MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY

THE ROLE OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION IN COMMUNICATION

MEDIA

→ The main ways that large numbers of people receive information and
entertainment, that is television, radio, newspapers, and the internet (Oxford
Learner’s Dictionaries).
→ Refers to the combination of physical objects used to communicate or mass
communication through physical objects such as radio, television, computers, or
film, etc. (UNESCO Media and Information Literacy Curriculum for Teachers).
→ Something we use when we want to communicate with people indirectly, rather
than in person or by face-to-face contact. (David Buckingham, 2003)
→ Refers to the print medium of communication, which includes all newspapers,
periodicals, magazines, journals, and publications and all advertising therein,
and billboards, neon signs, and the like and the broadcast medium of
communication, which includes radio and television broadcasting in all their aspects
and all other cinematographic or radio promotions and advertising. (Presidential
Decree No. 1019 (1976)).

THE ROLE OF MEDIA AND INFORMATION IN COMMUNICATION

1. It makes the world a smaller place.

2. It makes communication convenient.
3. It shapes public opinion.

INFORMATION DISORDER

THREE (3) CATEGORIES OF INFORMATION DISORDER

1. MISINFORMATION
2. DISINFORMATION
3. MAL-INFORMATION

MISINFORMATION

→ Refers to information that is false, but the person sharing or disseminating is

unknowingly perceives it as something true.
 A. FALSE CONNECTION
→ When headlines or visuals do not support the content.

B. MISLEADING CONTENT
→ By cropping photos or choosing quotes or statistics selectively.

DISINFORMATION

→ Refers to the content that contains false information with the deliberate intention
to mislead or deceive the audience.

A. FALSE CONTENT
→ When genuine content is re-circuited out of its original context.

B. IMPOSTER CONTENT
→ Persons’ bylines used alongside articles they did not write, or
organizations’ logos used in videos or images they did not create.

C. MANIPULATED CONTENT
→ When genuine content is manipulated to deceive.

D. FABRICATED CONTENT
→ Fabricated “news sites” or fabricated visuals.

MAL-INFORMATION

→ Refers to information that is based on reality but is used to inflict harm.

EXAMPLES:
1. Leaks to the press of private information for personal or corporate
interest (e.g., revenge porn).
2. Using a picture (e.g., a dead child, with no context or false context) in an
effort to ignite hatred of a particular ethnic group.