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Lesson 6 Sec 97 - Probability
Lesson 6 Sec 97 - Probability
Lesson 6 Sec 97 - Probability
7 page 662
Probability
What you should learn …
How to find the probabilities of:
• Simple events.
• Mutually exclusive events.
• Independent events.
• Complement of an event.
Theory (sample space, events, union, intersection,
mutually exclusive, independent, complement)
Flip two coins Get at least one head {HH, HT, TH} 3
List the outcomes for the event of getting a club face card or
getting a jack.
A B = {J, J, J, J, Q, K }
Copyright © by Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 8
If A and B are events, their INTERSECTION, written A B, is the
event “A and B” consisting of all outcomes common to both A and B.
Example: A card is drawn at random from a standard deck of 52
cards.
A: getting a club face card B: getting a jack.
A B
K J
Q J J
J
AB
List the outcomes for the event of getting a club face card and
getting a jack.
A B = {J}
Copyright © by Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 9
If A is an event, the COMPLEMENT OF A, written A , is the
event “not A” consisting of all outcomes not in A.
Examples: Two coins are flipped.
Event A is getting one head and one tail.
S
(T, T)
(T, H)
A
(H, T)
(H, H)
A
List the outcomes for the event not getting one head and one tail?
A = {(H, H), (T, T)}
A B
AB
n(A B) = n( A) + n(B) – n( A B)
+ + =( + )+( + )–
Copyright © by Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 11
Example: A card is drawn at random from a standard deck of
52 cards. What is the probability the card is a
red or a queen?
“queen”
“red” A 7 Q
P (queen ) =
4
10 Q
9 6 Q 52
P ( red) =
26 K Q
6 5
52 9
10 3 8 J
J
7 5
3 4
K 4
2 8
2
2
P ( red queen ) = P ( the card is a red queen ) =
52
P ( the card is red or a queen ) = P ( red queen )
26 4 2 28 7
= P ( red ) + P ( queen ) − P ( red queen ) = + − = =
52 52 52 52 13
Copyright © by Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 12
If A and B are MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE, then
P ( A B ) = P ( A ) + P ( B ).
A B
AB=0
A and B are mutually exclusive
n(A B) = n(A) + n(B)
+ = +
Copyright © by Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. 13
Example 2: A card is drawn at random from a standard
deck of 52 cards.What is the probability the
card is a spade or a club?
“spade” “club”
A 10 A 10
K Q 9 K Q 9
J J
6 5
6 5
7 8 7 8
3 3
4 2 4 2