Exercise 2

Environmental Chemistry – SIH 1005

1. Fill in the table below with the corresponding definitions of acid and bases :
Acid Base
Arrhenius

Bronsted - Lowry
2. Under the equation below, clearly connect the two conjugate acid-base pairs with
lines, and label each of the four species as an acid or a base (according to the
Bronsted-Lowry definitions).
HSO4- + NH3 SO42- + NH4+
3. For the following reaction label each substance as an acid or a base and show
the conjugate acid-base pairs.
H2CO3 + H2O H3O+ + HCO3-
4. A) Calculate the [H+] given the [OH-] in each of the following aqueous solutions
and classify each solution as acidic or basic.
[OH-] = 6.2 x 10-3 M [OH-] = 1.3 x 10-11 M
B) Calculate the [OH-] given the [H+] n each of the following aqueous solutions
and classify each solution as acidic or basic.
[H+] = 7.4 x 10-5 M [H+] = 2.3 x 10-9 M
5. What is the pH of a 0.010 M HCl solution?
6. A sample of freshly pressed apple juice has a pH of 3.76. Calculate [H+].
7. Calculate the pH of each of the following solutions and classify the solutions as
acidic or basic:
Lemon juice : [H+ ] = 1.1 x 10-2 M Soft drink: [H+ ] = 2.5 x 10-4 M
Urine : [H+ ] = 1.2 x 10-6 M Blood: [H+ ] = 3.9 x 10-8 M
Antiseptic: [H+ ] = 1.2 x 10-10 M Beer: [H+ ] = 5.0 x 10-3 M
Coffee : [H+ ] = 7.9 x 10-6 M Detergent: [H+ ] = 3.2 x 10-11 M
8. Write the chemical equation for the auto-ionization of water, set up the
equilibrium expression, and provide the equilibrium constant at 25°C.
9. The pH of a 0.10 M solution of formic acid, HCOOH, at 25°C is 2.38. Calculate
Ka for formic acid at this temperature.
10. Calculate the pH of a 0.30 M solution of acetic acid, HC2H3O2, at 25°C.
11. The hydrogen sulphite ion (HSO3- ) is amphiprotic. (a) Write an equation for the
reaction of HSO3- with water, in which the ion acts as an acid. (b) Write an
equation for the reaction of HSO3- with water, in which the ion acts as a base. In
both cases identify the conjugate acid-base pairs.
12. The Kw value that we normally use is for room temperature (25°C). Calculate the
equilibrium H+ concentration and pH of pure, neutral water at 0.0°C (Kw = 1.14 x
10-15 at 0.0°C).
13. A 0.10 M solution of formic acid (HCOOH) contains 4.2 x 10-3 M H+ (aq).
Calculate the percentage of the acid that is ionized.
14. Calculate the concentration of OH– in a 0.15 M solution of NH3. (Kb=1.8 x 10-5)
15. Calculate the pH of a 0.20 M solution of HCN. Ka for HCN is 4.9x10–10.
16. A 0.020 M solution of niacin has a pH of 3.26. Calculate the percent ionization of
the niacin.
17. Calculate the [H3O+] in 0.45 M solution of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) (Ka= 9.1x10 -8
M).
18. Calculate pH in a 0.60 M solution of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) (Kb = 5.6x10-10 )
19. The pH in a 0.25 M solution of the acid HBrO is 4.65. Calculate the value of K a
for the acid HBrO.
20. Determine the [H3O+] of 0.30 M benzoic acid. (Ka= 6.5x10-5 M)
21. Find the value of Kb for the oxalate ion (Cr2O42-)(Ka = 6.4x10-5)
22. Calculate the pH of 0.22 M solution of the salt NaNO2(base). (Ka = 4.6x10-4)
23. The value of Kb of weak base methylamine (CH3NH2) is 4.4x10-4. Calculate the
value of Ka for the acid CH3NH3+.
24. The pH of 0.40 M solution of the lactate ion (C3H5O3-)(weak base) is 8.73.
Calculate the Kb of the lactate ion (C3H5O3-).
25. Calculate the value of Ka for lactic acid (HC3H5O3) using the information in
Question 24.
26. Calculate the pH of a 2.5 M solution of hydroiodic acid (HI).
27. What is the pH of 0.01265 M ethylamine solution (base)?
28. The [H3O+] of a 0.10 M cyanic acid (HCNO) is 0.0010 M. Calculate the Ka for
cyanic acid.
29. A 0.0050 M solution of butyric acid (HC4H7O) has a pH of 4.0, calculate the value
of Ka.
30. Determine the [OH-] and [H+] of a 0.20 M solution of formic acid (HCOOH).
(Ka= 1.8x10-4)
31. Hydrazine (base) (N2H4) has a concentration of 0.15 M and a pH of 10.70.
Calculate the value of Kb of hydrazine?
32. Codeine (C18H21NO3) is a weak organic base. A 5.0 x 10¯3 M solution of codeine
has a pH of 9.95. Calculate the value of Kb for this substance.
33. What is the pH of a solution 0.50 M CH3COOH and 0.30 M NaCH3COOH? [Ka
(CH3COOH) = 1.8 x 10-5]
34. A student prepares a 0.15 M solution of a monoprotic weak acid and determines
the pH to be 11.68. What is the Kb of this weak base?
35. A 0.15 mol/L solution of the ascorbate ion, HC6H6O6¯, has a pH of 8.65.
Calculate the Kb for the ascorbate ion.