INDIAN

GEOGRAPHY
Air Transport
• Airways in India started in 1911.

• Indian National Airways Company was started in 1933.

• All the airway companies were nationalised in 1953 and were put under two corporations namely —

Indian Airlines and Air India.

• An integrated civil aviation policy 'National Civil Aviation Policy (NACP), 2016' was notified in June,

2016. The Regional Connectivity Scheme (RCS)-UDAN was envisaged in NACP with the twin

objectives of promoting balanced regional growth and making flying affordable for masses.
• Airports Authority of India (AAI), came into being in April 1995, is a Mini Ratna- Category - IPSE

involved in building, upgrading, maintaining and managing airports infrastructure across the

country. It owns and maintains 125(96-operational and 29-non-operational) airports comprising 21

International airports, 77 domestic airports and 19 domestic civil enclaves.

• The present capacity of Indian Airports is 282 MPPA (Million Passenger Per Annum).

• Consequent upon merger of erstwhile Air lndia Ltd. and Indian Airlines, a new company viz.,

National Aviation Company of India Ltd. (NACIL) was incorporated, which is known as "Air India"

and the appointed date of merger is 1 April 2007. The "Maharaja" is retained as its mascot.
• Air India Ltd. (with registered office in New Delhi) is basically a passenger oriented airlines

operating to 72 online domestic stations (including Alliance Air) and 42 international destinations

in 28 countries. It is in transport services sector under the administrative control of the Ministry of

Civil Aviation, Govt, of India.

• Rajiv Gandhi National Aviation University (RGNAU), a Central University under the administrative

control of Ministry of Civil Aviation, has been established by the Rajiv Gandhi National Aviation

University Act 2013. It is situated at Fursatganj, Raebareli in Amethi district of Uttar Pradesh.

• Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Udan Akademi (IGRUA) was set up at Fursatganj, Raebareli (U.P).

• Govt, of India has raised FDI limit for 49 to 100% in scheduled and non-scheduled air transport

services.
GAGAN

• GPS Aided Geo Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) system is a prestigious satellite based

augmentation system of India, jointly developed by Airports Authority of India (AAl)and Indian

Space Research Organisation (ISRO) for enhanced Air Navigation Services across the country.

• It is fully operational since May 2015 and available on 24x7 basis. Presently GAGAN Signal-in-

Space is available to users from two geostationary satellites (GSAT-8 and GSAT-10) and third

Geo satellite GSAT-15 is in the process of integration with GAGAN system.

 World’s First Fully Electric Commercial Plane

• The world’s first fully electric, commercial aircraft took its inaugural test flight on December

10,2019 taking off from the Canadian city of Vancouver.

Maritime Transport

• The Central Water Tribunal was established in 1887.

• Its headquarter is in Kolkata.

• The waterways of the country have been divided into Internal waterways and Oceanic waterways.
IWAI (Inland Waterways Authority of India)

• The IWAI came into existence on 27 th October 1986 for development and regulation of inland

waterways for shipping and navigation.

• The Authority primarily undertakes projects for development and maintenance of IWT infrastructure

on national water ways through grant received from Ministry of Shipping.

• The Head Office of the IWAI is at NOIDA.

• The authority also has its regional offices at Patna, Kolkata' Guwahati and Kochi and sub-offices at

Allahabad, Varanasi, Bhagalpur, Farakka, Hemnagar Dibrugarh, Kollam, Chennai and Vijaywada.
Internal Waterway

• This transport is through rivers, canals and lakes.

• India has got about 14,544 km of navigable waterways which comprise rivers, canals, backwaters,

creeks etc.

• About 55 million tonnes of Cargo is being moved annually by Inland Water Transport (IWT).

• The waterway from Haldia to Allahabad was made a National Water way in 1986.
Oceanic Waterway
• India has 12 major and about 200 non major ports along India's Coastline which is about 7,517 km.

• The 6 major ports - Kolkata, Paradip, Vishakhapatnam, Kamarajar (Ennore), Chennai and VO.

Chidambaranar are on the east cost and the other 6 major ports viz., Cochin, New Mangalore,

Mormugao Mumbai, Jawaharlal Nehru Port (JNPT, Sheva, Nay-Mumbai) and Deendayal (earlier

known as Kandla) Port are on the west coast. These major ports are under direct control of the

Central Govt, and fall in Union List 7th Schedule of the constitution.
• Large ports are maintained by the central government whereas small ports are included in the

concurrent list and are managed by the state government.

• Largest port of India is Jawahar Lal Nehru Port in Mumbai.

• The largest natural port is in Vishakhapatnam.

• Deendayal Port (erstwhile Kandla Port) in Gujarat is a tidal port. It has been made into a free trade

zone.

• Haldia Port (WB) is said to be developed as the first Green Port of India.
NEXT>>>>
• Census
THAN K YOU