Q1. Christine is a free-fall parachutist.

This is a velocity–time graph for her jump.

(a) Complete the sentence by putting a cross () in a box next to your answer.
On the graph, the constant velocity is at (1)
 A
 B
 C
 D
(b) Explain the difference between velocity and speed. (2)
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Q2. A crane is lifting a heavy block from the ground to the top of a building.
This is the velocity/time graph for the block as it travels upwards.
(i) For how many seconds is the block speeding up? (1)
number of seconds = .........................................
Q3. A driver of a car sees an obstruction in the road ahead and must stop the car.
(a) (i) State the formula linking average speed, distance travelled and time taken. (1)

(ii) A car travels at 20m/s. The driver’s reaction time is 0.12 seconds. Calculate the distance
travelled by the car during the driver’s reaction time. (2)

Distance = …………………………………………….. m
(b) (i)A speed camera is positioned at the side of a road. The camera measures the speed of a
vehicle on the road to determine whether the vehicle is travelling too fast. The camera takes
two photographs of the vehicle 0.3s apart. The photographs are used to measure the distance
travelled by the vehicle during this time. In the time between the two photographs, the car
travels a distance of 7.5m. Calculate the average speed of the car. (2)
Average speed = ………………………………………… m/s
(ii) The speed limit of the road is 80 kilometres per hour. Determine whether the car is
exceeding the speed limit. (2)
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Q4. A candle flame is placed in front of a loudspeaker.
The loudspeaker produces a sound wave that causes air particles to vibrate. The vibrating air
particles make the candle flame vibrate in the same direction as the air particles.

Which row shows the direction of vibration of the candle flame, and the nature of sound
waves?
Q5. An echo-sounder on a ship produces a pulse of sound. The echo is received by the echo-
sounder after three seconds.

The speed of sound in sea-water is 1500m/ s.

What is the depth of the sea-water below the ship? (1)
 A 600m
 B 500m
 C 1000m
 D 2000m
Q6. A man holding a starting pistol stands 640m away from a spectator.

The spectator hears the sound of the starting pistol 2.0s after seeing the flash from the pistol.
Using this information, what is the speed of sound in air? (1)
 A 160m/s
 B 320m/s
 C 640m/s
 D 1280m/s
Q7. Two students are measuring the speed of sound.
The students are provided with a starting pistol, a stopwatch and a long measuring tape. The
starting pistol, when fired, produces a loud sound and a puff of smoke at the same instant.
Describe how the students use the apparatus and how they calculate the speed. (4)
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Q8. (a) Fig. 6.1 represents the waveform of a sound wave. The wave is travelling at constant
speed.

(i) On Fig. 6.1,

1. label with the letter X the marked distance corresponding to the wavelength of the wave,
[1]
2. label with the letter Y the marked distance corresponding to the amplitude of the wave. [1]
(ii) State what happens to the amplitude and the wavelength of the wave if
1. the loudness of the sound is increased at constant pitch, [1]
amplitude ...................................................................................................................
wavelength .................................................................................................................
2. the pitch of the sound is increased at constant loudness. [1]
amplitude ...................................................................................................................
wavelength .................................................................................................................
(b) A ship uses pulses of sound to measure the depth of the sea beneath the ship. A sound
pulse is transmitted into the sea and the echo from the sea-bed is received after 66 ms. The
speed of sound in seawater is 1500 m/s.
Calculate the depth of the sea beneath the ship.

depth = ...........................................................[3]
Q9. State how a longitudinal wave differs from a transverse wave. (2)
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Q10. (a) The following grid shows the oscilloscope trace for a quiet, low-pitch sound wave.
The security camera has an alarm that produces a loud, high-pitch sound. On the same grid,
draw a trace to represent the sound wave produced by the alarm. (2)
(b) The oscilloscope trace in the diagram represents a sound

Oscilloscope settings:
y direction: 1 square = 0.5
x direction: 1 square = 0.0005 s
(i) Determine the amplitude of the oscilloscope trace. (2)

amplitude = ........................................unit...............
(ii) Calculate the frequency of the sound wave. (2)

frequency = .............................................................. Hz
(iii) Deduce whether humans can hear the sound wave. (2)
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