11-29-22

2-SEDM1 EDUC 201

ACTIVITY 1

Assignment read lesson 3 Module1 pp 23 -29 .

Answer the ff : What are the ideas of the ff. theorists about the fundamental theories
related to the learners development.

1. Psychosexual Theory of Sigmund Freud

The intellect, ego, and subconscious three parts of a personality highlighted by Freud in this
theory. He compares the subconscious mind of a person like an iceberg. Id is the unconscious
principle of pleasure, Ego is the conscious principle of reality, and Superego is the unconscious
principle of morality. His thesis outlined how unconsciously held memories, impulses, and
thoughts affect human conduct. The oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages of
psychosexual development, in which the satisfying of requirements or inability to do so
contributes to the learner's development, are also highlighted by him.

2. Erikson’s Psycho-Social Theory of Development.

According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, ego identity is attained by overcoming obstacles and
achieving goals over the course of eight developmental stages throughout a lifetime. Each
psychological stage is characterized by two conflicting emotional factors, known as opposed
dispositions, that cause a crisis that needs to be addressed. A person's psychology is at risk if a
crisis is not handled as quickly as possible. The achievement of a fundamental virtue and a
healthy personality follow a conflict's effective resolution, nevertheless. These character traits
are employed by the ego to handle subsequent crises.

3. Piaget’s of Cognitive Development.

The theory of cognitive development by Piaget provides a thorough explanation of the origins
and growth of human intelligence. Jean Piaget, a Swiss developmental psychologist, is credited
with creating it. The theory addresses the nature of knowledge as well as how people acquire,
create, and use it across time.

4. Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development.

The ideas of Piaget and Dewey have a significant influence on this one. The thinking process and
how kids acquire morality and moral reasoning are the main topics of Kohlberg theory. The three
phases of moral development, pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional, that
Kohlberg proposed are also broken down into stages. It all comes down to how one handles
moral quandaries and recognizes what is right and wrong. Kohlberg also argues that moral
reasoning has a significant impact on cognitive development because of the influence of other
theorists, particularly Piaget.

5. Vygotsky’s Socio-Cultural Theory.

In his theory, Lev Vygotsky stressed how social contact, language, and cultural influences all
play a role in how children learn and develop. He also holds the belief that a child learns best
through engagement with others, practical experiences, and other forms of learning that are more
social in nature. As a part of a child's cognitive development, Vygotsky places stress on the
usage of scaffolding and the contribution of a more knowledgeable person (MKO). He used
ZPD, or the Zone of Proximal Development, to define the learner's capacity to complete a
specific task. In order to help the kid acquire the abilities they will later utilize independently to
create a higher level of mental function, this is also the region in which the most delicate
instructions or directions should be provided.

6. Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory

This theory examines how a child develops in connection to the network of relationships that
make up his or her environment. According to Bronfenbrenner's hypothesis, there are many
"layers" of the environment that might affect a child's development. The term "bioecological
systems theory" has recently been used to underline that a child's biology serves as her primary
environment for development. The child's growth is fueled and guided by the interaction of
elements in his biologically growing surroundings, his immediate family and community, and the
social environment. Conflict or changes in one layer will have an impact on all the others. The
relationship between the child and her immediate environment as well as the larger environment.

From the theorist point of view, describe what parents and teachers should do to help
children develop into the persons that they are meant to be.

1. Sigmund Freud

According to Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory, parents and teachers are responsible for educating
and disciplining children. They are the ones who have the capacity to impart values that will help
them develop as excellent persons and decision-makers. The parent-child relationship is crucial
to a child's development since it provides a means of supporting the learner. To help the child
develop their thinking and find explanations for the things that annoy them, they should expose
the youngster to various circumstances. Since learning begins at home, it is crucial for parents to
teach their children to perform various tasks as they get older.

2. Eric Ericson
According to Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory, one of the biggest contributions parents and
instructors can make to a child's development is through positive parenting. It is crucial because
it helps kids develop better problem-solving abilities as they get older. When the child reaches
adulthood, they will use this talent in a setting that is more complicated. The student should be
guided, supported, and strengthened so they can face problems in life. They ought to be there for
the child at all times since students are motivated by their presence.

3. Jean Piaget

According to his notion, parents should assist their children in discovering activities that they
will love and learn from. Teachers should offer resources that can aid students in learning new
information and reflecting on their own experiences. Because children learn on their own and
develop their skills with the help of others around them, hands-on activities can benefit them.
Both parents and instructors should allow the child to attempt new things so that they can learn
from their experiences and apply what they have learned.

4. Lawrence Kohlberg

According to Lawrence Kohlberg, parents help children develop moral understanding by

allowing them to interact with the outside world. Parents and educators should be aware of their
children's capacity for moral reasoning and offer them opportunities to use it in activities that
will advance their growth. Teaching moral principles is crucial because it helps learners grow as
people. They have a duty to mold the learner's personality so that a better, more developed moral
philosophy might emerge.

5. Lev Vygotsky

According to the Socio-Cultural Theory of Development, parents and instructors should help,
model, and instruct children so they can complete tasks correctly. Both have a significant impact
on a child's cognitive development since they served as role models and offered the
encouragement a child needs to complete a task. A student can achieve a higher mental function
by receiving direction. A child can learn about life and develop their skills by interacting with
others, which parents and teachers encourage.

6. Uric Bronfenbrenner

The ecological theory of Bronfenbrenner states. Parents and teachers should set a good example
and behave well because they are the people the children look up to. They give students several
chances to build relationships with others and instruct them in respectful interactions and
communication. The teacher should inspire the student to succeed in their intellectual, social,
cultural, and psychological goals. They have a significant impact on the child's growth since they
provide guidance, protection, and encouragement.