INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Patricia Lorenzo l Finals

Hydrogen and Alkali metals, Reactions of Alkali Metals, • White translucent solids.
and Anomalous Behavior of Lithium Others
Alkali metals & Reactions of Alkali Metals 2 M₍ₛ₎ + 2 H₂O₍ₗ₎ → 2 MOH₍₉₎ + H₍₉₎
• Valence Electrons (es) is ns¹. 1. Li - gentle reaction
• Good conductors of heat and electricity. 2. Na – vigorous
• Low melting point, weak metallic bonding. 3. K - vigorous w/ ignition
4. Rb – explosive
Melting g/cm³ Ionization E Color of Nuclear 5. Fr - highly reactive
point Flame Radii
Uses of Na & K
Li 180° 0.53 crimson • Use as coolant of plants because of excellent
yellow
thermal conductivity.
Na 98° 0.97
• Use as a mixture to produce amalgam w/ Hg.
K 64° 0.86 Red to
blue
Group 1
Pb 39° 1.53 violet
Lithium (Li)
Cs 29° 1.90 blue • “Lithos” means stone.
Increasing Decreasing • Aircraft (ex. Airplane wings)
• Aerospace
• Batteries (3.3%)
Hydrogen • LiCaCo₃ - can treat bipolar conditions.
• Most abundant element. • Li stearate (C₁₈H₁₅Li₃)
• Over 90% of all atoms in the universe are H • Lubricant in automotive industries.
atoms. • LiNbO₃ + Li tantalate - use in mobile
• 75% of all matter. communication devices.
• Smallest and lightest element 1e⁻, 1p⁺ in a single Nitrogen & Potassium (N&K)
atom of H called protium. • Essential for physiology as NaCl - for flavoring of
food.
Anomalous Behavior of Lithium, Cesium, and Rubidium • For road deicing and to break the ice.
LITHIUM Potassium (K)
• Abundant as spodumene, LiAlSi₂O₆ • As KOH used to make soft liquid soap.
CESIUM • As KCl + KSO₄ use as fertilizer.
• Zeolite pollucite, Cs₂Al₂Si₄O₁₂ * nH₂ • As KNO₂ + KClO₃ is used for fireworks and
RUBIDIUM explosives.
• Can exist as lepidolite, Li₂(F,OH)₂ Al₂(Si₃)₃ • KBr - use as anaphrodisiac to lessen sexual
Rb & Cs desire.
• Rb comes from the reduction of RbOH w/ Mg & • KCN - metal extraction.
H₂. Rubidium & Cesium (Rb & Cs)
• Cs comes from the reduction of CsOH w/ Mg & • Use interchangeably.
H₂. • Use for glass fiber optics.
• They are denser than H₂O. • (Cs) - international standard measure of time for
• Ignition is the shuttering of H₂O. definition of seconds and minutes.
• Absorb H₂O from the atmosphere.
• Exothermic rxn.
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Alde, Christopher John C.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Patricia Lorenzo l Finals

Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metal

- Occurrence and Extraction
Beryllium (Be)
• “Beryl”, Be3Al2(SiO3)6 heated with
Na2SiF6(sodiumhexafluorosilicate)
BeF6 + Mg → Be3
Magnesium (Mg)
• Can be obtained from natural occurrence of
dolomite, CaCo3-MgCO3 heated with air CaCo3-
MgCo3 (air)→MgO + CaO + FeSi
• Mg+Fe+CaSi4
• Magnesite (MgCo3)
• Seawater, dissolved Mg (1g/1L)
• 8th most abundant element in Earth’s crust.
Calcium (Ca)
• Naturally can see in Earth’s crust.
• 5th most abundant
• 7th in seawater
Radium (Ra)
• Extracted from uranium.
• Being minerals/ highly radioactive.
Strontium (Sr)
• 15th most abundant.
PROPERTIES
• Higher strength metallic bonding.
• Capability of donating es is ^ than group 2
• ^ metallic bonding
• ^ Melting point ^ MFA
• ^ Density ^ IE needed
REACTIVITY
• Be – does not react with water.
• Mg – react with hot water.
• Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra – React with cold water.
• Be – inert in air.
• Mg & Ca – Tarnish with air.
• Sr & Ba – Ignite with air.
FLAME TEST
• Ca – orange red
• Sr – crimson red
• Ba – yellowish green
• Ra – deep red
• Be & Mg – do not give color in flame test.

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Alde, Christopher John C.