PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Sports - This is an activity that requires physical actions and skills

where individuals or teams compete under a set of rules.

Sport is classified into:

- Individual Sports
- Dual Sports
- Team Sports

Individual Sports - Are played by one participant on each competing

side.
Dual Sports - Played by two competing pairs.
Team Sports - Played by three or more players.

What is the difference between individual/dual sports and team sports?

Individual Sports - Foster a higher amount of discipline, self-
confidence, focus, and passion.
Team Sports - Many variables are considered to determine the
success or failure of the team. It depends on the collective efforts of all
its players.

Some of the important aspects to consider in learning a sport:

1. History
2. Court Dimension/Venue
3. Equipment and Gear
4. Technical and Tactical Skills
5. Rules of the Game
6. Officiating
Table Tennis
1. Grip - Shakehold Grip, Penhold Grip
2. Ready Position
3. Forehand and Backhand
4. Basic Hitting
5. Topspin/Topsin Serve
6. Basic Position, Forehand, and Backhand
7. Forehand and Backhand Push

BADMINTON

1. Grip - Handshake Grip (Forehand and Backhand)

2. Ready Position and Footwork
3. Serve - Long and Short Serve
4. Forehand and Backhand (Overhead Stroke)
5. Forehand and Backhand, Clear, Drop, Smash, Backhand Drive

TEAM SPORTS

BASKETBALL
1. Footwork
2. Pivoting
3. Catching the Ball
4. Dribbling
5. Passing
6. Shooting
7. Rebounding
SOFTBALL
1. Throwing
2. Catching
3. Fielding Flyballs and Ground Balls
4. Flying Catcher
5. Pitching
6. Batting
7. Baserunning
8. Sliding

VOLLEYBALL
1. Stance
2. Service
3. Tossing
4. Passing/Receiving
5. Attacking
6. Blocking
7. Defense Skills (Rolling/Sliding)

TECHNICAL AND TACTICAL SKILLS IN PLAYING SPORTS

Technical Skills - These are basic or fundamental skills needed to play

the game.

Examples of Technical Skills:

In Basketball - Dribbling, Passing, and Shooting
In Volleyball - Ball reception, attacking/spiking, and setting
Tactical Skills
- These are the decision-making skills or strategies used in different
situations during the game.
- A basic example is the use of quick passes and movement against a
taller but slower opponent in basketball.
- The use of tactical decisions during a game is called game sense.

Planning a Practice Game

1. Preparation Planning
- Date, Time, and Duration of Traning/Practice
- Objective/Goals
- Equipment needed during Training/Practice

2. Training Proper
- Warm-Up/Stretching
- Teaching new skills
- Scrimmage/Practice Game
- Cool down and Assessment

CHOOSING A SPORT

Some of the considerations that will guide an individual in their

choice of sports include:
1. Weather extremities (hot or cold) for an outdoor sports activity.
2. Enjoyment derived from the activity.
3. Previous activities were tried and enjoyed.
4. Financial capacity or budget. Activities like golf, scuba, diving,
etc.
5. State of health and level of fitness.
 6. Other alternative activities that will give motivation
What are the safety measures to avoid unnecessary injuries in
playing games or sports?

1. Safety equipment
2. Hydration
3. Perform moderate-intensity physical activity
4. Weather condition

BADMINTON

Badminton - Is one of the most enjoyable racket games that can be

played by males and females of any age or skill level. You need quick
reflexes and a physically fit body in order to cope with the game.
Badminton is considered a dual sport in singles and doubles. The
primary objective is to hit the shuttle cock over the net toward the
opponent’s floor court in such a way that it cannot be legally returned.
This is being played over the net using a shuttle cock and a racket.
The first player or players who first reach or reaches 21 points
wins the game.

HISTORY OF BADMINTON
ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT

It was over 2000 years ago in China where the early form of the
game was played a very similar game called Battledore.
Badminton first originated in India during the 18th Century where
it was known as Poona. The British army officers were very much
fascinated by the game and so they introduced it in England sometime
between 1870 and 1880.
 In England, the game was introduced at the Duke of Beaufort’s
summer home of badminton in Gloucestershire, England from where the
game received its International recognition. It was played on an
hourglass-shaped court which remained unchanged until 1901, when the
court was converted into a rectangle which is used until now.
Before long, badminton clubs and associations were formed
throughout England, in 1893, the first Badminton Association was
formed in 1899, and the All England Open Badminton Championship
was held, the first-ever badminton competition in the world. It was
eventually migrated to Continental Europe and it reached India via
British military officers and Indonesia by way of Dutch colonists.
Through this expansion came the formation of the International
Badminton Federation (IBF) in 1934. It is the governing body for the
International Cup Events.

It was in 1948 when the Premier International Men’s Team

Thomas Cup was established and the Uber Cup which is the
counterpart for women’s competition, was founded in 1956.
The game was presented as a demonstration sport in 1977 in
Munich, Germany Olympic Games and accepted as an Olympic
Medal Sport in 1985. In 1989, the mixed doubles event began with the
Sudiman Cup.

In the Philippines, the Badminton Association of the Philippines

governed the game. It is responsible for the promotion and development
of the game in the country. The BAP (Badminton Association of the
Philippines) is also the body that provides Filipino players competing in
international competitions representing the country. It promotes the
game by conducting local, as well as international, competitions,
sponsor seminars, and clinics to aspiring players and technical officials.
 FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

Badminton Playing Court

The official court is rectangular, defined by lines one and a half
inches wide. It measures 44 feet long by 22 feet wide for the double
game and 44 feet long by 17 feet wide for a single game.

There are two service areas on each side of the net, the right and
left service courts, bounded by a lining running parallel to the net called
the short service line.
The floor surface is traditionally composed of wood, but many
synthetic and plastic courts have been developed. The line shall easily be
distinguishable and preferably be white or yellow in color.
The post should be in 1.55 meters in height.
The specific measurements of the other lines in the court are in the
image (in mm).
In a single game, the service area is bounded by the short service
line, the back line, the center line, and the inside line. According to HL’s
Badminton Handbook, if the server’s score is an even number, the
server will serve from the right service court. If it is odd, the server will
serve on the left side.
Meanwhile, in a doubles game, the service area is bounded by the
short service line, the inside back line, the center line, and the outside
(side) line. In the Badminton Handbook of HL, the service will always
be done by the server on the right service court. If the first server
continues to win the rally, then he/she will rotate serving between the
right and left-hand service courts. Once the serve loses, the second
player will take over and serve from the alternate service court.
THE NET
The net shall be made of fine cord or dark color and even thickness
with a mesh of not less than 15 mm and not more than 20 mm.
- The net should be 760 mm in depth and at least 6.1 m wide.
- 1.524 m height of the net at the center of the court
- 1.55 m over the sidelines for doubles

RACKET
The racket is 680 mm in overall length and 230 mm in overall
width. Most quality rackets are now made of steel, aluminum, carbon,
graphite, and titanium. The overall dimension of a racket cannot exceed
26 ¾ inches in length, 9 inches in width, and 11 ½ inches in head length.

The main racket parts are called the handle, butt, stringed area,
head, shaft and throat, and frame.
The HEAD refers to the oval part of the racket that used to receive
and hit the shuttlecock.
The STRINGED AREA or STRINGING is the area or surface
with interlaced strings that strike the shuttlecock.
The FRAME surrounds the stringed area and is connected to the
shaft. The shaft is the long part of the racket.
The THROAT connects the frame and the handle.
The HANDLE is where a player’s hand grips and controls the
racket while the butt is the bottom part of the racket that is enlarged to
prevent the hand from slipping.

SHUTTLECOCK

Shuttlecocks or shuttle comes in two types: feathered and

synthetic.
Synthetic Shuttle is suitable for recreational games.
Feathered/Official Shuttlecocks must weigh from 4.744 to 5.50 grams
with 14 to 16 feathers.

The Shuttle shall have 16 feathers fixed in the base. The feathers
can have a variable length from 64 mm to 70 mm. The tips of the
feathers shall from 58 mm to 68 mm. The base, or the rubber part
securing the feathers together, shall be 25 mm to 28 mm in diameter,
rounded on the bottom.

ODD - 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 - Left
EVEN - 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 - Right

Skill Related Components

- Agility
- Speed
- Balance
- Condition