Empowerment Technology

Lesson 1: Information and Communications Technology

Information and Communications Technology (ICT)

- deals with the use of different communication technologies such as mobile phones,
telephone, internet, etc., to locate, save, send and edit information.

Internet - means “inter-networking”.

Web Browser - a software installed on your Computer system which allows you to locate, view
and navigate the web.

Web - or World wide web (w3) is basically a system of the internet that supports specially
formatted documents.

Types of Wed:
1. Static Web Page (web 1.0)
- is known as flat page or stationary page. [web master —> web ←- users]
- it is changeless, no interactions between other users and the page.
- only used for viewing and reading; doesn't contain designs and only texts.

2. Dynamic Web Page (web 2.0)

- the evolution of web. 1.0 by adding dynamic web pages
- the user is able to see a website differently than others.
- enables users to have interactions. (ex. Facebook, Instagram, Twitter)
- features:
1. Folksonomy - allows users to categorize and classify /arrange information.; # - pound
sign using freely chosen keywords. (e.g., tagging)

2. Rich User Experience - the content is dynamic and is responsive to users input.

3. User's Participation - the owner of the website is not only one who is able to put content;
others are able to place content of their own.

4. Long Tail - services that are offered on demand rather than on a one-time purchase.

5. Software as a Service - users will subscribe to a software only when needed rather than
purchasing them.

6. Mass Participation - a universal web access leads to differentiation of concerns from the
traditional internet user base.
3. Semantic Web Page (web 3.0)
- to include semantic content.
- is a movement led by the World Wide Consortium (WWC). encourages the developers in the
web pages; the term is coined by the inventor of the World wide web (www), Tim Berners-Lee;
He also noted that this web is a component for web.
- aims to have machines, servers and sites that can understand the users specific preferences.
- based on your online or search history.

4. Mobile Web (web 4.0)

- connects all devices in the real and virtual world in real time.

5. Symbiotic Web (web 5.0)

- will be about emotional interaction between humans and computers.
- the content is based on your emotions.

Digital Native
- a generation of people who grew up in the era of technology, computers and online
devices, they started at a young age learning and navigating technology devices.

Web Browsers: Firefox, Safari, Chrome(most used), Microsoft Edge, Opera

Search Engines: Google(most used), Yahoo

As the world of ICT continues to grow, the industry has focused on several innovations.

Trends of ICT:
1. Convergence
- using several technologies to accomplish a task conveniently.

2. Social Media
- is a website, application or online channels that enables web users to create, co-
create, discuss, modify and exchange user-generated content.
- according to Nielsen, a global information and measurement company, Internet
users spend more time on social media sites than in any other type of site.
Types of Social Media:
1. Social Network - are sites that allow you to connect with other people with the
same interests or backgrounds.
2. Bookmarking Sites - are sites that allow you to store and manage links to various
websites and resources. (ex. Pinterest, Twitter)
3. Social News - are sites that allow users to post their own new items or links to
other news sources. (ex. Reddit, Digg, Fark)
4. Media Sharing - are sites that allow you to upload and share media content like
images, music and video. (ex. Tumbler, Flickr, Facebook)
 5. Microblogging - are sites that focus on short updates from the user; those
subscribed to the user will be able to receive these updates. (ex. Twitter,
Tumbler)
6. Blogs and Forums - are websites that allow users to post their content; other
users are able to comment on the said topic. (ex. Tumbler, Wordpress)

3. Mobile Technologies
- the popularity of smartphones and tablets has taken a major rise over the years;
several of these devices are capable of using high-speed internet.
- the latest mobile devices use 5g Networking, which is currently the fastest mobile
network. Also, mobile devices use different operating systems such as iOS and
android.
- Philippines is in 83rd spot out of 180 countries in mobile internet speed as of
June 2023 by Ookla Reports.

4. Assistive Media
- a non-profit service designed to help those who have visual and reading
impairments.
- a database of audio recording is used to read to the user.
- the Philippines tops the world again for time spent using social media this year,
making it the 6th straight year it has done so. According to the report, Filipinos
spend an average of 4 hours and 15 minutes each day on social media, which is
22 minutes higher than last year's average of 3 hours and 53 minutes, and 3
minutes higher than 2019’s average of 4 hours and 12 minutes.
- Philippines is the third largest and fastest growing smartphone market of
smartphones in southeast asia.
Lesson 2: Online Netiquette

Netiquette
- Is a combination of the words network and etiquette, and is defined as a set of rules for
acceptable online behavior.
- - is a network etiquette, the do’s and don’ts of online communication.

Internet
- is defined as the information superhighway.
- means that anyone has access to this highway, can place information and can grab that
information.

Online Security and Safety:

- The internet, truly, is a powerful tool, it can be used to promote your business, gain new
friends, and stay in touch with the old ones.
- It is also a source of entertainment through games, online communities and everything in
between.
- But like most things in this world, there is always the “other side of the coin”.
- The internet is one of the most dangerous places, especially if you do not know what you
are doing with it.

Tips to Stay Safe Online:

1. Be mindful of what you share online and what site you share it to.
2. Do not just accept terms and conditions; read it.
3. Check out the privacy policy page of a website to learn how the website handles the
information you share.
4. Know the security features of the social networking sites you use. By keeping your
profile private, search engines will not be able to scan your profile.
5. Do not share your password to anyone.
6. Avoid logging in public networks/Wi-Fi. Browsing in “incognito (or private) mode,” a
feature of the browser, will not protect you from hackers.
7. Privacy mode or “private browsing” or “incognito mode” is a privacy feature in some web
browsers to disable browsing history.
8. Do not talk to strangers whether online or face-to-face.
9. Never post anything about future vacation.
10. Add friends you know in real life.
11. Avoid visiting untrusted websites.
12. Install and update antivirus software on your computer. Use only one anti-virus software
to avoid conflicts.
13. If you have Wi-Fi at home, make it a private network by adding a password.
14. Avoid downloading anything from untrusted websites.
15. By the software; do not use pirated ones.
16. Do not reply or click links from suspicious emails.
Internet Threats:
> Malwares - stands for Malicious Software. This software is specifically designed to gain
access to or damage a computer, usually without the knowledge of the owner.
a) Virus - stands for Vital Information Resources Under Siege. It is a malicious
program designed to replicate itself and transfer one computer to another either
through the internet and local networks or data storages like flash drives and
CD’s. This attaches to an executable file and it requires human action to spread.
b) Worm - stands for Write Once, Read Many. (ex. Email Worms through
compromised emails). It is a malicious program that transfers from one computer
to another by any type of means. Often it uses a computer network to spread
itself. It can replicate itself on a system and does not require human action to
spread.
c) Trojan - is a malicious program that is disguised as a useful program but once
downloaded or installed leaves your PC unprotected and allows hackers to get
your information. It appears useful but damages system and it requires human
action to run, do not self-replicate
d) Rogue Security System - a form of malicious software and Internet fraud that
misleads users into believing there is a virus on their computer, and manipulates
them into paying money for a fake malware removal tool (that actually introduces
malware to the computer).
e) Spyware - is a program that runs in the background without you knowing it (thus
called “spy”). It has the ability to monitor what you are currently doing and typing
through keylogging.
f) Keylogger - is used to record the keystroke done by the users. This is done to
steal their password or any other sensitive information.
g) Adwares - it is a program designed to send you advertisements, mostly as pop-
ups.
h) Spam - these are unwanted emails mostly from bots or advertisers. It can be
used to send malware.
i) Phishing - Its goal is to acquire sensitive personal information like passwords and
credit card details.

Copyright Infringement - it is the use of protected by copyright without permission, infringing

certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce,
distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works.

Intellectual Property - If you create something—-an idea, an invention, a form of literary works,
or a research, you have the right as to how it should be used by others. In other words, the
copyright law includes your rights over your works, and anyone who uses it without your
consent is punishable by law.

Tips that could help you avoid Copyright Infringement:

1. Understand - copyright protects literary works, photographs, paintings, drawing, film,
music (and lyrics), choreography and sculptures, but it generally does not protect
 underlying ideas and facts. This means you can express something using your own
words, but you should give credit to the source.
2. Be Responsible - even if a material does not say that it is copyrighted, it is not a valid
defense against copyright. Be responsible enough to know if something has copyright.
3. Be Creative - Ask yourself whether what you are making is something made from
somebody else's creativity. It is important to add your own creative genius in everything
that will be credited to you.
4. Know the Law - there are also provisions for “Fair Use” which mean an intellectual
property may be used without consent as long as it is in commentaries, news reports,
researches, etc.
Lesson 3: Advanced Presentation Skills

Powerpoint Softwares:
- Google Slide
- Haiku Deck
- Slideshark
- MS PPT
- Canva

Microsoft PowerPoint
- is a computer software created by Microsoft which allows the user to create slides with
recording, narrations, transitions and other features in order to present information.
- consists of slide, outline, notes pane, task pane, ribbon, zoom slider and view tab.
- file extension: .pptx

Basic Parts of MS PowerPoint:

1. Slides - is an area wherein you can put the content of your presentation like pictures,
tables, videos, etc. Also displays the active slide of your presentation.
2. Outline Pane - located on the left side of the interface, the Slides Pane shows
thumbnails of all the slides in the open presentation.
3. Notes Pane - this displays under the slide and allows you to type notes regarding the
active slide.
4. Task Pane - is found on the right of the PowerPoint presentation and displays so many
options like getting started, PowerPoint help, slide, new presentation, design, templates,
color schemes, animation themes.

Creating an Effective Presentation:

1. Minimize - keep slide counts to minimum to maintain a clear message and to keep the
audience attentive; remember that the presentation is just a visual aid
2. Clarity - avoid being fancy by using a font style that is easy to read; use classic fonts
such as Georgia, Times New Roman, Calibri and Arial. The advisable font styles are at
least 1 to 2. Make sure that is also big enough to be read by the audience. Once you
start making your presentation, consider how big the screen is during your report.
3. Simplicity - use bullets or short sentences. Summarize the information on the screen to
have your audience focus on what the speaker is saying rather than reading the slide.
Limit the content to six lines and seven words per line. This is known as the 6x7 rule.
4. Visual - use graphics to help your presentation but not too many to distract the audience.
Use White Space - no design, where the eyes of the viewers can rest. In addition,
instead of using tables of data, we can use charts and graphs.
5. Contrast - use a light font on a dark background or vice versa. This is done so that it is
easier to read. Use light font in dark backgrounds and dark fonts in light backgrounds.
6. Consistency - make your design uniform. Avoid having different font styles and
backgrounds.
Hyperlink
- is a connection from one slide to another slide in the same presentation (such as a
hyperlink to a custom show) or to a slide in another presentation, an email, address, a
Web page, or a file.

Steps to Insert a Hyperlink:

1. Select an object or highlight a text.
2. Go to Insert tab > Hyperlinks or use the shortcut key Ctrl + k. The Insert Hyperlink dialog
box will appear.
3. When done, click Ok to apply your hyperlink.

Existing file or web - creates a hyperlink to a website or a local file saved in your hard drive.
Place in this - creates a hyperlink that allows you to jump to a specific side in your presentation.
Create New - creates a hyperlink that once clicked, creates a new document on your specified
location.
Email Address - creates a hyperlink that opens MS Outlook that automatically adds your
specified recipient on a new email.

Animations
- these are used to animate pictures, graphics, texts, etc.

4 Types of Animations:
1. Entrance - this animates the way the element or objects appears.
2. Exit - this animates the way the element leaves the slide.
3. Motion Path - this moves the element around on the slide in various ways.
4. Emphasis - this increase or decreases the importance of the element by changing its
color, style and etc,

Three ways to Control Animations:

1. On Click - this will hold the animation until you click the mouse.
2. With Previous - this will play the animation at the same time as the previous animation
on that slide.
3. After Previous - this will automatically start the after any previous animations.

Transitions
- these control the way slides move into view.

Two ways to Control Transitions:

1. On Mouse Click
2. After

Trigger
- is an object that you click to cause animation to occur on a slide.
Inserting an Audio:
1. Go to Insert Tab.
2. Under Media Group, choose Audio.
3. Under the Audio:
4. Browse your Audio
5. Choose the audio and click the Insert button.
Lesson 4: Microsoft Word

Microsoft Word
- Microsoft Word or MS-WORD (often called Word) is a graphical word processing
program that users can type with.
- Its purpose is to allow users to type and save documents. Similar to other word
processors, it has helpful tools to make documents.

Advanced Word Processing Tools:

1.) Illustrations Group - The illustrations group menu under the insert tab showing the kinds
of materials you can integrate with MS Word.
2.) Insert Tab

Pictures
- Generally, these are electronic or digital pictures or photographs you have saved in any
local storage device.
- There are (3) three commonly used types of picture files. You can identify them by the
extension on their file names.
1.) JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) - This identifies the kind of data
compression process that is used to make it more compatible and portable
through the internet.
- This type of image file can support 16.7 million colors that is why it is
suitable for use when working full color photographic images.
- It does not support transparency and does not work well on lettering, line
drawings, or simple graphics .JPG images are relatively small in file size.

2.) GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) - This type of image file is capable of
displaying transparencies and animations.
- This is much better for logos, drawings, small text, black and white
images, or low resolution files and it can only support 256 colors.

3.) PNG (Portable Network Graphics) - It is also good with transparencies but unlike
GIFs, it does not support animations but it can display up to about 16 million
colors.
- This allows control of the transparency level or capacity of images.

Online Pictures
- This is used to insert a picture from the web.
- On the insert tab, click online pictures, and in the search Bing box, type a word that
describes the picture you’re looking for, such as “cat”.
Shapes
- These are printable objects or materials that you can integrate in your document to
enhance its appearance or to allow you to have some tools to use for composing and
representing ideas or messages.

Smart Art
- These are predefined sets of different shapes grouped together to form ideas that are
organizations or structural in nature.

Chart
- This allows you to present data characteristics and trends. This is quite useful when you
are preparing reports that correlate and present data in a graphical matter.

Screenshot
- MS Word provides a snipping tool for your screenshots so you can select and display
only the part that you exactly like to capture on your screen.

Text Wrapping
Text Wrap - is a feature supported by many word processors that enables you to
surround a picture or diagram with text.
1.) Inline with text - this is the default setting for images that are inserted or
integrated in your document. It treats your image like a text font with the
bottom side totally aligned with the text.
2.) Square - This setting allows the image you inserted to be placed
anywhere within the paragraph with the text going around the image in a
square pattern like frame.
3.) Tight - This is almost the same as the square setting, but here the text
‘’hugs’’ or conforms to the general shape of the image.
4.) Through - It allows the text on your document to flow even tighter taking
the contours and shape of the image.
5.) Top and Bottom - It pushes the text away vertically to the top and/or the
bottom of the image so that the image occupies a whole text line on its
own.
6.) Behind Text - This allows your image to be dragged and placed anywhere
on your document but with all the text floating in front of it. It effectively
makes your image look like a background.
7.) In Front of text - This setting allows your image to be placed right on top
of the text as if your image was dropped right on it. This means whatever
part of the text you placed the image on, it will be covered by the image.
Lesson 5: Advanced Spreadsheet Skills

Microsoft Excel
- It is a spreadsheet program that can present tables of values arranged in rows and
columns that can be manipulated mathematically using both basic and complex
arithmetic operations and functions.
- This provides an automated way of displaying any statistical data.
- It can be used to automatically compute several factors that are not easy to notice
especially when faced with large data.
- This also includes several arithmetic and basic functions that help the user to compute
faster.

Parts of Microsoft Excel:

1.) Cell - It is an individual rectangular box located in the central area of the worksheet.
2.) Active Cell - It is recognized by its green outline, data is always entered into the active
cell.
3.) Formula - This displays the contents of the active cell. It can also be used for entering or
editing data and formulas.
4.) Sheet - By default, is one worksheet in an Excel 2013 File. The tab at the bottom of a
worksheet tells you the name of the worksheet - such as Sheet1, Sheet2, etc.
5.) Columns - This runs vertically on a worksheet and each is identified by a letter in the
column header.
6.) Rows - This runs horizontally on a worksheet and each one is identified using a number.
7.) Name - This displays the cell that is currently selected in the spreadsheet and it displays
the name of the cell.

Different Mouse Cursors:

1.) ARROW (Mouse) - This allows you to select command in the ribbon
2.) THICK CROSS (Mouse Point) - This enables you to select a cell or a range of cells.
3.) I - BEAM (Mouse) - This allows you to select text within the formula bar.
4.) THIN CROSS (Mouse Point) - It is used to copy cell content
5.) DOUBLE-HEADED ARROW (Mouse) - It allows you to adjust the column width and row
height.

Formulas
- These are the instructions for excel to perform calculations. This can be written on the
Formula Bar.
- A formula can consist of any of these elements: Operators, Labels, Values, Equal Sign,
Range, Criteria, and Functions.
1.) Operator - These are symbols which represent various arithmetic and
comparison operations you perform on the operands.( =, +, -, *, /, <, >, ^)
2.) Labels - These are descriptive pieces of information, such as names, months, or
other identifying statistics, and they usually include alphabetic characters. (EX.
MS Excel, July)
 3.) Values - These are generally raw numbers or dates (EX. 2406)
4.) Equal - The format for the basic formula normally starts with the equal sign. EX.
=A1+A2
5.) Range - It is a group or block of cells in a worksheet that have been selected or
highlighted. EX. =A1:A5
6.) Criteria - This is a value or label that determines if a cell is part of the range to be
averaged. EX. =countif(A1:A4,’’YES’’)
7.) Function - These are the predefined formulas and are already available in Excel.
EX. =SUM(A1:A4)

MICROSOFT EXCEL DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS:

1.) Sum - It is a function used to compute the summation of the number of a range. EX.
=SUM(A1:A4)
2.) Count - It is a function used to count the cells with the content in a range. EX.
=COUNT(A1:A4)
3.) Average - It is a function used to compute the average of the number of a range. EX.
=AVERAGE(A1:A4)
4.) Max - A function used to get the largest value from a list of supplied numbers. EX.
=MAX(A1:A4)
5.) Min - A function used to get the lowest value from a list of supplied numbers. EX.
=MIN(A1:A4)
6.) If - This function is used to check whether a condition is met and returns one value if
TRUE and another value is FALSE. EX. =IF(B2>=10,’’TRUE, ‘’FALSE’’)
7.) CountIF - A function used to count the cells with a specified content within a range. EX.
=COUNTIF (A1:A4,’’YES’’)
8.) SumIF - A function used to count the cells for the summation of a range if a certain
condition is met. EX. =SUMIF(A1:A4, ‘’>=5)

MICROSOFT EXCEL COMMON FORMULA:

1.) ### - When the cell contains this error code, the column isn’t wide enough to display the
value.
2.) #NAME? - The #NAME? error occurs when Excel does not recognize the text in the
formula.
3.) #VALUE! - Excel displays the #VALUE! error when a formula has the wrong type of
argument.
4.) #DIV/0! - Excel displays the #DIV/0! error when a number is divided by zero (0).
5.) #REF! - Excel displays the #REF! error when a formula refers to a cell that is not valid.

MICROSOFT EXCEL CONDITION FORMATTING:

- It is a feature of Excel which allows you to apply a format to a cell or a range of cells
based on certain criteria.
- A common use of conditional formatting is to highlight values in a set of data.
Data Validation
- It is a feature in Excel used to control what a user can enter into a cell.

Data
- This is implemented via rules defined in Excel’s user interface on the Data Tab of the
ribbon.
> Allow you to:
- Make a list of entries that restricts the values allowed in a cell
- Create a prompt message explaining the kind of data allowed in a cell.
- Create messages that appear when incorrect data has been entered.
- Set a range of numeric values that can be entered in a cell.