Experiment No -4 :GEYSER

AIM

fault andprepare
To dismantle and identify the various components in a ieyser, to identify the
the troubleshooting chart.

EOUIPMENTS AND COMPONENTS REQUIRED

SINo Equipments and Components Specification

Geyser
Screwdriver set
Test lamp
Multimeter

THEORY

Construction

gauge copper
casing is made of mild steel sheet. The inner tank is made of heavy tank is
The outer
prevent corrosion. The space between the outer casing and the inner
which is tinned to Heating elements,
with glass woo! as heat insulation to avoid excess heat losses. those of
filled
to the tank. Heating elements are similar to
thermostat, inlet and outlet pipes are fitted base. The rating
to suit the tank sizes and the screw
immersion heaters but with different shapes capacity, I
elements depends on the capacity of the geyser. For up to 25 litres KW
of the heating
while for 50 litres capacity 2 KW are used, for 100 litres capacity 3
KW elements are used
are used

Fig 1 VENT PIPE 12N?

FusiGLE PLUG

ELEMENS

GLASS wOr
 Thermostats: Themostats are used in water heaters to control the current to the heating
clements and thery regulate and maintain the water temperature between 320C to 88oC. A
theostat
used in a geyser isof tube and rodbimetal type. Thermostats are available in sizes of 8 mm
damter th a length of 17S mm, 275mm or 450mm depending on the height of the geyser.
Thermnstats are fixedin a tube and are connected in series with the heating element. The outlet
pie is prov idedwith a Ubend inside the tank to prevent complete draining of water from the
gevser. Apikot lamp is fited on the outer case indicating the automatie working of the unit. A
fiusibie phug is fitted on the top ofthe unit to protect the inner tank to release the excess pressure
that may be developed due to tailure of the thermostat.

NIMI

R e p t

PORCELAN
AWITCH
SCSy AND OAL FOR TEAP. SErTING
A
TYPICAL TERMOstar USEO IN WATEkNCATER

Working
inner tank and maintain the water
When ageyser is fitted initially, open the inlet cock, fill the temperature of waterreaches
level, When switched 'on' the heater heats the water. When the
supply. The water drawn from the
toa set value the thermostat disconnects the heater from the
re-connects the heater with the
outlet pipe reducesthe temperature and hence the thermostat,
that may adhere to the inside
supply. A geyser requires less maintenance. The scale deposits
kind of mineral content in the water.
surtace should be removed. It depends on the amount and
initially filling with water.
The only care required is not to energise the geyser without
flow through a conductor
Joule's Law of heating : This law states that whenever the current
square of the current value,
the heat is generated in the conductor and it is proportional to the
current flows.
the resistance of the conductor and the time for which the

The above law can be expressed in the form of an equation

as follovs:

H-FR watt - scconds or joules

where I current in the conductor in amperes

R=resistance of the conductor in Ohms
t= time for whiclh the curent flows in seconds
H= quantity of heat developed in joules.
resistance of R Ohms, then the electrical
If current 'I' ampere flows for t' seconds through a
heat so that we have.
energy consumed(Rt joules) is converted into

H=I'Rt joules or watt - seconds or H = (1Rt))/J calories

where Jis joule constant

Mechanical equivalent of heat J = 4.2 (4.2 joules =l calorie)
Then one joule = 0.24 calories., and
4187 joules = 1 K calories

TROUBLESHOOTING CHART

Corrective action to be taken

Trouble Possible causes

No hot water Blown fuse Replace the fuse

Open Circuit Check for broken wire or loOse

connections

Insufficient Low thermostat setting Check the thermostatic setting to be

quantity of hot between 60 and 65 degree
water and less
hotness of water Lower heating element burnt out Check the lower heating element and
replace if blown out

Capacity of the tank insufficient Check the quantity of water filled

for the required need

Constant or Grounded heating element Check the heating element for

repeated ground
blowing of fuse
Grounded lead wire Check wiring for ground

Incorrect connections Check the electrical connection

Steam in hot Improper thermostat connections Check the wiring

water
Thermostat connections burnt Check the thermostat
together
 Grounded heating clement Check for ground

Thermostat setting too high or Reset the thermostat

out of calibration

High power Leaking taps Replace the washers in the tap

consumption
and increased Excessively exposed hot water Use short hot water lines
electricity bill pipes

High thermostat setting Reset the setting between 60 and 65

degree

Short to ground in the heating Check the element for ground

element

Scale deposit in heating units Remove the unit and check for scale
deposits

Leaking Tank Leakage around thermostat and Check the possible leakage points in
heating unit flange the tank

RESULT

Dismantled and identified the various components in a Geyser, studied the various faults and
prepared the troubleshooting chart.
epubliseo

Fig 3

$ATC

SCREN ÁND DAL FOR TE.SETTRG

ATYPKAL TERNOsTAT USEDN WATER HEATER
Fig1

É1ENET

THERAOSTAI

-RESSURE
CUTET RELERE VAiVE