AN IOT-BASED SAG MONITORING SYSTEM FOR

OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINES

Mr.M.Varadharajan1, G.Abishek2, M.Muhammathu Abdul kalam3,S,Ganesh raj4

1Associate professor,Electronics and Communication Engineering, Loyola Institute Of Technology
2 Student, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Loyola Institute Of Technology
3Student, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Loyola Institute Of Technology
4
Student, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Loyola Institute Of Technology

Abstract—Major blackouts could readily occur in overhead power systems due to unexpectedly serious
extra-high voltage transmission line sagging.Many other direct and indirect sag measuring techniques have
been presented in the past, but each has its own requirements and restrictions. However, in this study, we
presented an Internet of Things (IoT)-based sag-monitoring system that can identify line sags in real-time.
Two 161-kV lines have been used to deploy the entire system for efficient long-term field testing. The
proposed sag-monitoring system's effectiveness is supported by both theoretical calculations and field
measurements. A sag-sensing module with an inbuilt tri-axial accelerometer is used in this sag-monitoring
system to find line sags at various spans of a single circuit. These accelerometer parameters were measured.
Accurate line sag values can be obtained by converting the measured accelerometer parameters. The
proposed sag-monitoring system produces an average inaccuracy of 2.09%, according to the findings of
long-term testing. The suggested system's sag values are proven to be accurate and dependable in long-term
testing by the fact that the average variations between them and a commercial sag measuring equipment are
so minimal (between 0.57% and 4.14%). The system for energy monitoring and transmission line stand fall
detection is proposed in this project. The microcontroller used in this method is an Arduino nano. The
position of the line stand and the connections to the stand's lines are detected by the MPU6050 sensor. Any
fall in a stand or a queue will be detected by the MPU6050 sensor. LORA as a reciever used to send data to
central station with location and stand number. As a result, the proposed approach is quite accurate in
producing the desired outcome.
Keywords: Transmission line-Internet of Things (IoT)-Tri-axial accelerometer-Arudino nano
microcontroller-energy monitoring-transmission line stand-MPU6050 sensor-Lora-central station.

The measured results are highly similar with

I. INTRODUCTION
This study aims to monitor the sag of an
overhead transmission line by proposing an IoT-
based sag monitoring system, which can provide
real-time sag information of a transmission line,
preventing ground fault using an embedded three-
axis accelerometer with IoT techniques. This
reliable monitoring system directly measures sag-
related parameters on and around a high voltage
transmission line in real time.
theoretical values. Moreover, the accuracy of the
measured sag values has been verified by
comparing the values with field measurements.
These results confirm the high accuracy, reliability
and durability of the proposed sag monitoring
system. In addition, this study examines the
measurement results obtained from the devices
placed on the three phases of a transmission line to
verify the feasibility of applying IoT techniques to
high voltage transmission systems.
 The results show that this proposed sag
monitoring system has overcome the challenge
brought by the strong electromagnetic field
surrounding a transmission line with high voltage.
By adopting IoT techniques, the proposed system is
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
[1] H. Al-Asaad, H. Noura, A. Mohamed, A. Yousef,
and A. Ahmad presents a real-time fault detection
and localization system for distribution power grids
using IoT and machine learning. It proposes an
integrated framework that combines IoT devices,
data analytics, and machine learning algorithms.
The system utilizes sensors and smart meters
distributed across the power grid to collect real-time
data. Machine learning algorithms are trained to
detect and classify different types of faults based on
historical data. The paper also addresses fault
localization, using collected sensor data and
network topology information to estimate fault
location. The proposed system enhances power grid
reliability by enabling prompt identification and
localization of faults for timely maintenance and
restoration activities.
[2] S. Sathiyarajan and N. Anantharaman presents
an IoT-based real-time monitoring and alert system
for detecting line sags in overhead power lines. The
system utilizes IoT sensors installed along the
power lines to measure sag parameters. It sends real-
time alerts when abnormal sag levels are detected.
The paper describes the system architecture, sensor
deployment, and data processing techniques used
for sag detection. The proposed system enhances
the monitoring and detection of line sags, enabling
timely actions to maintain power grid stability and
reliability.
[3] T. Kundu, M. B. Nayak, and P. Ray proposes an
intelligent line sag monitoring and alarm system for
overhead power distribution networks using IoT.
The system uses sensors and wireless
communication to collect and transmit sag data in
real-time. It employs machine learning algorithms
for data analysis and fault detection. The paper
discusses the system architecture, sensor
deployment, and machine learning algorithms used
able to be widely implemented on large-scale power
grid systems.
for sag detection. The proposed system enables
timely detection of line sags, improving power grid
reliability and minimizing system downtime.
[4] R. Chayapathi and B. Chiranjeevi focuses on
the detection of line sags and swells in power
transmission and distribution systems using IoT. It
proposes an IoT-based monitoring system that
utilizes voltage and current sensors deployed across
the grid. The system detects and classifies sag and
swell events in real-time. The paper discusses the
system architecture, sensor deployment strategy,
and experimental results. The proposed system
enhances the monitoring capabilities of power grids,
enabling timely detection and classification of line
sags and swells for improved system stability and
reliability.
[5] H. A. Khalaf and M. J. Abdulraheem presents
an IoT-based sag detection and localization system
for overhead power distribution networks. The
system utilizes IoT devices, such as sensors and
communication modules, to collect real-time data
on sag events. Machine learning algorithms are appl
ied to analyze the collected data and detect sags.
The paper discusses the system architecture, sensor
deployment, and experimental results. The proposed
system offers an efficient and reliable solution for
detecting and localizing sags in overhead power
distribution networks, enhancing grid stability and
minimizing downtime.
[6] A. S. Rathore, R. A. Jotwani, and V. Jain
focuses on smart grid line sag detection using IoT.
It presents a system that utilizes IoT devices and
sensors to monitor power grid lines for sag events.
The collected data is analyzed using machine
learning algorithms to detect and classify sags. The
paper discusses the system architecture, sensor
deployment, and experimental results. The proposed
system offers an effective approach for real-time
sag detection in smart grids, contributing to
enhanced grid monitoring and maintenance.
. prevent power outages and ensure reliable
[7] M. A. Aljarrah, A. S. O. Youssef, and R. S.
Obaidat presents a novel IoT-based system for sag
detection in power distribution grids. The system
utilizes IoT devices and sensors to collect real-time
data on sag events in the grid. Machine learning
algorithms are employed to analyze the collected
data and detect sags accurately. The paper discusses
the system architecture, sensor deployment strategy,
and experimental results. The proposed system
offers a reliable and efficient solution for sag
detection in power distribution grids, enabling
prompt actions to maintain grid stability and
reliability.
[8] V. Thanh Nguyen, N. T. V. Thang, T. Q. Thanh,
and P. H. Duc introduces a line sag detection and
classification system in power grids using IoT and
machine learning. The system employs IoT devices
and sensors for real-time data collection on line
sags. Machine learning algorithms are utilized to
analyze the collected data and classify different
types of line sags accurately. The paper discusses
the system architecture, sensor deployment, and
experimental results. The proposed system offers an
effective approach for line sag detection and
classification, contributing to improved monitoring
and maintenance of power grids.
[9] FF. Albu, F. Keyrouz, and A. B. Nassereddine
proposes a smart grid monitoring system that
utilizes IoT technologies for line sag detection and
classification. The system employs IoT devices and
sensors to collect real-time data on line sags in the
grid. The collected data is analyzed using machine
learning algorithms to detect and classify different
types of line sags. The paper discusses the system
architecture, sensor deployment, and experimental
results. The proposed system offers an efficient
approach for line sag monitoring in smart grids,
contributing to enhanced grid stability and
reliability.
[10] N. Garg, R. C. Jha, and S. Pradhan proposes a
method for detecting and localizing line sag in
power distribution networks using Internet of
Things (IoT) technology. The authors address the
need for real-time monitoring of power lines to
electricity supply. Their approach involves the
deployment of IoT devices equipped with sensors
along the power lines to collect data on line sag.
The collected data is then analyzed using signal
processing techniques to detect and locate line sag
events. The proposed method offers the potential to
enhance the efficiency and reliability of power
distribution networks by enabling proactive
maintenance and timely fault detection. The
effectiveness of the approach is evaluated through
simulation and experimental results, demonstrating
its feasibility and accuracy.
III. REQUIREMENTS
Hardware Requirements:
• Arduino nano
• LORA 2
• Relay -1
• Accelerometer-1
• Esp 8266
• Current sensor -1
• Power unit
• Voltage sensor
• LCD
Software Requirements:
• Embedded c
• c++
ARDUINO NANO:
The Arduino Nano can be powered via the Mini-B
USB connection, 6-20V unregulated external power
supply (pin 30), or 5V regulated external power
supply (pin 27). The power source is automatically
selected to the highest voltage source.
VOLTAGE SENSOR:
The ZMPT101B is a voltage transformer used to
measure dc voltage. You can measure AC voltages
up to 250 volts by using this module. The output of
this sensor is analog. if you change input voltage,
the output voltage will change as well.
RELAY SWITCH:
Relay is an electromagnetic device which is used to
isolate two circuits electrically and connect them
magnetically. They are very useful devices and
allow one circuit to switch another one while they
are completely separate. They are often used to
interface an electronic circuit (working at a low
voltage) to an electrical circuit which works at very
high voltage.
ESP8266:
The ESP8266 12-E chip comes with 17 GPIO pins.
Not all GPIOs are exposed in all ESP8266
development boards, some GPIOs are not
recommended to use, and others have very specific
functions. With this guide, you’ll learn how to
properly use the ESP8266 GPIOs and avoid hours
of frustration by using the most suitable pins for
your projects.
LORA:
LoRa is a wireless technology that offers long range,
low power and secure data transmission for M2M
and IoT applications. LoRa is based on chirp spread
spectrum modulation, which has low power
characteristics like FSK modulation but can be used
for long range communications. LoRa can be used
to connect sensors, gateways, machines, devices,
animals, people etc. wirelessly to the cloud.
ACCELEROMETER:
An accelerometer is an electromechanical device
that will measure acceleration force. It shows
acceleration, only due to cause of gravity i.e. g
force. It measures acceleration in g unit.
LCD 16X2:
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an
electronic display module and find a wide range of
applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic
module and is very commonly used in various
devices and circuits. These modules are preferred
over seven segments and other multi segment LEDs.
The reasons being: LCDs are economical; easily
programmable; have no limitation of displaying
special & even custom characters (unlike in seven
segments),animations and so on.
FIRE BASE:
Firebase is a mobile and web app development
platform that provides developers with a plethora of
tools and services to help them develop high-quality
apps, grow their user base, and earn more profit.
Proposed system architecture:
This proposed system is an IoT based transmission
line stand fall detection and line detection. This
method is uses MPU6050 sensor for fall detection.
MPU-6050 module is no doubt its DMP(Digital
Motion Processor) embedded on the same silicon
die, since it support 3-axis Motion Fusion
algorithms while correcting any alignment problems
and errors caused by small components. Fully
monitoring the IoT server and then each and every
line post collect the data and transfer the server
using LORA wireless data transfer and receiver.

IV. RESULT

V. CONCLUSION

In conclusion, an IoT-based SAG monitoring system

for overhead transmission lines is an innovative
solution that can significantly improve the reliability
and efficiency of power transmission networks. By
utilizing advanced sensing technologies and data
analytics tools, this system can monitor the SAG of
transmission lines in real-time, enabling early
detection of potential faults and preventive
maintenance.
The system can also provide valuable insights into
the operational behavior of transmission lines, which
can be used to optimize the performance and extend
the lifespan of the equipment. Moreover, the remote
monitoring capabilities of the system can reduce the
need for physical inspections, thereby improving
safety and reducing operational costs.
However, the implementation of such a system
requires careful planning and consideration of
various factors such as sensor placement, data
processing, and communication infrastructure. The
system must also be designed to operate reliably in
harsh environmental conditions, ensuring
continuous and accurate monitoring.
Overall, an IoT-based SAG monitoring system for
overhead transmission lines has the potential to
revolutionize the way power transmission networks
are managed, improving the reliability, efficiency,
and safety of the system. As the demand for
electricity continues to grow, innovative solutions
such as this will be essential in ensuring the smooth
and sustainable operation of the power grid.
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