ANUMTA AMIR

ROLL:BSCHM-2022-040
TOPIC |SOLVENT EXTRACTION IN
FLOW INJECTION ANALYSIS|
 CONTENTS

• Introduction
• Definition
• Explanation
• Figure
• Dispersion from two processes
• How to occur dispersion through convection and diffusion
• Graph
 INTRODUCTION;

• Flow injection analysis FIA was developed in the mid 1970s

• It is a highly efficient technique
• FIA allows for the rapid sequential analysis of an unlimited number
of samples
• FIA one example of continuous flow analyser
• FIA based on the injection of a liquid sample into moving ,
non segmented continuous carrier stream of a suitable liquid
F L OW I NJ ECT I ON
A NA LYS I S ( F I A )

Definition;
An analytical technique in which samples
are injected into career stream of reagent
 EXPLANATION

• When we first inject a sample into the career stream it has the
rectangular flow profile
• As the sample moves through the mixing and reaction zone the
width of the flow profile increases at the sample disperses into the
career stream
• Dispersion results from two processes
• Convection due to flow of carrier stream.
• Diffusion due to concentration gradient between sample and carrier
stream
 CONVECTION DUE TO FLOW OF
C ARRIER STREAM

• Convection occur by laminar flow

• The linear velocity of the sample at the tube walls is zero but the
sample at the center of the tube moves with a linear velocity twice
that of the carrier stream
• The result in the parabolic flow profile
• Convection is the primary means of dispersion in the 100 ms
following the samples injection
 DIFFUSION DUE TO CONCE NTRATION
GRADIE NT B E TWE E N SAMPLE AND C ARRIE R
STRE AM

• Diffusion occurs parallel (axially) and perpendicular (radially) to the

direction in which the carrier stream is moving.
• Only radial diffusion is important in flow injection analysis
• Radial diffusion decreases the samples linear velocity at the center of
the tubing, while the sample at the edge of the tubing experience an
increase in its linear velocity.
 EFFECT OF DISPERSION ON THE SHAPE
OF A SAMPLE’S FLOW PROFILE AT
DIFFERENT TIMES DURING A FLOW
INJECTION ANALYSIS: (A) AT INJECTION;
(B) WHEN CONVECTION DOMINATES
DISPERSION; (C) WHEN CONVECTION
AND DIFFUSION CONTRIBUTE TO
DISPERSION; AND (D) WHEN DIFFUSION
DOMINATES DISPERSION. THE RED LINE
SHOWS THE WIDTH, W, OF THE SAMPLES
FLOW PROFILE.
GRAPH