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CH 3.1. Gas Power Cycle (Otto & Diesel)
CH 3.1. Gas Power Cycle (Otto & Diesel)
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Dr. Chandraprabu Venkatachalam, AP / Thermal, Adama Science & Technology University,
Introduction to Process
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Dr. Chandraprabu Venkatachalam, AP / Thermal, Adama Science & Technology University,
Constant Pressure Process
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Dr. Chandraprabu Venkatachalam, AP / Thermal, Adama Science & Technology University,
Constant Pressure Process
V1 T1
V2 T2
q add cp (T2 T1 ) h 2 h1
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Dr. Chandraprabu Venkatachalam, AP / Thermal, Adama Science & Technology University,
Constant Volume Process
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Dr. Chandraprabu Venkatachalam, AP / Thermal, Adama Science & Technology University,
Constant Volume Process
P1 T1
P2 T2
q add c v (T2 T1 ) u 2 u1
q rej c v (T1 T2 ) u1 u 2
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Dr. Chandraprabu Venkatachalam, AP / Thermal, Adama Science & Technology University,
Isothermal Process (Constant Temperature)
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Dr. Chandraprabu Venkatachalam, AP / Thermal, Adama Science & Technology University,
Reversible Isentropic or Adiabatic Process
(No Heat transfer)
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Dr. Chandraprabu Venkatachalam, AP / Thermal, Adama Science & Technology University,
Reversible Isentropic or Adiabatic Process
(No Heat transfer)
k
P2 V1
P1 V2 P2 V2 P1V1
Wcomp
T2 V1
k -1 k -1
T1 V2 P1V1 P2 V2
Wexp
k -1
k -1
P2 T2 k
P1 T1
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Dr. Chandraprabu Venkatachalam, AP / Thermal, Adama Science & Technology University,
Nomenclature for Reciprocating Engines
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Dr. Chandraprabu Venkatachalam, AP / Thermal, Adama Science & Technology University,
Reciprocating Engine
Displacement and Clearance Volumes
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Dr. Chandraprabu Venkatachalam, AP / Thermal, Adama Science & Technology University,
Schematic of a Two-Stroke
Reciprocating Engine
(Fig. 8-14)
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Dr. Chandraprabu Venkatachalam, AP / Thermal, Adama Science & Technology University,
AIR-STANDARD ASSUMPTIONS
1. The working fluid is air, which continuously circulates in a
closed loop and always behaves as an ideal gas.
2. All the processes that make up the cycle are internally
reversible.
3. The combustion process is replaced by a heat-addition
process from an external source.
4. The exhaust process is replaced by a heat-rejection process
that restores the working fluid to its initial state.
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Air-Standard Otto Cycle & Actual Cycle (SI Engine)
Qin Qout Click for
Animation
Air
Otto TC
Cycle
BC
FUEL
A
I Ignition
R
Fuel/Air
Mixture Combustion
Products
Actual
Cycle
Compression ratio:
v1 v4
r
v2 v3
Qin
Qout
v2 v1
BC TC BC
TC
16 Cont …
Dr. Chandraprabu Venkatachalam, AP / Thermal, Adama Science & Technology University,
Air-Standard Otto Cycle
Compression Ratio: Ratio of maximum volume to the
minimum volume.
17 Cont …
Dr. Chandraprabu Venkatachalam, AP / Thermal, Adama Science & Technology University,
Air-Standard Otto Cycle
Two Methods:
1. Constant Specific heat – Using Formula
2. Variable Specific heat – Using Chart (u & h)
18 Cont …
Dr. Chandraprabu Venkatachalam, AP / Thermal, Adama Science & Technology University,
Actual Otto Cycle (SI Engine )
Ignition
TC BC
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Dr. Chandraprabu Venkatachalam, AP / Thermal, Adama Science & Technology University,
Air-Standard Diesel Cycle & Actual Cycle
(CI Engine)
Qin Qout Click for
Animation
Air
Diesel
Cycle
BC
A Fuel injected
I at TC
R
Air Combustion
Products
Actual
Cycle
Cut-off ratio:
Qin
v3
rc
v2
Qout
v2 v1
TC BC
TC BC
21
Dr. Chandraprabu Venkatachalam, AP / Thermal, Adama Science & Technology University,
Air-Standard Diesel Cycle
Cut-off Ratio: Ratio of the cylinder volumes after and before
the combustion process.
22 Cont …
Dr. Chandraprabu Venkatachalam, AP / Thermal, Adama Science & Technology University,
Air-Standard Diesel Cycle
23 Cont …
Dr. Chandraprabu Venkatachalam, AP / Thermal, Adama Science & Technology University,
Air-Standard Diesel Cycle
Cut-off ratio:
Qin
v3
rc
v2
Qout
v2 v1
TC BC
TC BC
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Dr. Chandraprabu Venkatachalam, AP / Thermal, Adama Science & Technology University,
Air-Standard Diesel Cycle
Cut-off ratio:
Qin
v3
rc
v2
Qout
v2 v1
TC BC
TC BC
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Dr. Chandraprabu Venkatachalam, AP / Thermal, Adama Science & Technology University,
Actual Diesel Cycle (Early CI Engine )
• In early CI engines the fuel was injected when the piston reached TC
and thus combustion lasted well into the expansion stroke.
•The combustion process in the early CI engines is best approximated by
a constant pressure heat addition process Diesel Cycle
Early CI engine
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Dr. Chandraprabu Venkatachalam, AP / Thermal, Adama Science & Technology University,
8-20
Thank You
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