In the name of GOD

Terminology and classification of occlusion

Presented by:

Dr Somayeh Heidari
Orthodontist
Anterior segment

all of the canine and the incisor teeth in a dental arch

Posterior or buccal segment

all of the premolar and molar teeth in a dental arch

Over bite

vertical overlap of upper teeth over lower teeth

usually refers to incisors
usually measured perpendicular to the occlusal plan
mm or %
Deep or closed bite

excessive over bite

Open bite

a malocclusion in which some teeth can not brought

into contact with opposing teeth and no vertical
contact is present.
Over jet

Horizontal projection of maxillary teeth beyond the

mandibular anterior teeth, usually measured parallel
to the occlusal plane.
When not otherwise specified, the term is generally
assumed to refer to central incisors and is measured
from the labial surface of the mandibular tooth to the
lingual surface of the maxillary at the level of the edge
of the upper incisor.
Edge to edge bite

An occlusion in which the anterior or posterior teeth

of both jaws meet along their incisal or buccal cuspal
edges.
overjet = 0
Anterior cross bite

one or more teeth in the maxillary anterior segment

is lingual to one or more of the opposing teeth in
the mandibular anterior segment in maximum
intercuspation.
negative overjet or reverse overjet
Posterior cross bite

one or more teeth in the maxillary buccal segment

is lingual to one or more of the opposing teeth in
the mandibular buccal segment in maximum
intercuspation.
Scissor bite

buccal displacement of a maxillary posterior tooth,

with or without contact between the lingual surface
of the maxillary lingual cusp and the buccal surface
of the mandibular antagonist's buccal cusp.
Functional shift

the mandible moves excessively from initial contact

position to maximum intercuspation, usually resulting
in an anterior (forward shift) or posterior (lateral shift)
crossbite.

C.R C.O
The direction of the deviation of a tooth from the line of normal

occlusion is identified by adding the suffix- version to the direction

of deviation.
Angulation or tip

the tilt of the long axis of a tooth in the mesial or distal

direction.
mesioversion or distoversion
Inclination or torque

the tilt of the long axis of a tooth in the buccolingual

or labiolingual direction.

labioversion, buccoversiion, palatoversion, lingoversion

Proclined / protrude
a forward inclination / movement of an incisor tooth

Retroclined / retrude
a backward inclination / movement of an incisor tooth
Arch circumference or arch perimeter

the distance between mesial contact of first permanent

molars as measured through the contact points or buccal
cusp tips of all of the intervening teeth
ignoring the malpositioned teeth
Crowding

exists when the sum of mesiodistal width of the teeth

in an arch exceeds the arch circumference
Spacing or diastema

the space between two adjacent teeth in the same arch

Normal occlusion
• Class I molars • Normal inclinatiion
• Class I canines • Normal angulation
• Normal over bite • Smooth curve of line of occlusion
• Normal over jet • No crowding, spacing, etc
Angle’s classification of malocclusions
Class I malocclusion

• crowding

• spacing

• rotation

• deep bite

• open bite

• cross bite and …

Class I malocclusion
Class II malocclusion
Class II malocclusion

Class II division 1

Class II division 2
Class II Division 1
Class II Division 2
Class II subdivision
Class III malocclusion
Pseudo class III
Class III subdivision
Skeletal patterns
Thanks for your attention