What is Geology

• Geology is the science which is devoted

to the study of earth. It deals with all of
the earth’s surface and with the origin,
composition, structure and inhabitants of
the earth.
Branches of Geology

• Physical Geology:
It is concerned with
the work of natural
processes which
bring about
changes upon the
earth’s surface.
• Petrology: the
discussion of
different kinds of
rocks is known as
petrology.
• Mineralogy: The
study of minerals,
its composition &
properties.
• Structural
Geology: It
includes the study
of the structures of
the rocks in the
earth’s crust.
• Stratigraphy:
which studies rock
layers (strata) and
layering
(stratification).
• Palaeontology: It
deals with the
study of fossils.
• Historical Geology:
The study of earth
evolution, changes in
lands and seas,
mountain building
and destruction,
fossil succession
through time, and
history of the solar
system.
• Economic Geology: It
deals with the study of
minerals of economic
importance. OR
“Economic geology is
concerned with earth
materials that can be used
for economic and/or
industrial purposes. ”
• Mining Geology:
It is concerned with
the study of
application of
geology to mining
engineering.
• Engineering
geology: It
includes the study
of application of
geology to civil
engineering.