cting cho ring day chinh la ngan hang da dua ra y tudng vé chi phiéu (check). Ba ngan hang niia cing dugc thanh lap ti rat sém do 1a ngan hang Amsterdam (1609), ngan hang Venice (1587) va ngan hang Hamburg (1619). Chinh nhting ngan hang nay da dat nén tang cho cdc ngan hang ki gtti va giao dich (transaction) hién nay. 58 TS} gNERYOQ, SR fe ¢ English -«/ OFFERING TO 00 THINGS AND ASKING PERMISSION TO DO THINGS There are times in your daily life that you see people in need. It’s better you give them a hand then. When you offer help, the following expressions are good for you to start the conversation: Can I help you? ~ May I help you? ~ Do you think you need help? ~ Let me ... for you. ~ Shall I... for you? = Would you like me to .., for you? ~Ill ... for you if you like. - Can I help you with that? Examples Let me carry it for you. It must be very heavy. The door seems to get stuck. Can | help you with that? 59In case you are offered some assistance, you may accept or refuse it. These expressions may be of help: Example A: Shall | move this table aside for you? B: Oh, that’s very kind of you. Thanks. = No, | don't think I have any p | Thanks for your kindness. Example A: May | help you with the bag? B: Oh, no, thank you. | can do it myself. However, there are times you may need to ask permission, because you need to be sure that you are allowed to do it. In these situations, think of the following questions before offering assistance: — What type of task do you want to do? ~ Are you able to have trouble when you ask permission to do it? ~ What is the relationship between you and the person you are talking to? 60 Here are some expressions that may be useful for you to rmission to do something: ~ I'd like to ... = Do you mind if I ...? — Is it OK if 1...? — Would it be alright if 1 ...? - I wonder if I could possibly ... ? =I hope you don’t mind, but would it be possible for me to ...? Example Do you mind if | open the window for you? Example A: Is it OK if | give you a hand? B: Yes, please. Thank you. A: Would it be alright if | unwrap this box for you? B: That's not a very good idea. 6162 4. Practice makes perfect 6 IL. Fill in the blanks with the following expressions to make complete dialogs. There are two expressions not to be used. — Oh, would you? Thanks a million. — Pl drive you to the station if you like. — Would it be alright if I clean the car for you? SMa ei ee ee = A beee? That’ very kind of you. a Can I help you with thal? I'm sorry, that’s not possible. A: Oh, it was a very nice party. The food was really delicious. Thanks a lot. B: No, no, it's alright. | can do it myself later. A: | hate it. | left my English book in the classroom. B: Shall | get it for you? | have something to do there. Br > : | wonder if | could possibly use your phone for a while? . It's out of order again unfortunately. A B: Err..., no, thank you. It's not very far from here and I'll walk. You see, | need some exercise A: Would you like me to get you a beer? a hanks in advance Work in pairs. Suppose that one student were having a problem, the other offered assistance. The former will accept or refuse the offer in suitable situations. Use the following prompts in your conversations. - Your friend were bored, sick, hungry, thirsty, exhausted, ... - Your friend had a bad mark, a traffic accident, a problem with the bike, ... Change the roles or your partners, and continue, Think of other problems. An English friend is coming to visit Ho Chi Minh City very soon. In about 100 words, write a letter to him/ her offering to be his/ her guide. In the letter, offer to help him/ her with the following points: Accommodation, Foods and drinks, Means of transportation, Excursions, Shopping, etc. 6364 a . The third planet from the sun is Q Earth O Pluto Q Mars . The scientific study of matter and motion is called QO Physics U Biology O Physiology . The science that deals with the Universe beyond the Earth is called O Chemistry QO Astronomy Q Psychology . The basic unit of power is called O electricity OD light Q watt 12. . Paleontology is the study of QO insects O birds Q ancient life forms . Solar energy is the energy the earth gets from the Q sun O moon O trees . A wide body of water created where a river meets the sea is called Q pond O lake O estuary . The absence of matter is called O Dave's head O vacuum O Physics 9. The second major planet 12. The sixth planet from the from the sun is sun is Q Venus QO Saturn Q Mercury Q Venus Q Saturn Q Earth 10. Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are called 13. How many continents does the earth have? O black stuff Qs QO fossil fuels Q9 O lava Q12 11. Mathematics is the study of 14. Light travels at a speed of QO animals Q 100,000 kilometers per Q science second QO numbers 1 30,000 kilometers per second OQ 300,000 kilometers per second | ye the answers on page 78. = 65RIG WHY WORRY? Shere are only two things to worry abouts Githeryou are Weller yaw are sick sp youare well, then there ianothing to worry about; But if youaresick there are only two things to worry abouts “Whether you will get well, ar whether you will die, Je you get well, there is nothing to wor about; ¢ Bat if youdio, there are only tro things @y to worry about: Whether youyo to Rearerar kell Sf you goto Rearen there is nothing to worry abouts Gnd if you go to hell you W beso busy shaking Randa with old friends, you Won't have time ta worry. SO WHY WORRY? SNe) C4. Dia Your Heart and Mind WE ARE NOT ALONE After my husband died suddenly from a heart attack on the tennis court, my world crashed around me. My six children were ten, nine, eight, six, three and eighteen months, and I was overwhelmed with the responsibilities of earning a living, caring for the children and just plain keeping my head above water. I was fortunate to find a wonderful housekeeper to care for the children during the week, but from Friday nights to Monday mornings, the children and I were alone, and frankly | was uneasy. Every creak of the house, every unusual noise, any late-night phone call — all filled me with dread. I felt incredibly alone. One Friday evening I came home from work to find a big beautiful German shepherd on our doorstep: This wonderful strong, animal gave every indication that he intended to enter the house and make it his home. I, however, was wary. Where did this obviously well-cared-for dog come from? Was it safe to let the children play with a strange dog? Even though he seemed gentle, he still was powerful and commanded respect. The children took an instant liking to ‘German’ and begged me to let him in. I agreed to let him sleep in the basement until the next day, when we could inquire around the neighborhood for his owner. That night I slept peacefully for the first time in many weeks. The following morning we made phone calls and checked lost- and-found ads for German's owner, but with no results, German, meanwhile, made himself part of the family and good-naturedly put up with hugs, wrestling and playing in the yard. Saturday night he was still with us, so again he was allowed to sleep in the basement. 67On Sunday I had planned to take the children on a picnic. Since I thought it best to leave German behind in case his owner came by, we drove off without him. When we stopped to get gas at a local station, we were amazed to see German racing to the gas station after us. He not only raced to the car, he leaped onto the hood and put his nose on the windshield, looking directly into my eyes. No way was he going to be left behind. So into the station wagon he jumped and settled down in the back for the ride to the picnic. He stayed again Sunday. Monday morning I let him out for a run while the children got ready for school. He didn’t come back. As evening came and German didn't appear, we were all disappointed. We were convinced that he had gone home or been found by his owners, and that we would never see him again. We were wrong. The next Friday evening, German was back on our doorstep. Again we took him in, and again he stayed until Monday morning, when our housekeeper arrived. This pattern repeated itself every weekend for almost 10 months. We grew more and more fond of German and we looked forward to his coming. We stopped thinking about where he belonged - he belonged to us. We took comfort in his strong, warm presence, and we felt safe with him near us. When we saw German come to attention and perk up his ears, and heard that low growl begin deep in his throat, we knew we were protected. ‘As German became part of the family, he considered it his duty to check every bedroom to be sure each child was snug in bed. When he was satisfied that the last person was tucked in, he took up his position by the front door and remained there until morning. Each week, between German's visits, I grew a little stronger, a little braver and more able to cope; every weekend I enjoyed his company. Then one Monday morning we patted his head and let him out for what turned out to be the last time. He never came back, We never saw or heard from German again. 68 I think of him often. He came when I needed him the most and stayed until I was strong enough to go on alone. Maybe there is a perfectly natural explanation for German's visits to our house — maybe his owner went away on weekends - maybe. I believe German was sent because he was needed, and because no matter how abandoned and alone we feel, somehow, somewhere, someone knows and cares. We are never really alone. Note to keep one’s head above water: c6 ging khéng dé mac ng ‘The future depend: on what we do in 69Can You Believe? Beethoven handled the violin awkwardly and preferred playing his own compositions instead of improving his technique. His teacher called him hopeless' as composer. Charles Darwin, father of the Theory of Evolution’, gave up a medical career and was told by his father, "You care for nothing but shooting, dogs and rat catching." In his autobiography, Darwin wrote, "J was considered by all masters and by my father, a very ordinary boy, vather below the common standard in intellect®.” Walt Disney was fired‘ by a newspaper editor for lack of ideas. Walt Disney also went ~—_bankrupt® several times before he built Disneyland. 70 Thomas Edison's teachers said he was too stupid to learn anything. Louis Pasteur was only a mediocre® student in undergraduate studies and ranked 15th out of 22 in chemistry. Albert Einstein did not speak until he was four years old and did not read until he was seven. His teacher described him as “mentally slow, unsociable and adrift’ forever in his foolish dreams”. He was expelled* and was refused admittance to the Zurich Polytechnic School. So, what do you think? Notes 1. hopeless (adj): vé vong 2. Theory of Evolution: Thuyét Tién Hoa 3, intellect (n): tri tug 4. to fire: sa thai (ngudi lam céng) khéng cho lam vige nifa 5. to go bankrupt: pha sin 6. mediocre (adj): tam thudng 7. adrift (adj): lang lang, lenh dénh 8, to expell: duéi, truc xudt WNAanswers Pages 12-22 I. 1, Rarely 6. No sooner 2. Onno account 7. Nowhere 3. Onlyit 8. Never 4. Not until 9. Little 5. Notonly 10. nor i. 1.B 3.A 5.B fh 9.A 2A 4A 6.A 8.B 10. B 2 3, 4. 5. 6. u 8. 9. 1 res 0. (I) The town council is not sure why the land developers have changed their plans. (I) Never in the world did | believe that this would happen. (C) (C) () Down the hall to the left are the offices that need to be painted. (C) (I) Hardly ever does it snow in this section of the country. (C) (I) In the state of California occur earthquakes regularly. (l) Should he ever call again, please tell him that | am not at home. NV. bd kneeled la © aa 12 13. does she play, sings have | been is / was he able to had he got, rang is / was, gives up / gave up should we lock had finished, was he allowed were the police able to has she been |. does he appear, seems had we set off, it began have | seen have | received . do / did they complain 16. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. had | opened, started had I answered, heard will such a discreet man betray will / do | talk is the notion of a gentleman's agreement applied did he lose, left Correct Not only before exercising should one stretch but after exercising as well, Correct A dry, cold climate is not suitable for beautiful skin, and neither is a hot climate. 73oe 2x 14, 16. 74 Only in 1865 were antiseptics first used. Not only do swallows build their nests inside farm buildings, but sparrows do as well. Correct Correct Not once has Lincoln been painted smiling. Not until the Middle Ages did glass become a major construction material. Under no circumstances should the staff members’ telephone numbers be given out Not until you have had a medical checkup should you start the exercise program Only when the institute is given funding will they be able to continue their research. Should an emergency arise, call 911 On the island remains the only representative of the Indian's handicraft. Never again will they stay in that hotel. Seldom can a movie hold my attention like this one. Not once have Steve and Jan invited us to their house. At no level of society do women have equal rights with men. . Not until then did | realize that | had made a big mistake. oe 12. 13. Rarely have | felt so upset about being criticized. So lonely did the sheriff feel that he was about to draw his revolver. Little did they know that they had passed the exam. At the top of the hill stood a solitary pine tree. In came Fred. 16. On went all the lights. 17. Nowhere else can you find so many happy people: 18. Not only has he a first-class brain but he is also a tremendously hard worker. 19. Seldom is it wise to disregard the advice that he gives. 20. By his side sat his faithful dog Vil. 1A 4. B 7A 10.C 13.C 2 5. B 8B 11.€ 14.C 3. D 6. D 9. B 12.B 16.B Pages 25 ~- 27 I 1. as slippery as an eel 6. as busy as a bee 2. as proud as a peacock 7. as stubborn as a mule 3. as brave asa lion 8. as blind as a bat 4. as deaf as a post 9. as easy as apie 5. as quiet as a mouse 10. as poor as a church mouse MW. 1. as straight as an arrow 6. as fresh as a daisy 2. as scarce as hen’s teeth 7. as quick as a flash 3. as dry asa bone 8. as strong as an ox 4. as regular as clockwork 9. as sick as a dog 5. as weak asa kitten 10. as stiff as a poker 75Pages 29 - 30 2 1h 3.e 5.b 7.9 9d 2a 4 6c Bf 10.1 u 2 1d Qi Sf fe 54 6b 7h Pages 34-35 1. bean, been 2. bear homophones on bear (con g&u) and bare (tran nhu nhéng)] 3. allowed: dugc phép, aloud: (ndi) Ion 4. stories [homophones on six stories (su méu chuyén) and six ‘storeys (sau tang lAu)] He dropped six stories: 6ng ta da giii ding sau mau chuyén He dropped six storeys: 6ng ta roi xuéng sau tang lau 5. pain [homophones on pain (con dau) and pane (6 kinh cUia)] 76 Pages 36 - 37 ‘BIL A |?0|K O° L 3Q)R ov oO =e. R R U *R)E|D L s R E P N ° L ™{H {I A E Learn the expressions 1. black sheep: someone who is considered unpleasant or disreputable 2. grey mood: lacking hope 3. red tape: bureaucracy 4. white elephant: an article or a household utensil no longer wanted by its owner (feel/ be/ become) blue: depressed with flying colors: very successfully green thumb: an ability to make plants grow well a yellow streak: a trace of cowardice purple With rage: extremely angry CDN awPages 62 - 63 L May | do the washing up for you? Oh, would you? Thanks a million. I'll drive you to the station if you like. ‘l 2 3. I'm sorry, that's not possible. 4 5. A beer? That's very kind of you Pages 64-65 Earth Physics Astronomy watt ancient life forms sun NORE wON A estuary 78 8. vacuum 9. Venus 10. fossil fuels 11. numbers 12. Saturn 13. 5 14. 300,000 kilometers per second SOS EBOOKS EBOOKS SOS SOS EBOOKS EBOOKS SOS MUC LUC INVERSION SIMILES IMPROVE YOUR SKILLS THROUGH IDIOMS AND EXPRESSIONS ENLARGE YOUR VOCABULARY Nouns From Verbs HAVE SOME FUN WITH HOMOPHONES! TRY THIS CROSSWORD! POEM A Friend's Smile SOME CITIES OF FRANCE WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART SHORT STORY The Man Who Stole Smoke DO YOU KNOW? Coiors In Culture HOC TU VUNG & MO RONG KIEN THUC Ngan Hang Va Nghiép Vu Ngan Hang EVERYDAY ENGLISH Offering To Do Things and Asking Permission To Do Things KNOWLEDGE QUIZ POEM Why Worry? FOR YOUR HEART AND MIND. We Are Not Alone CAN YOU BELIEVE? ANSWERS MUC LUC Hanh Nguyén Phan Thanh Ha Thue Vy Ngoc Lam Bich Ngoc Ngoc Tam Hoang Kim (St) Va Thi Hang Va Thi Hang Minh Béng (St) Thue Vy Va Thi Hang Trudng Son Ngoc Tam Ngoc Lam (St) Ngoc Thanh (St) Ngoc Thanh 5 23 28 32 34 36 38 39 42 45 — 56 59 64 67 70 72 79 79