Welding & NDT Services

RT Final Exam (General)

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Level - II

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There are 40 questions in this question paper. Exam time is 60 minutes.
Each Question have same weightage.
No negative marking, so try to attend every question.
This is close book exam; no books or reference material can be used during exam.
Fill the proper circle (dark with Blue/Black pen) in answer sheet.
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➢ Mobile phone are not allowed during exam, Normal calculator can be used, Programmable
calculator is not allowed.

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1. Increasing the kV setting on an X ray machine increases the:
(a) Penetrating power

(b) Short wavelength components of the X ray beam

(c) Radiation intensity

(d) All of the above

2. During the manufacturing of a casting, the purpose of a riser is:

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(a) To introduce molten metal into the mould

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(b) To provide additional molten metal to allow for shrinkage during solidification

(c) To allow excess heat to escape during solidification

(d) To provide a vent for excess steam to escape

(b)
Viewing a film in daylight
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3. An effective method of recognising a film artifact is:
(a)

Viewing film in reflected light from a viewer

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(c) Comparing both film shot with a double film technique

(d) All of the above

4. The main reason for using a casting is that:

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(a) Castings are stronger than other metal product forms

(b) Castings are normally of higher quality than other metal product forms

(c) Complex shapes of minimum weight are easily manufactured

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(d) None of the above

5. A change in which of the following parameters would require a new X ray exposure chart?
(a) kV

(b) Required film density

(c) Test piece thickness

(d) All of the above

6. Static marks on radiographic film are caused by:
(a) An improperly grounded X ray tube

(b) Scratches on the lead screens

(c) Poor film handling technique

(d) Old film

7. Of the following radiographic sources, which emits the most penetrating radiation?

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(a) Co-60

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(b) Ra-226

(c) Cs-137

(d) Ir-192

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8. Which of the following techniques would probably reduce the amount of back scattered radiation
reaching the film during a radiographic exposure?
(a) Using a finer grained film
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(b) Backing the cassette with a sheet of lead

(c) Removing lead screens

(d) All of the above

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9. Radiographic contrast is dependant on:
(a) Density

(b) Processing
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(c) Radiation energy

(d) All of the above

10. A plot of film density versus log of relative exposure is called:

(a) An H&D curve

(b) A sensitometric curve

(c) A characteristic curve

(d) All of the above

11. The most common material used for targets in X ray tubes is:
(a) Tungsten

(b) Copper

(c) Silver

(d) Beryllium

12. A dark crescent shaped spot, clearly in the base metal adjacent to a weld would probably be:

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(a) Burn through

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(b) Film crimp mark

(c) A crack

(d) A water spot on the film

(b)
Test piece

Cassette 35
13. Which of the following are potential sources of scattered radiation?
(a)
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(c) Floor

(d) All of the above

14. If the required exposure time for a 2220 GBq (60 curie) Ir-192 source is 2 minutes, what exposure time
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would be required at 1110 GBq (30 curie) source:
(a) 2/3 minutes

(b) 60 minutes

(c) 2 minutes
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(d) 4 minutes

15. An advantage of a larger grain film is:

(a) It has higher speed

(b) It has better definition

(c) It has lower speed

(d) None of the above

16. How does radiation intensity change with increasing distance from the source?
(a) Inversely with distance

(b) Inversely with the square of distance

(c) Directly with distance

(d) Directly with the square of distance

17. A weld discontinuity which consists of unmelted joint surfaces at the root, and which may be caused by

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poor fit- up, is called:

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(a) Hot short cracking

(b) A slag inclusion

(c) Incomplete penetration

(d) Burn through

(a) 35
18. Mottling due to X ray diffraction can be identified by:
Noting a large change between two successive exposures with the test piece rotated slightly about the
beam axis
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(b) Noting a slight change between two successive exposures with the test piece rotated slightly about the
beam axis

(c) Noting a characteristic pattern corresponding to the lattice spacing

(d) None of the above

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19. Which of the following welding discontinuities would be considered the most serious?
(a) Porosity
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(b) Incomplete penetration

(c) Crack

(d) Slag inclusions

20. A depression at the edge of a weld where the base metal has been melted during welding is called:
(a) Burn through

(b) Undercut

(c) Root concavity

(d) Root convexity

21. Which of the following would not be considered a film artifact?
(a) Sugar

(b) Chemical streaks

(c) PI lines

(d) Pressure marks

22. Gamma ray or high voltage X ray radiography, using film without lead screens, is likely to result in:

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(a) Mottling of the film

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(b) Increased geometric unsharpness

(c) No apparent difference, but increased exposure time

(d) No apparent difference, but decreased exposure time

(b)
Small focal spot

Small film focal distance 35

23. Which of the following would be detrimental to radiographic image sharpness?
(a)
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(c) Small object to film distance

(d) None of the above

24. A change in which the following parameters would require a new X ray exposure chart?
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(a) kV

(b) X ray machine

(c) Test piece thickness

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(d) All of the above

25. If the required exposure time for a 1850 GBq (50 curie) Ir-192 source is 4 minutes, what exposure time
would be required for 925 GBq (25 curie) source:
(a) 4 minutes

(b) 8 minutes

(c) 2 minutes

(d) 16 minutes
26. A radiograph is made using film X with an exposure of 10 mA-min. Film density obtained in the area of
interest is 1.0. If it is desired to achieve a density of 2.0 in the area of interest, what exposure is required?
(Log relative exposure = 1.1 for a density of 1.0 and 1.62 for a density of 2.0)
(a) 41.67 mA-min

(b) 10 mA-min

(c) 12.6 mA-min

(d) 33.1 mA-min

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27. The least offensive of the following welding discontinuities would probably be:

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(a) Incomplete penetration

(b) Lack of fusion

(c) Slag inclusions

(d) Porosity

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28. A quantity calculated by the formula, 0.693/(decay constant), is called:
(a) Half value layer
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(b) Mass attenuation constant

(c) Half-life

(d) Specific activity

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29. The density difference displayed from one area of a film radiograph to another is called:
(a) Subject contrast

(b) Radiographic contrast

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(c) Film contrast

(d) Film latitude

30. The half-life of Co-60 is approximately:

(a) 74 days

(b) 129 days

(c) 5.3 years

(d) 30.1 years

31. Increasing the mA setting on an X ray machine:
(a) Decreases exposure time

(b) Increases exposure time

(c) Increases the short wavelength components of the X ray beam

(d) Decreases the short wavelength components of the X ray beam

32. Which of the following would be considered a film artifact?

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(a) Excessive film density

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(b) Light leaks

(c) Inadequate penetration

(d) Sugar

(b)
Small focal spot

Large film focal distance 35

33. Which of the following would be detrimental to radiographic image sharpness?
(a)
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(c) Small object to film distance

(d) None of the above

34. The half-life of Ir-192 is approximately:

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(a) 74 days

(b) 129 days

(c) 5.3 years

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(d) 30.1 years

35. A dark crescent shaped mark in the centre of a weld bead radiographic image would probably be:
(a) A film artifact

(b) Porosity

(c) A tungsten inclusion

(d) Root concavity

36. A photon-nuclear interaction in which energy is converted into sub-atomic particles is called:
(a) The photoelectric effect

(b) The Compton effect

(c) Pair production

(d) Bremsstrahlung

37. An interaction in which radiation is produced by the rapid deceleration of an electron is called:

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(a) The photoelectric effect

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(b) The Compton effect

(c) Pair production

(d) Bremsstrahlung

38. The gamma factor of Tm-170 is:

(a)

(b)
1.37 R·h-1·Ci-1 at one metre

0.59 R·h-1·Ci-1 at one metre 35

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(c) 0.0062 R·h-1·Ci-1 at one metre

(d) 0.38 R·h-1·Ci-1 at one metre

39. An exposed radiographic film which transmits 1% of the light incident on it has what density:
(a) 1.0
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(b) 2.0

(c) 99.0

(d) 0.5
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40. If the radiation intensity is 5 Gy/h (500 R/h) at a distance of 152.4 cm (5 feet) from a source, what is the
intensity at 1524 cm (50 feet)?
(a) 0.5 Gy/h (50 R/h)

(b) 1.0 Gy/h (100 R/h)

(c) 0.1 Gy/h (10 R/h)

(d) 0.05 Gy/h (5 R/h)