III REVIEWER FOR HUMSS a behavioral condition, an event, or a contemporary
phenomenon in its social context.
Abstract - The executive summary of research. A
short summary or synopsis of the content of the
research paper. It provides the reader with a quick
preview or survey of the contents of the research
paper.
APA Guide - The American Psychological
Association (APA) style uses the in-text citation.
This contains the surname of the author, the
publication year of the source, and the specific pages
where the information can be found. It is written at
the end of the sentence.
Appendices - Contain various information in relation
to the research, though it may not be necessary to
include them in the main body of the research. They
can be survey questions, interview guides,
transcriptions of interviews, and photos. They can
also contain data results that are not included in the
main results in the body.
Applied Research - Focuses on addressing a specific
concern or usually offers a solution to a social
problem. It is a small-scale study that introduces
practical results that can be used in the short term.
Basic Research - Focuses on the advancement and
production of new knowledge. This form of
research is used by academicians and scientists, and
the primary consumers.
Bibliography - Contains all the published references
used in the research study.
-Contains all the published references used in the
research study; a list of all of the sources you have
used (whether referenced or not) in the process of
researching your work.
Books - Original research results or a compilation of
research articles published by university presses such
as University of the Philippines Press, Ateneo de
Manila University Press, De La Salle University
Publishing House, and University of Santo Tomas
Publishing House.
Case Studies - The researcher conducts an up-close
or in-depth study of an individual, an organization,
Charts - Utilized to show relationships in a set of
data.
Citing Resources- Intellectual honesty should be
practiced at all times in research writing. Plagiarism
can be avoided by identifying the sources of every
text that is directly quoted, paraphrased, and
summarized in the paper.
Conceptual or Theoretical Frameworks - These are
perspectives, points of views, models, or frames of
references usually made up of assumptions, theories,
and concepts that are used by the researcher in the
organization of observation, reasoning, analysis, and
interpretation of research data.
Conclusions - Abstractions of the summary of
findings into what are most important in relation to
the objectives of the study. This synthesizes the main
points of the research and answers the research
questions.
Content Analysis - A technique for gathering and
analyzing the content of a text.
Data Analysis and Interpretation – Used in
qualitative research. The researcher gradually
chooses the cases based on their specific content.
- The data collected are processed to determine for
possible patterns and trends, discover similarities and
differences, and find out possible relationships that
exist in the data. The results will be able to address
the research problem.
Data Coding - Researcher reorganizes the data into a
format that can easily be processed by computers
(e.g., SPSS Program, Nvivo). They develop rules to
assign numbers to variable attributes.
Definition of Terms - Giving clear definitions so that
readers may understand and avoid misinterpretation.
Descriptive Research - Conducted to provide picture
of the concepts or ideas about a topic or problem. The
researcher describes the nature of variables used in
the study.
- Uses concepts from theories. The researcher
finds a variable in the study that corresponds to
the concept as it was used in the theory from
which it was taken.
Dissertation/Thesis - Written by graduate students.
Some are published while others are unpublished and
can be accessed in the university libraries.
Drawings - Images that can be shown from several
views. They must be illustrated by a professional
artist.
Experimental Research - The researcher does
something to one group and none to another group,
and then examines the differences between the
outcomes. This form of research methodology is
usually employed in the natural sciences and related
fields like agriculture, engineering, and medicine;
and in the social sciences like psychology, education,
journalism, marketing, nursing, political science,
social work, and sociology.
Explanatory Research - Aims to explain the reasons
and causes of a problem or issue. It explains the
causes, reasons, and sources of different social
behavior, beliefs, situations, and events.
Exploratory Research - Conducted to know more
about the problem.
Field Research - It is also called ethnography or
participant-observation research, a qualitative
research method wherein the researcher directly
interacts and observes in a small-scale social setting
in the present time and in the researcher's own
culture. Data is collected through participant
observation and interviews.
Frequency Distribution - This is done by computing
the percentage frequency distribution of the variable
with the total number of respondents.
Government Documents - Published by the national
government, local government units, government
agencies, and international agencies.
Graphs - Used to describe the relationship between
parts of a group or object or sequence of operations
in a process.
Historical-Archival Research - This refers to
reconstruction and recreation of the past through the
use of primary and secondary sources.
Hypothesis - A verifiable proposition or a tentative
statement that clearly explains the relationship
between two variables about how the social world
operates.
Immersion - It is the act of becoming completely
involved in something like activity or interest.
Inquiry - It is the systematic search for information,
knowledge and truth about certain things. It is the
process of solving a problem through researching
and probing. It involves questioning and
interrogations.
Investigations - It is the systematic examination to
uncover facts regarding matter. It is done carefully
and by thoroughly inspecting details in an organized
manner and assessing facts which are uncovered in
the process.
Oral Presentation - Time allotted to communicate
and share the results of your research to the public.
Periodicals - Newspapers, popular social science
magazines, professional publications (e.g. National
Geographic and Psychology Today), Internet news
summaries, opinion magazines, editorials, and mass
market publications (e.g., Time, Newsweek, The
Economist).
Photograph - Used to augment the text.
Policy Reports and Conference Papers - Published by
government and private research institutes and policy
centers. Professional organizations that hold annual
conferences have scholarly papers presented in them.
Population - It can be a person, a group of people, an
organization, a document, a message, or an action
that can be measured.
Recommendation - Suggestions for future studies
based on the experiences and major findings of the
researcher.
Research - A systematic inquiry conducted to
understand a phenomenon which involves accurate
gathering and recording, critical analyses, and
interpretation of facts about the phenomenon for
theoretical or practical ends.
Research Problem - It is an issue that leads to the
need for a study. It is the central idea of the study. It
also serves as the main reason why research is being
undertaken.
opinions of a population by studying a sample
population.
Theoretical Framework - The application of a theory
or theories in explaining the existence of a
phenomenon and the inter-relationship of various
factors which led to the existence of the
phenomenon. Using this framework, the researcher
borrows the concepts, theories, and ideas proposed
by different social scientists, theorists, and
philosophers.

Review of Related Literature - A written summary of

published research studies and relevant works about
a particular subject matter that is related to the
researcher's main topic.
Sampling Design - The last part of the research
design. In quantitative research, the researcher gets a
representative sample or a small collection of units
or cases from a larger population to study the smaller
group and infer generalizations about the larger
group. In qualitative research, the purpose is to
collect cases, events or actions that will clarify and
deepen his or her understanding of society in a
particular context.
Scope and Limitations of the Study - It defines the
extent and focus of the research. It refers to the
specific topics or coverage of the research.
Significance of the Study - Explains its relevance and
contribution to the field. It must be explained as
clearly as possible so that readers will understand the
necessity to pursue the research.
Scholarly Journals - These are peer-reviewed or
abstracted refereed journals containing research
results of social scientists and other researchers (e.g.
Malay, Asian Studies, Philippine Studies, American
Sociological Review, Philippine Social Science
Review).
Statistical Analysis - This is used to examine
numerical data, which they manipulate and
summarize to produce a meaningful analysis
particularly in quantitative research.

Survey Research - A quantitative research that

provides numerical description of trends, attitudes, or