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Evaluation of different methods for gypsum determination in artificial soil

Article · January 2012

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Hudhaifa maan Al-Hamndi Basim Shakir Al-Obaidi

Tikrit University Tikrit University
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 )2131(–)2(‫) انعدد‬31(‫مجهة جامعة جكريث نهعهوو انزراعية انمجهد‬
ISSN-1813-1646

: ‫انكهمات اندانة‬
silica CaSO4 . 2H 2O
CaSO4 . 01 51 01 05 01 05 01 5 sand
Lagerwerff et al. (1965) 2H 2O
The Barium sulfate : ‫نهمراسهة‬
ASTM,(1988
ASTM Artieda et al.(2006)
Lagerwerff Artieda %4.690 5
Artieda Lagerwerff 4.472 %4.660
9.528 Lagerwerff 01 ASTM
9.144 9.479 ASTM Artieda
:‫االسحالو‬
51 05 05 ASTM‫ و‬Lagerwerff Artieda
31-5-2012
%69.242 49.412 24.626 14.604 01 : ‫انقبول‬
5-8-2012
%68.714 48.966 24.389 14.418 : ‫الققبد ك كبا‬ ‫ فقد كانت نتائج الجبس‬Lagerwerff
%68.582 ‫ و‬48.806‫و‬24.276 ‫ و‬14.011 ASTM ‫وأعطت طريقب‬

Evaluation of different methods for gypsum determination in

artificial soil
Hothefa M. N. Al-Hamandi, Jassam S. J. Al-Juburi, and Basim Sh. O. Alobaidy
Department of Soil & Water –College of Agriculture-Tikrit University

Key Words:
methods of ABSTRACT
gypsum The aim of this study was to evaluate three different methods to estimate
Determination, Gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) by using pure sand (silica sand), after gypsum addition at 5,
gypsum, 10, 15, 25, 50, and 70% level. The first method is based on titration and chelating as
hydrated described by (Lagerwerff et al.1965). While the second method is based on gypsum
calcium sulfate dissolving of and precipitation as Barium Sulfate (ASTM,1988). The third method
Correspondence: used the crystalline water loss from aqueous calcium sulfate (Gypsum) (Artieda et
Hothefa M. N. al.2006) method. The results showed that the ASTM method gave the higher value
Al-Hamandi with the low level of gypsum (5%) which was 4.69%, while the other methods Artieda
and Lagerwerff , gave 4.66% and 4.472% respectively. Lagerwerff method gave higher
Department of result than Artieda and the ASTM methods for the level 10%. Lagerwerff method gave
Soil & Water – a percent of gypsum which was 9.528% while Artieda and the ASTM methods gave
College of 9.479% and 9.146% respectively. The results from this study showed that Artieda
Agriculture-Tikrit method is better than both Lagerwerff and the ASTM methods in estimating of gypsum
University at medium and high levels (15%, 25%, 50%, and 70%), as they gave the percents
14.604%, 24.626% , 49.412% and 69.242%, respectively. While Lagerwerff method
Received:
31-5-2012 gave the following values 14.418%, 24.389%, 48.966%, and 68.714%, the ASTM
Accepted: method gave the values 14.011%, 24.276%, 48.806% and 68.582% respectively with
5-8-2012 the same levels; 15%, 25%, 50%, and 70% .

‫انبحث مسحم من رسانة ماجسحير نهباحث األول‬

763
 )2131(–)2(‫) انعدد‬31(‫مجهة جامعة جكريث نهعهوو انزراعية انمجهد‬
ISSN-1813-1646

‫انمقدمة‬
.EDTA

BaSO4

) .0.0, .0.3(
USDA Bower and Huss , 1948
ASTM 1988 Lagerwerff. et. al. 1965 1954
Lagerwerff et. al (1965)
Artieda et.al.2006

CH3 CO CH3 99% 0

. CH3 COOH 0
Ca (NO3) 2. 0
4 H 2O

3997
0 3
: 3... 3
5
2
1

01 05 01 5
01 51 01 05
4
5
ethylene 6
CaSO4 . 2H 2O
ATDE diamine tetra acetic acid
7

3... .0.3 EDTA

0.

1000
CaSO4. 2H 2O Ca
172 40
M V

763
 )2131(–)2(‫) انعدد‬31(‫مجهة جامعة جكريث نهعهوو انزراعية انمجهد‬
ISSN-1813-1646

M
3..

V
M
CaSO4+ BaCl2 BaSO4 +
CaCl2
(ASTM, 1988)
05 01 4
01
HCl 0
BaCl2. 2 H2O , 10% 0
02 01 5
(0.05N) Ag NO3 0
6

5 0 3
01
(Ag NO3),
2
01 1
BaCl2. 2 H2O
7
01

BaSO4

SO3

SO3 SO4

80 96

Y X

SO4 CaSO4. 2H 2O

96 172

X Z

SO3 Y
SO4 X
CaSO4. 2H 2O Z

769
 )2131(–)2(‫) انعدد‬31(‫مجهة جامعة جكريث نهعهوو انزراعية انمجهد‬
ISSN-1813-1646

(SO3 0.343

3 Artieda et al. (2006)

(Crystallization Water Loss)
01 2
01 0
1 011 -
4 Desiccators -
01 -
5 Pyrex -
015 Crystallizing dish
6
051
7

 ws - wf   100   ws - wf 
Gypsum% =  100  669
 ws - wt   14.95   ws - wt 

01 ws
01 wf
wt
9. 01

ASTM Artieda
3 .0.0
0 .0.3
Artieda 9.528 Lagerwerff
ASTM %9.144 9.479 0
Artieda 5
ASTM Lagerwerff ASTM
0 0 05 Artieda
Artieda ASTM Lagerwerff
14.604 ASTM Lagerwerff Artieda (%4.690
%14.011 14.448 %4.472 4.660 Lagerwerff
0.05
0 0 0.01
Artieda 0 0 0.01٫0.05
ASTM Lagerwerff 01
01 Lagerwerff

73.
 )2131(–)2(‫) انعدد‬31(‫مجهة جامعة جكريث نهعهوو انزراعية انمجهد‬
ISSN-1813-1646

0 19.572 Artieda
0 0.01) %19.504 ASTM Lagerwerff
0 0 %19.232
0.01٫0.05 0 0 0.01٫0.05
Artieda 0.
Artieda
ASTM Lagerwerff ASTM Lagerwerff
%49.412 Artieda 01 51 01 05
48.846 %48.966 ASTM Lagerwerff 24.626 Artieda
24.389 ASTM Lagerwerff
05 %24.276
01 0.05
0 0 1010 1015 0.01 0
Artieda 0
ASTM Lagerwerff 01
69.242 Artieda %29.369 Artieda
ASTM 68.714 Lagerwerff ASTM Lagerwerff
%68.582 %28.908 29.240
0.05

.0.0 0
Lagerwerff ASTM Artieda ‫المعامالت‬
4.472 4.690 4.660
٪5
a a a
9.528 9.144 9.479
٪10
a b a
14.448 14.011 14.604
٪15
a b a
19.504 19.232 19.572
٪20
a b a
24.389 24.276 24.626
٪25
ab b a
29.240 28.908 29.369
٪30
a b a
48.966 48.846 49.412
٪50
a a a
68.714 68.582 69.242
٪70
a a a

733
 )2131(–)2(‫) انعدد‬31(‫مجهة جامعة جكريث نهعهوو انزراعية انمجهد‬
ISSN-1813-1646

.0.3 0
Lagerwerff ASTM Artieda ‫المعامالت‬
4.472 4.690 4.660
a a a ٪5
9.528 9.144 9.479
a a a ٪10
14.448 14.011 14.604
a b a ٪15
19.504 19.232 19.572
٪20
ab b a
24.389 24.276 24.626
٪25
a a a
29.240 28.908 29.369
ab b a ٪30
.30966 .303.6 .90.30
٪50
a a a
68.714 68.582 69.242
٪70
a a a

Artieda
ASTM 05
.073 01
ASTM 5
5
Lagerwerff
.0.3 01 ,Artieda
05 Lagerwerff 0..6
01 ASTM
ASTM Lagerwerff Artieda 011100
ASTM (Kemper
0 0000 et. al., 1975)
Lagerwerff ASTM 0000
Artieda 3. 0 5
01 05

Garman and Hesse,1975

0 0

730
 ‫مجهة جامعة جكريث نهعهوو انزراعية انمجهد(‪ )31‬انعدد(‪)2131(–)2‬‬
‫‪ISSN-1813-1646‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪Lagerwerff‬‬ ‫‪ASTM‬‬ ‫‪Artieda‬‬ ‫المعامالت‬

‫‪0.53‬‬ ‫‪0.31‬‬ ‫‪0.43‬‬ ‫‪٪0‬‬

‫‪0.48‬‬ ‫‪0.86‬‬ ‫‪0.53‬‬ ‫‪٪10‬‬

‫‪0.56‬‬ ‫‪0.99‬‬ ‫‪0.4‬‬ ‫‪٪15‬‬

‫‪0.50‬‬ ‫‪0.77‬‬ ‫‪0.43‬‬ ‫‪٪20‬‬

‫‪0.62‬‬ ‫‪0.73‬‬ ‫‪0.38‬‬ ‫‪٪25‬‬

‫‪0.76‬‬ ‫‪1.1‬‬ ‫‪0.64‬‬ ‫‪٪30‬‬

‫‪1.04‬‬ ‫‪3036‬‬ ‫‪0.6‬‬ ‫‪٪50‬‬

‫‪1.29‬‬ ‫‪1.42‬‬ ‫‪0.76‬‬ ‫‪٪70‬‬

‫‪1.6‬‬
‫‪1.4‬‬
‫‪1.2‬‬
‫نسبة انفرق‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫‪0.8‬‬
‫‪0.6‬‬
‫‪0.4‬‬
‫‪0.2‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪5%‬‬ ‫‪10%‬‬ ‫‪15%‬‬ ‫‪20%‬‬ ‫‪25%‬‬ ‫‪30%‬‬ ‫‪50%‬‬ ‫‪70%‬‬

‫انمعامالت‬

‫‪Artieda‬‬ ‫‪The Barium Sulfate‬‬ ‫‪Lagerwerff.‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪3933‬‬
‫‪3997‬‬
‫‪30‬‬
‫‪.0– 73‬‬ ‫‪0 00‬‬ ‫‪0..3‬‬

‫‪737‬‬
 )2131(–)2(‫) انعدد‬31(‫مجهة جامعة جكريث نهعهوو انزراعية انمجهد‬
ISSN-1813-1646

Kemper, W. D.; Olsen, J. and Demooy, C. J. Artieda, O., J. Herrero, and P.J.
1975. Dissolution Rate of Gypsum in Drohan.2006.Refinement of the
flowing water . Soil Sci. Soc. Am differential water loss method for
.Proc. 39: 458 - 464. gypsum determination in soils. Soil
Lagerwerff , J.V ,G.W.Akin and S.W.Moses Sci. Soc. Am. J. 70 : 1932-
1965. Dectection and determination 1935.
of gypsum in soils. Soil ASTM Standards (1988), Cement; Lime;
Sci.Soc.Am.Proc.29: 353 – 540 Gypsum, Annual Book,
USDA.Salinity Laboratory Staff. (1954), Bower, C.A. and Huss. R.B. 1948. Rapid
Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline Condutometric method for estimating
and Alkali Soils. Handbook No. 60. gypsum in Soils, Soil Sci .66: 199 -
Washington, DC 204.
Garman , M. , and P .R . Hesse . 1975. Cation
Exchange Capacity of Gypsum Soils
Plant Soil. 42 : 477 - 480 .
.

73.

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