14-3-2024

Task 1 : Hierarchical inheritance-based Java code for a library management

// Parent class
class LibraryItem {
protected String title;
protected int year;
protected String author;

public LibraryItem(String title, int year, String author) {

// assign the value to class fields
}

public void displayInfo() {

// write code for display title,year, author
}
}

// Child class inheriting from LibraryItem

class Book extends LibraryItem {
private int pageCount;

public Book(String title, int year, String author, int pageCount) {

super(fill this field);
this.pageCount = pageCount;
}

public void displayInfo() {

super.displayInfo();
System.out.println("Page Count: " + pageCount);
}
}

// Child class inheriting from LibraryItem

class Journal extends LibraryItem {
private String publisher;

public Journal(String title, int year, String author, String publisher) {

super(title, year, author);
this.publisher = publisher;
}

public void displayInfo() {

super.displayInfo();
System.out.println("Publisher: " + publisher);
}
}

// Main class
public class LibraryManagementSystem {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Book book = new Book("Java Programming", 2020, "John Smith", 500);
 Journal journal = new Journal("Science Journal", 2021, "Scientific Society", "Science Press");

System.out.println("Book Information:");
book.displayInfo();
System.out.println();

System.out.println("Journal Information:");
journal.displayInfo();
}
}

Task :: modify the code by adding 10 different books details and display it

Task 2 write content into the file using FileWriter

import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;

public class WriteToFileExample {

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
//throws IOException {
String content = "Hello, world! This is a sample text to write to a file.";

// Specify the file path

String filePath = "output.txt";

// Write content to file

FileWriter writer = new FileWriter(filePath);
writer.write(content);
writer.close();
System.out.println("Data has been written to " + filePath);
}
}

Modify the code such a way that user can enter the text from the console window and display it.

Note : “throws IOException” this part I will explain in the class . for the time being type as it is. It
is basically used for handling error

Task 3 reading data from a file

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;

public class ReadFromFileExample {

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// Specify the file path
String filePath = "output.txt";
 // Read content from file
FileReader fileReader = new FileReader(filePath);
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(fileReader);

String line;
while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println(line);
}

bufferedReader.close();
}
}

End of today’s lab task

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Warm-up questions

 Explain the concept of method nesting in Java and analyze its role in enhancing code
structure and readability. Include examples to support your discussion.

 Explain nesting of methods in java

class nesting{
int x,y;
nesting(int a, int b)
{
x=a;
y=b;
}
int large()
{
if(x>=y)
return (x);
else
return (y);
}

void display()
{
int lar=large();
System.out.println("result="+lar);
}
};
class myclass1
{
public static void main(String[] args) {
 nesting n=new nesting(40,30);
n.display();
}
}

Precvious class code

Just for your understanding how we can access a private variable in another class

// Superclass with a private variable

class Superclass {
private int privateVariable;

public Superclass(int privateVariable) {

this.privateVariable = privateVariable;
}

public void display() {

System.out.println("Private variable in superclass: " + privateVariable);
}

// Getter method to access the private variable

public int getPrivateVariable() {
return privateVariable;
}

// Setter method to modify the private variable

public void setPrivateVariable(int privateVariable) {
this.privateVariable = privateVariable;
}
}

// Subclass extending the superclass

class Subclass extends Superclass {
public Subclass(int privateVariable) {
super(privateVariable);
}

public void displayFromSubclass() {

// Now accessing privateVariable through getter method
System.out.println("Private variable in subclass: " + getPrivateVariable());
}
}

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Subclass obj = new Subclass(10);
obj.display(); // This will print "Private variable in superclass: 10"
obj.displayFromSubclass(); // This will print "Private variable in subclass: 10"
}
}

Class model for library management as part of your project , just to understand how many classes
and its hierarchy