Title: Mastering Systematic Literature Reviews for Information Systems: A Comprehensive Guide

Welcome to our guide on mastering systematic literature reviews (SLRs) for information systems!
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Don’t be afraid to do more research if you discover a new thread as you’re writing. Furthermore, the
search terms used have been very well extracted and the procedure of the literature selection very
well described. Evidence Synthesis: general term used to refer to any method of identifying,
selecting, and combining results from multiple studies. Intervention: which main intervention or
treatment are you considering for assessment. While poor quality studies should not be excluded if
they fulfil predefined inclusion criteria, the systematic review should make clear that all included
studies have been assessed according to consistent principles of critical appraisal, and the results of
that appraisal should be included in the review. Systematic reviews sometimes contain so-called
meta-analyses, wherein the collected data is combined using statistical methods. Web of Knowledge
features citation searching, email alerts, links to the full text of many items. Trip Medical database for
Evidence Based Practice material: journals, guidelines, sys. Rather than examining the topic itself,
historiography is the study of how historical topics have been examined over time by other historians.
Let’s look at each of these in turn. 1. Selection criteria. Here’s a free detailed template for recording
data extraction, from Dalhousie University. For stand-alone historiographies, include an
introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. These discussions regularly left some blank or
blurry spaces (see Table 1 ) that induced substantial uncertainty regarding critical decisions in the
SLR process (Paul et al. 2021 ). To address this gap, we aim to synthesize prior guidance and
critically enrich it, thus adopting an integrative approach for reviewing existing SLR guidance in the
management domain (Snyder 2019 ). (2) To conduct the review, we started collecting the literature
that provided guidance on the individual SLR parts. On current topics, there is often a trend of
rising publishing numbers. The selection of the criteria must be well-grounded. For example, you
could use EndNote, Microsoft Word, Excel, and SPSS. These interrelations among decisions to be
considered when crafting an SLR were scattered across prior guidelines, lacked in-depth
elaborations, and were hardly explicitly related to each other. It uses explicit, systematic methods,
documented in a protocol, to minimize bias, provide reliable findings, and inform decision-making. ?
? PDF How to write a systematic literature review: a guide for medical students systematic literature
review attempts 'to identify, appraise and synthesize all the empirical evidence that meets pre-
specified eligibility criteria to answer a given research question' (Cochrane definition, 2013). You
may also want to pilot your data extraction tool. Overall, two approaches to keywords can be
observed. If you’re a professional seeking to publish your review, it’s a good idea to bring together
an advisory committee. The total number of papers published per annum has increased substantially
in recent years, which might account for the recently heightened number of papers on a certain topic.
4.4 Step 3: retrieving a sample of potentially relevant literature After defining the required
characteristics of the literature to be reviewed, the literature needs to be retrieved based on two
decisions. Often, a lot of information needs to be distilled into just a few paragraphs. We would thus
like to encourage future SLR authors to systematically investigate the potential to combine two
categories of descriptive analysis to move this section of the findings to a higher level of quality,
interest, and relevance. Guidance on Conducting a Systematic Literature Review In this article,
through a systematic search on the methodology of literature review, we categorize a typology of
literature reviews, discuss steps in conducting a systematic literature review, and provide suggestions
on how to enhance rigor in literature reviews in planning education and research. As a rule, the
literature is selected by two or more reviewers working independently of one another. Integrative
methods create taxonomies from conceptual findings and provide the foundation for the
development of global descriptions of phenomena across studies. PubMed - US National Library of
Medicine, NIH Provides access to citations for biomedical articles from Medline and life science
journals. Since for example the abstract is not automatically exported, decide which data fields are of
interest for you. This lack of detail contrasts with an SLR’s aim of creating a valid map of the
currently available research in the reviewed field, as critical information on the review’s
completeness and potential reviewer biases cannot be judged by the reader or reviewer. Follow a
structure A clear structure provides focus.
Search Databases and Other Sources Not all databases use the same search syntax, so when
searching multiple databases, use search syntaxes that would work in individual databases. Reviews
which include grey literature should use a grey literature appraisal tool, such as AACODS ( Tyndall
2008 ). Miemczyk J, Johnsen TE, Macquet M (2012) Sustainable purchasing and supply
management: a structured literature review of definitions and measures at the dyad, chain and
network levels. Medical professionals read systematic literature reviews to stay up-to-date in their
field and granting agencies sometimes need them to make sure there’s justification for further
research in an area. Louis Region Dr. NN Chavan Keynote address on ADNEXAL MASS-
APPROACH TO MANAGEMENT in the. It's a great introduction to systematic review for new
authors while also offering more insight to the process for experienced authors. In addition, you
should always indicate how many hits you have identified in the various databases or, for example,
by manual search. A discussion closely interprets results in the context of the review. Although you
may write a stand-alone literature review as a course assignment to enhance your own knowledge as
a student, scholars often write stand-alone literature reviews to benefit the research community and
discipline. This kind of work will declutter the landscape of the same things called a different way
and will help correct misinterpretations on different concepts called the same. Experts: Contact
experts in the field to ask if they have unpublished studies that should be included in your review.
The contrast between the six-step SLR process used for the analysis and the four-step process
applied by ourselves may seem surprising but is justified by the use of an integrative approach. You
may want to add these new headings to your Matrix to remind you to critically appraise the sources
according to this new criteria. Sometimes published reviews will include their search strategy in the
appendix. Recently, a growing number of literature reviews have also provided research questions for
future research that provide a very concrete and actionable output of the SLR (e.g. Dieste et al.
2022; Maestrini et al. 2017 ). Moreover, we would like to reiterate our call to clearly link the research
implications to the SLR findings, which helps the authors craft more tangible research directions and
helps the reader to follow the authors’ interpretation. Read the articles and decide which articles
meet the selection criteria. Here are 5 top tips from our experts to help prepare and achieve high
quality data extraction. For example, groups of scholars disagree about the best way to measure a
physiological event, and as a result, use different instruments and methodologies. Finally, we want to
refer readers interested in the specificities of the publication-related review process of SLRs to
Webster and Watson ( 2002 ), who elaborated on this for Management Information Systems
Quarterly. 5 Discussion and conclusion Critically reviewing the currently available SLR guidelines in
the management domain, this paper synthesizes 14 key decisions to be made and reported across the
SLR research process. Compare answers and ensure that the results are similar. Tables or other forms
of visualization might help to organize the many codes soundly (see also Durach et al. 2017; Paul
and Criado 2020; Webster and Watson 2002 ). A minimum of two is a good rule of thumb, with a
third to serve as a tiebreaker if needed. Embedded literature reviews, meanwhile, are part of a larger
piece of writing, such as an essay, thesis, or scholarly article. Try to analyze the patterns, turning
points, and key debates that have shaped the direction of the field. This section may be headed
either Discussion or Conclusion. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG (2009) Preferred
reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Moreover, Snyder
( 2019 ) regularly reflects on these issues in her elaborations. Writing a Literature Review A literature
review is a document or section of a document that collects key sources on a topic and discusses
those sources in conversation with each other (also called synthesis).The lit review is an important
genre in many disciplines, not just literature (i.e., the study of works of literature such as novels and
plays). Studies included in a systematic review should be assessed for their quality and reliability.
The findings regularly underline the interconnection of the 14 decisions identified and discussed in
this paper.
You may start by defining inclusion parameters (e.g., qualitative vs. quantitative studies, date
published, location of study, etc.). You should also record keywords to search for your topic and
build search strings that will help you find sources (e.g., exercise AND mental health AND
adolescents). Your strategy will depend on your field and your research question, but sources
generally fall into these four categories: Databases: Search multiple databases of peer-reviewed
literature, such as PubMed or Scopus. Maestrini V, Luzzini D, Maccarrone P, Caniato F (2017)
Supply chain performance measurement systems: a systematic review and research agenda. Most
critical appraisal tools consist of different checklists to apply to different types of study design. The
introduction provides an overview of the systematic review and enough contextual information for
the reader to make sense of the remainder of the report. To conduct a systematic review, you’ll need
the following: A precise question, usually about the effectiveness of an intervention. Schryen
Psychology ICIS 2016 TLDR This analysis of an exhaustive set of 214 IS literature reviews reveals
that factors on the author level and on the article level are significant and robust predictors of
scientific impact over and above journal level factors. This result underscores our critique of
currently unbalanced guidance that is, on the one hand, detailed on determining the required
characteristics of primary studies (step 2), retrieving a sample of potentially relevant literature (step
3), and selecting the pertinent literature (step 4). In this case, you’ll have to apply the selection
criteria on your own; you can mention this as a limitation in your paper’s discussion. Often you will
need to use a modified and simplified search strategy to search for grey material. In addition, Snyder
( 2019 ) proposed a process comprising four “phases” that take more of a bird’s perspective in
addressing (1) design, (2) conduct, (3) analysis, and (4) structuring and writing the review. It focuses
in particular on the literature searching component, and covers systematic database searching
techniques, searching for grey literature and the importance of librarian involvement in the search.
There are several types of reviews which fall under this term; the main ones are in the table below:
Types of Reviews General steps for conducting systematic reviews. We want to note that we used
the latter approach in some places in this paper. To do so and structure the related research process,
we adopted the four generic steps for an (integrative) literature review by Snyder ( 2019 )—(1)
design, (2) conduct, (3) analysis, and (4) structuring and writing the review—on which we report in
the remainder of this section. In line with Carter and Washispack ( 2018 ), there should always be
room for new reviews, yet over time, they must move from a descriptive overview of a field further
into depth and provide detailed analyses of constructs. Generally, if a librarian is developing the
search terms, running the searches in databases and writing the search methods, they should be a co-
author of the systematic review, whereas if the librarian supports researchers who then conduct the
searches themselves, co-authorship is not necessary. Environmental Topics Collaboration for
Environmental Evidence (CEE) CEE seeks to promote and deliver evidence syntheses on issues of
greatest concern to environmental policy and practice as a public service Social Sciences Siddaway
AP, Wood AM, Hedges LV. From the latter, we mainly analyzed the discussion and conclusion parts
that explicitly developed guidance on conducting SLRs. (3) For analyzing these papers, we first
adopted the six-step SLR process proposed by Durach et al. ( 2017, p.70), which they define as
applicable to any “field, discipline or philosophical perspective”. They minimize research bias by
considering all available evidence and evaluating each study for bias. This can easily be done as an
online supplement to an eventually published review article. Our study contributes to filling these
gaps by providing operationalized guidance to SLR authors, especially early-stage researchers who
craft SLRs at the outset of their research journeys. Besides articles from scientific journals, it is
important to inlcude working papers, conference proceedings, etc to reduce the publication bias (
tutorial on publication bias ). A chronological compilation of studies The reason for conducting a
literature review is to: Literature Reviews: An Overview for Graduate Students While this 9-minute
video from NCSU is geared toward graduate students, it is useful for anyone conducting a literature
review. Moreover, Snyder ( 2019 ) regularly reflects on these issues in her elaborations. The places to
consider in your search are electronic scientific databases (the most popular are PubMed, MEDLINE,
and Embase ), controlled clinical trial registers, non-English literature, raw data from published trials,
references listed in primary sources, and unpublished sources known to experts in the field. ?? Take a
look at our list of the top academic research databases. Like other literature reviews, historiographies
can be embedded or stand-alone. Systematic Reviews Who is this guide for and what can be found
in it, what are systematic reviews, how do systematic reviews differ from narrative literature reviews.
While this insight might suggest merging Steps 2 and 3, we refrain from this superficial change and
building yet another SLR process model. Data abstraction will involve pulling data elements from the
individual studies.
In their report, Boyle and colleagues concluded that probiotics cannot be recommended for reducing
eczema symptoms or improving quality of life in patients with eczema. If an article isn’t available
online or through your library, you may need to contact the authors to ask for a copy. Introduction A
systematic review collects secondary data, and is a synthesis of all available, relevant evidence which
brings together all existing primary studies for review ( Cochrane 2016 ). Codes related to the
parallel interwoven creation tracks principle. The review should show the reader how the answer was
found, and provide. Their methods are transparent, so they can be scrutinized by others. More than
60% of titles are from countries other than the US Abstracts go back to 1966. If you’re a student,
you should narrow the scope of your systematic review and stick to a tight schedule. The table
below compares a few different types of reviews to help you decide which is best for you. Scopus
covers: Over 15,000 peer-reviewed titles from more than 4,000 international publishers, including
coverage of: 500 Open Access journals, 700 Conference Proceedings, 600 Trade Publications, 125
Book Series. Because most historical writing uses the Chicago Manual of Style as a reference
system, most historiographies will also require you to use the Chicago Manual of Style. You may
want to add these new headings to your Matrix to remind you to critically appraise the sources
according to this new criteria. Moving into the thematic analysis, we have already reached Decision
13 on the presentation of the refined theoretical framework and the discussion of its contents. The
authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article. Schryen
Psychology ICIS 2016 TLDR This analysis of an exhaustive set of 214 IS literature reviews reveals
that factors on the author level and on the article level are significant and robust predictors of
scientific impact over and above journal level factors. The PRESS-Checklist can support you to
check the correctness of your search terms. 4. Merging hits from different databases In principle,
large amounts of data can be easily collected, structured and sorted with data processing programs
such as Excel. Embedded literature reviews must discuss the connections between the sources you
used for your research and also make connections between your work and these sources. At the same
time, the guidelines take specific foci on, for example, updating earlier guidelines to new
technological potentials (Kraus et al. 2020 ), clarifying the foundational elements of SLRs (Kraus et
al. 2022 ) and proposing a review protocol (Paul et al. 2021 ) or the application and development of
theory in SLRs (Seuring et al. 2021 ). Each of these foci fills an entire paper, while the authors
acknowledge that much more needs to be considered in an SLR. Systematic Reviews: the process,
quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods. To do so and structure the related research process, we
adopted the four generic steps for an (integrative) literature review by Snyder ( 2019 )—(1) design,
(2) conduct, (3) analysis, and (4) structuring and writing the review—on which we report in the
remainder of this section. There are several types of reviews which fall under this term; the main
ones are in the table below: Types of Reviews General steps for conducting systematic reviews.
Think carefully about how to phrase your search terms and include multiple synonyms of each word.
Many student writers struggle to synthesize because they feel they don’t have anything to add to the
scholars they are citing; here are some strategies to help you: It often helps to remember that the point
of these kinds of syntheses is to show your readers how you understand your research, to help them
read the rest of your paper. This is a group of about six people who have experience in the topic
you’re researching. Then, explain where your work fits within this discussion and why. Much in line
with the other process models, the final reporting stage contains only one of the eight steps, leaving
the reader somewhat alone in how to effectively craft a manuscript that contributes to the further
development of the field. This could include datasets, a flowchart to show what happened to the
excluded studies, a collection of search strategies, and tables containing detailed information about
the studies.This separation keeps the review short and simple while enabling the reader to drill down
to the detail as needed. To do this, have your extractors work on 2-3 articles to start. Be sure to
include some background information on the actual topic in the introduction.