Some cellular activities that require energy
are active transport, protein synthesis and
cell division.
Energy can exist or be stored in many forms
such as light, heat, electricity and chemical
bonds in chemical compounds.
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
- is the premier energy molecule in
most living organism
- often referred to as the “energy
currency of the cell”
- an organic molecule used for short
term energy storage and transport in
the cell.
- made up of 3 parts;
1. nitrogenous base (adenine)
2. sugar (ribose)
3. phosphate groups (triphosphate)
- the 3 phosphate groups are
negatively charged, means that they
are in an unstable arrangement
- a bond between (phosphate groups)
is broken through hydrolysis (water
mediated breakdown) reaction
releasing energy ADP.
ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate)
- the remaining free phosphate group
and low energy molecule
HYDROLYSIS REACTION OF ATP TO
ADP
P stands for an inorganic phosphate group
(PO)
ATP is hydrolyzed i
ATP + H2O + ADP + P + ENERGY
ATP TO ADP CYCLE
- the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP is
reversible
- they are like charged and uncharged
forms of rechargeable battery
- ATP regeneration reaction is the
reverse of hydrolysis reaction
ENERGY + ADP + P + ATP + H2O
- when ATP is broken down energy is
released and ADP is formed
- when ADP binds with another
phosphate group, energy is stored
and ATP is formed
ATP IN ENERGY COUPLING
- is the transfer of energy from one
chemical reaction to another
- the cell can perform nearly all of the
tasks it needs to function
CHEMICAL REACTION
EXERGONIC
- energy outward
- proceeds with a net release of free
energy
- products have less energy than
reactants
- spontaneous
ENDERGONIC
- energy inward
- one the absorbs free energy from its
surroundings
- products have more energy than
reactants
- not spontaneous
PHOTSYNTHESIS PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND SIDE
PRODUCTS
- a process by which autotrophic
organisms use light energy to make - solar energy is the source of
sugar and oxygen gas from carbon countless vegetable, animal etc.
dioxide and water - wood used as fuel
- occurs in plants, algae and some - paper, cotton ad other natural fibers
prokaryotes consist of cellulose
- anabolic (small molecules combined) - wool
- endergonic (stores energy)
- store as carbohydrate in their bodies
SITE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

IMPORTANCE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND SUN ENERGY
- harnesses the sun’s energy into
utilizable forms of energy on earth
- a process that most biological
organisms are unable to perform
- ATP is used to power these
processes
- converts light energy into chemical
energy in the form of glucose
PHOTOSYSNTHESIS AND CARBON
DIOXIDE REMOVAL
- converts carbon dioxide into oxygen
- during photosynthesis, carbon
dioxide leaves the atmosphere and
enters the plants and leaves as
oxygen
PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND THE
ECOSYSTEM
- the energy produced by
photosynthesis forms the basis of
virtually all terrestrial and aquatic
food chains
- photosynthesis is the ultimate source
of carbon in the organic molecules
found in most organisms