Factors Effecting Agricultural Production

Natural:

Names
Topography Flat lands= Large & efficient farms.
Output declines as land gets steeper & higher.
Water North (P.P) receive adequate rainfall; perfect for crop growth & has good grazing.
Irrigational Facilities are more common in south & east (drier; suitable to Arabia
farming).
Soil Alluvial, Loess & Soil rich in humus are best for farming.
However Pak. lacks nutrient rich soil; fertilizers are used.
Pests & Diseases Leaf Curl Virus.
Preventative & curative have to be taken.
Pesticides & Insecticides (small scale farmers can’t afford; crop is destroyed.)
Temperature North; Growing season is limited from April-Sep
Sunnier South; Cereals & Fruits are grown throughout the year

Human:

Names
Irrigational Facilities Chapter 3
Fertilizers Chemical Fertilizer or Manure
Nitrogenous Fert. (75%)
Potash & Phosphate Fert. (25%)
Mechanization Tractors, Tillers, Threshers, Combine Harvesters & Reapers.
Efficiency but Unemployment.
Increase farmer's income by minimizing pre & post harvest loss.
Green Tractors And Tubewells Scheme under ADBP.
HYVs Done
Marketing of Agri. products It involves transportation, processing, storage, wholesale & retail.
Poor system due to underdeveloped transport facilities & large no. of intermediaries
which this increases costa
Size of Farm Breakup of farms (inheritance, laws & population pressure)= drawbacks
-can’t use machinery -difficult to supervise -can’t attain loans -irrigation is difficult -
can’t carry out reforms
Plant Protection Programs Preventative & curative have to be taken
Prepare seeds to be disease resistant & provide ground and aerial spraying against pests
and diseases
PPD maintains vigilant surveys to control locust attacks
Farming & The Environment
Names
Irrigation & Waterlogging Chapter 3
Removal of Vegetation Chapter 4
Fertilizers Chemical that drains into rivers; pollution
Algae growth (loss of oxygen as they use all)
Rivers supply water to cities; impacts human & livestock health
Pesticides Weakens human immune system; gastro-intestinal diseases & tuberculosis

Government Efforts to Develop Agriculture

Names
Reasons ¼ of GDP
Contributes A lot to exports
Supplies are material to industries
67.5% of people live in rural areas & they are directly or indirectly involved in agri.
Methods Increase fertilizer production
Distribution of HYVs & Regulation of quality of seeds
Development of PPP (regular in-checks, detection of pests & aerial sprays)
Provision of financial resources via schemes (one-window, loans, production and
developmental loans & loans for farm machinery)

Sustainable Agriculture
Names
Reasons -Land Degradation
-Soil Erosion
-Desertification
-Inefficient marketing system
Methods -Avoid poor farming practices (eduction)
-Reclamation of desert areas (irrigation)
-Organic farming (stimulating bacteria in soil to act as natural nutrient)
-Afforestation Projects (not allow over-cropping & multi-cropping)
-Address issue of Waterlogging & Salinity
-Development of new, highly productive & environment sustainable production
technologies & systems
Land Reforms
Names
Success More efficient use of land (better & more farming)
Bigger fields for mechanization due to consolidation of holdings (work faster)
More independence of tenants (free from landlord pressure)

Failure Poverty of farmers (can’t fight cases)

Power of landlords [Barani lands have incomplete records; Large landlords were
successful in manipulating agencies on duty of implementing it; Land transfer was just
an exercise & paper work; Desired aims weren’t achieved (Equitable Land distribution,
protection of tenant rights, consolidation of holdings & breaking hold of large
landlord)]
Government is now not interested