UNIT 9: CITIES OF THE FUTURE

A. THEORY REVIEW
I. Wordlist: (with IPA)
city dweller /ˈsɪti - ˈdwelə(r)/ (n) người sống ở đô thị, cư dân thành thị
detect /dɪˈtekt/ (v) dò tìm, phát hiện ra
infrastructure /ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃə(r)/ (n) cơ sở hạ tầng
inhabitant /ɪnˈhæbɪtənt/ (n) cư dân, người cư trú
liveable /ˈlɪvəbl/ (adj) sống được
optimistic /ˌɒptɪˈmɪstɪk/ (adj) lạc quan
overcrowded /ˌəʊvəˈkraʊdɪd/ (adj) chật ních, đông nghẹt
pessimistic /ˌpesɪˈmɪstɪk/ (adj) bi quan
quality of life /'kwɒləti əv laɪf/ (n) chất lượng sống
renewable /rɪˈnjuːəbl/ (adj) có thể tái tạo lại
sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbl/ (adj) không gây hại cho môi trường, có tính bền vững
upgrade /ˈʌpɡreɪd/ (v) nâng cấp
urban /ˈɜːbən/ (adj) thuộc về đô thị
urban planner /ˈɜːbən 'plænə(r)/ (n) người / chuyên gia quy hoạch đô thị

II. Grammar:
I. BASIC CONDITIONALS
1. Type 0: Câu điều kiện diễn tả thói quen hoặc một sự thật hiển nhiên.
a. Habit (Thói quen)
If + simple present tense ..., + simple present tense...
Ex: I usually walk to school if I have enough time.
b. Command (Mệnh Lệnh).
If + simple present tense ..., + command form of verb + ...
Ex: - If you go to the Post Office, mail this letter for me.
- Please call me if you hear anything from Jane.
2. Type 1: FUTURE POSSIBLE (Diễn tả một khả năng có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai).
If + S + V (simple present), S + will / shall + V (nguyên thể)
Ex: If I have time, I will go.
3. Type 2: PRESENT UNREAL (Diễn tả tình huống không có thật ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai)
If + S + V (past subjunctive/ simple past), S + would / could / might + V.
Ex: I don't win a lot of money, so I can't spend most of it travelling round the world.
→ If I won a lot of money, I could spend most of it travelling round the world.
4. Type 3: PAST UNREAL (Diễn tả tình huống không có thật ở quá khứ)
If + S + had + Vp2, S + would / could / might + have + Vp2
Ex: I didn't tell her any good news because I wasn't here early.

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 → If I had been here earlier, I would have told her some good news.
5. Type 4: Câu điều kiện pha trộn:
Form 1: Type 3 và Type 2
If + S + had + Vp2, S + would / could / might + V.
Ex: He isn't a rich man now because he didn't take my advice.
→ If he had taken my advice, he would be a rich man now.
Form 2: Type 2 và Type 3
If + S + V (past subjunctive simple past), S + would / could / might + have + Vp2
Ex: If I were him, I wouldn't have got married to her.

II. TAG QUESTIONS

A. Ý NGHĨA CỦA CÂU HỎI ĐUÔI
1. Câu hỏi đuôi là một phần nhỏ được thêm vào sau mỗi lời phát biểu. Chúng ta sử dụng câu hỏi
đuôi để xin phép sự đồng ý hoặc kiểm chứng xem thông tin có đúng không.
Ex: There is no milk in the fridge, isn't there?
2. Quy tắc chung:
- Lời phát biểu khẳng định + câu hỏi đuôi phủ định
- Lời phát biểu phủ định + câu hỏi đuôi khẳng định
Ex: She likes chocolate, doesn't she?
He doesn't go to school on weekends, does he?
3. Phần câu hỏi đuôi phủ định thường được viết rút gọn. Chủ ngữ của câu hỏi đuôi luôn luôn là
một đại từ.
B. SPECIAL TYPES (CÁC DẠNG ĐẶC BIỆT)
1. Phần đuôi của “I am....., aren’t I”.
Ex: I'm going to do it again, aren't I?
2. Imperatives and Requests (Câu mệnh lệnh và câu yêu cầu):
+ Có phần đuôi là “Won't you?” khi cầu phát biểu diễn tả lời mời
Ex: Take your seat, wont you? (Mời ông ngồi).
+ Có phần đuôi là “will you?” khi cầu phát biểu diễn tả lời yêu cầu hoặc mệnh lệnh phủ định
Ex: Open the door, will you? ( Xin vui lòng mở cửa)
Don't be late, will you ? (Đừng đi trễ nha)
3. Phần đuôi của cậu bắt đầu bằng “Lets ..” là “shall we?”
Ex: Let's go swimming, shall we?
- Nhưng phần đuôi của “Let me,.......will you”
4. Đại từ bất định:
- Khi chủ ngữ là Đại từ bất định chỉ vật: Nothing, anything, something everything được thay thế bằng
“It” ở câu hỏi đuôi.
Ex: Everything will be all right, won't it?

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- Khi chủ ngữ là Đại từ bất định chỉ người: No one, nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody,
everybody, everyone được thay thế bằng “They” trong câu hỏi đuôi.
Ex: Someone remembered to leave the messages, didn't they?
Note: Nothing, Nobody, No one được dùng trong mệnh đề chính, động từ câu hỏi đuôi sẽ phải ở dạng
khẳng định. (Vì Nothing, Nobody, No one có nghĩa phủ định)
Ex: Nothing gives you more pleasure than listening to music, does it?
5. This/ That được thay thế là “It”.
Ex: This won't take long, will it?
6. These/ Those được thay thế là “They”.
Ex: Those are nice, aren't they?
7. Khi trong câu nói có từ phủ định như: seldom, rarely, hardly, no, without, never, few, little...
phần đuôi phải ở dạng khẳng định.
Ex: He seldom goes to the movies, does he?
8. Nếu câu phát biểu có dạng:
- You’d better → câu hỏi đuối sẽ là: hadn't you?
- You’d rather → câu hỏi đuôi sẽ là: Wouldn’t you?
- You used to → câu hỏi đuôi sẽ là: didn’t you?
- S + ought to + V, oughtn't + S?
9. Câu đầu là “wish’ thì ta dùng “May” trong câu hỏi đuôi.
Ex: I wish to study English, may I?

10. Chủ ngữ là ONE ta dùng “you” hoặc “one”.

Ex: One can be one's master, can't you/one?
11. Câu cảm thán: Lấy danh từ trong câu đổi thành đại từ, [to be] dùng “is, am, are”.
Ex: - What a beautiful dress, isn't it?
- What a stupid boy, isn't he?
- How intelligent you are, aren't you?
12. Câu đầu có “It seems that + mệnh đề” ta lấy mệnh đề làm câu hỏi đuôi.
Ex: It seems that you are right, aren't you?
13. Chủ từ là mệnh đề danh từ: Dùng “it”
Ex: - What you have said is wrong, isn't it?
- Why he killed himself seems a secret, doesn't it?
14. Câu đầu có I + các động từ sau: think, believe, suppose, figure, assume, fancy, imagine,
reckon, expect, seem, feel + mệnh để phụ: Ta lấy mệnh phụ làm câu hỏi đuôi.
Ex: - I think he will come here, won't he?
- I don't believe Mary can do it, can she?
Note: - Mệnh đề chính có not thì vẫn tính như ở mệnh để phụ.
- Cùng mẫu này nhưng nếu chủ từ không phải là I thì lại dùng mệnh đề đầu làm câu hỏi đuôi.
Ex: She thinks he will come, doesn't she?

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B. PRACTICE

PART 1: Elementary & Pre-Intermediate levels

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in
pronunciation in each of the following questions.
1. A. capable B. available C. global D. climate
2. A. promote B. sensor C. sorry D. pollution
3. A. urban B. infrastructure C. quality D. inhabitant
4. A. disturbed B. censored C. detected D. solved
5. A. promotes B. predicts C. wastes D. changes

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary
stress in each of the following questions.

6. A. forecast B. design C. ignore D. detect

7. A. resident B. occupy C. inhabit D. conference
8. A. ideal B. complete C. alive D. special
9. A. underground B. contrary C. quality D. improvement
10. A. soluble B. emphatic C. excellent D. probable

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the
following sentences.
11. There won't be any lectures about urbanization this week, ?
A. won't there B. will there C. won't it D. will it be
12. Nobody is interested in city life in the future, ?
A. are they B. won't they C. aren't they D. will they
13. Your father used to swim in the country river, ?
A. did he B. didn't he C. used he D. not used he
14. I'm not used to city life, ?
A. am I B. don't I C. aren't I D. not I
15. Please don't shout at your children, ?
A. aren't you B. won't you C. would you D. will you
16. We have to wait for the bus, ?
A. haven't we B. have we C. won't we D. don't we
17. You have just bought a new cassette, ?
A. did you B. didn't you C. haven't you D. have you
18. Susana hardly ever speaks to us these days, ?
A. does she B. doesn't she C. has she D. hasn't she
19. Carl thinks you had better clear the ashes away first, ?
A. hadn't you B. does he C. had you D. doesn't he
20. There has not been a great response to the schedule, ?
A. does there B. has there C. hasn't it D. has it
21. Let's listen to the radio programs that the teacher mentioned, ?

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 A. do we B. won't we C. don't we D. shall we
22. Everybody here loves classic music, ?
A. isn't he B. do they C. don't they D. is he
23. John does not need to come, ?
A. does he B. need he C. must he D. will he
24. They should have gone early, ?
A. have they B. should they C. haven't they D. shouldn't they
25. Something in his report about living standards in big cities is wrong, ?
A. is it B. aren't they C. isn't it D. are they
26. If ice is heated, it .
A. would melt B. melts C. is melting D. will have melted
27. Optimistic people believe that city will have a better life thanks to important
achievements in technology and medicine.
A. citizens B. locals C. dwellers D. occupants
28. Scientists are looking for ways to cut the cost of renewable energy sources.
A. back B. up C. off D. down
29. They really ripped us at that hotel; they charged me a lot of money.
A. up B. off C. out D. into
30. If you need help, make no to ask.
A. hesitation B. relax C. time D. embarrassment
31. The main goal of planning is providing a healthier environment for people living in the
city.
A. livable B. urban C. rural D. sustainable
32. Many researchers claim that yoga practice and physical activities can improve people's
of life.
A. quality B. infrastructure C. habitat D. pace
33. The reason for all the changes being made to us yet.
A. has not explained ,m B. has not been explained
C. did not explained D. were not explained
34. Experiments in the photography of moving objects in both the United States and
Europe well before 1900.
A. were conducting B. were conducted
C. had been conducted D. had conducted
35. They took measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping.
A. fruitful B. beneficial C. valid D. effective
36. In developing countries people are into overcrowded cities in great numbers.
A. breaking B. filling C. pouring D. walking
37. There are other problems of city life which I don't propose to at the moment.
A. go into B. go around C. go for D. go up
38. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios after 11 o'clock at night.

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 A. did not play B. not to play C. not be played D. were not played
39. - A: "The regional authorities failed to provide the poor with essential services such as
accommodation, fresh water and electricity."
- B: “ ”
A. That's great. B. That's too bad.
C. It's too good to be true. D. I have no idea.
40. - A: "Jenny is always late for appointments."
- B: "Yes. "
A. But she is having an appointment.
B. But she will never be appointed to the position.
C. And the appointment is never late, too.
D. And she always knows how to make an excuse.

Use the word given in capitals to form a word that fits in the gap.
The Future of Tall Buildings
Architects who build many skyscrapers believe that a tall building must always have a certain
minimum (41) WIDE but there is no limit to its (42) HIGH. This means
that the skyscrapers of the future are likely to be even taller. Engineers agree with this, but there is
(43) AGREE over the best shape for very tall buildings. The effects of wind (44)
PRESS mean that cylindrical designs have become (45) POPULARITY
in recent years, and these are quite pleasing to the eye. (46) FORTUNATE however,
the ideal shape is an ugly square with heavily rounded corners. Would these tall buildings of the
future offer more than a (47) WONDER view? Some believe tall towers could contain
all the (48) REQUIRE for modern living. The (49) INHABIT of these
vertical villages would travel up and down between their home and workplaces and would (50)
RARE need to get down to ground level.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
51. This is the right DVD, ?
A. isn't this B. is this C. isn't it D. is it
52. I'm not the only one, ?
A. aren't I B. am I C. am not I D. are not I
53. Let's go out tonight, ?
A. shall we B. will we C. could we D. would we
54. Don't forget to write to me soon, ?
A. would you B. could you C. can you D. will you
55. Nothing frightens you, ?
A. does it B. doesn't it C. do they D. don't they
56. Somebody's just called my name, ?
A. hasn't he B. didn't he С . haven't they D. have they
57. I suppose you don't like the course, ?
A. don't I B. do I C. don't you D. do you
58. Everyone's going to be there, ?
A. isn't he B. is he C. aren't they D. are they

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59. We never enjoy our city break, ?
A. do we B. don't we C. have we D. haven't we
60. There will be more and more megacities in the world,
A. will it B. won't it C. will there D. won't there
61. No one wants to live in a polluted city, ?
A. do they B. don't they C. does he D. doesn't he
62. I think city dwellers can enjoy an exciting nightlife, ?
A. don't you think B. don't I C. can't they D. can they
63. There's hardly anything that can be done to reduce pollution, ?
A. isn't there B. is there C. can it D. can't it
64. You have to wear a uniform when going to work, ?
A. haven't you B. have you C. do you D. don't you
65. We are supposed to submit the assignment by Friday, ?
A. don't we B. are we C. aren't we D. do we
66. Put these flowers near the window, ?
A. will you B. would you C. could you D. all are correct
67. None of the old people like living in urban areas, ?
A. do them B. does he C. do they D. don't they
68. Neither of the locations was ideal for a new shopping mall, ?
A. were they B. was it C. weren't they D. wasn't it
69. I believe nothing serious happened, ?
A. did it B. didn't it C. do I D. don't I
70. Sophie has got no major problems living in the new city, ?
A. hasn't she B. has she C. does she D. doesn't she

Choose the best answer which best fits each space in each sentence.
71. All fossil fuels are resources that cannot be replaced after use.
A. unlimited B. renewable C. available D. non- renewable
72. Somebody's just called my name, ?
A. is he B. have they C. haven't they D. hasn’t they
73. If you freeze water, it into ice.
A. turns B. is turning C. turned D. would turn
74. Telecommunication is bound to have a huge on various aspects of our lives.
A. depression B. technique C. expect D. impact
75. - Jack: "Would you like me to get a taxi?"
- Iean: " ”

A. Yes, please, if it's no bother B. well, let's see

C. That would be delighted. Thanks D. Yes, I see
76. We had to wait for a long time to get our visa, ?
A. did we B. didn’t we C. had we D. hadn’t we
77. No one can predict the future exactly. Things may happen .

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 A. expected B. unexpected C. expectedly D. unexpectedly
78. Don't leave the TV you are watching it.
A. if B. unless C. because D. so
79. The government is making plans to install sensors and cameras in the city center to
traffic problems and help drivers to avoid traffic jams.
A. discover B. detect C. find D. watch
80. The aim of the waste disposal bins system is to convert waste renewable energy for
the community.
A. onto B. to C. into D. in

PART 2: Intermediate & Upper-Intermediate levels

Choose the correct words in italic to complete the sentences

innovation availability urbanization detectors
inhabitants sustainability developments investment
creation optimistic
81. Songdo is unique, offering city something they have never had access to before.
82. The city officials are that the center will continue to be a green population center.
83. The information will be collected through the .
84. Cities need to make full use of land in order to achieve urban .
85. Some of the other problems predicted for the near future include limited and diminishing arable land, deforestation,
, and degradation of land and water.
86. For South Korea, Songdo is more than a hi-tech business district, but an example of future .
87. Songdo is the prototype for the green the Korean government wants to build the economy
on in the future.
88. The pace of is happening fast in the United States.
89. I think the cities of tomorrow also need to consider the of open space.
90. Cities at their best are social environments where and human developments go hand in hand.

Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.
91. A. atmosphere B. compulsory C. conservation D. opportunity
92. A. cuisine B. diversity C. disease D: preserve
93. A. popular B. mosaic C. optimist D. responsible
94. A. sustainable B. infrastructure C. campus D. surprised
95. A. provide B. province C. volunteer D. population
96. A. climate B. designer C. discussion D. environment
97. A. dweller B. energy C. technology D. electricity

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98. A. sustainable B. designer C. infrastructure D. rescue
99. A. ugly B. unchanged C. struggle D. unanimous
100. A. sign B. sour C. aisle D. pizza

Read the text and the headings below. Match the correct headings I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII with the sections A, B,
C, D, E
Traffic Jams — No End in Sight
There are no easy answers to the problems of traffic congestion.
A. Traffic congestion affects people throughout the world. Traffic jams cause smog in dozens of cities across both the
developed and developing world. In the U.S., commuters spend an average of a full work week each year sitting in
traffic, according to the Texas Transportation Institute. While alternative ways of getting around are available, most
people still choose their cars because they are looking for convenience, comfort and privacy.
B. The most promising technique for reducing city traffic is called congestion pricing, whereby cities charge a toll to
enter certain parts of town at certain times of day. In theory, if the toll is high enough, some drivers will cancel their trips
or go by bus or train. And in practice it seems to work: Singapore, London and Stockholm have reduced traffic and
pollution in city centers thanks to congestion pricing.
C. Another way to reduce rush hour traffic is for employers to implement flextime, which let employees travel to and
from work at off-peak traffic times to avoid the rush hour. Those who have to travel during busy times can do their part
by sharing cars. Employers can also allow more staff to telecommute (work from home) so as to keep more cars off the
road altogether.
D. Some urban planners still believe that the best way to ease traffic congestion is to build more roads, especially roads
that can take drivers around or overcrowded city streets. But such techniques do not really keep cars off the road; they
only accommodate more of them.
E. Other, more forward-thinking, planners know that more and more drivers and cars are taking to the roads every day,
and they are unwilling to encourage more private automobiles when public transport is so much better both for people
and the environment. For this reason, the American government has decided to spend some $7 billion on helping to
increase capacity on public transport systems and upgrade them with more efficient technologies. But environmentalists
complain that such funding is tiny compared with the $50 billion being spent on roads and bridges.
Headings:
I. A solution which is no solution
II. Changing working practices
III. Closing city centre to traffic
IV. Making cars more environmentally friendly
V. Not doing enough
VI. Paying to get in
VII. A global problem
101. Paragraph A
102. Paragraph B
103. Paragraph C
104. Paragraph D
105. Paragraph E

Find the words in the text that have is closest in meaning to the words below
106. traveler

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107. traffic jams
108. peak hours
109. cars
110. provide room for

Complete the second sentence using the word given, so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence. Write
between two and five words in each gap.
111. Getting up early makes me feel hungry.
EARLY
If I hungry.

112. If I eat tomatoes, I get bad stomach problems.

ALLERGIC
I tomatoes; If I eat them, I get bad stomach problems.

113. If you reconsider our offer, I think you might change your mind.
WERE
If you , I think you might change your mind.

114. Thanks to the security officer, the robbery did not succeed.
HADN'T
If it officer, the robbery would have succeeded.

115. Aliens might land on earth unnoticed

MIGHT
If aliens not be noticed.

116. The match will be played tomorrow unless it rains.

LONG
The match will be played tomorrow as any rain.
117. We appear to have been given the wrong address.
AS
It we have been given the wrong address.
118. He's likely to lose his job if he keeps disagreeing with his boss.
DANGER
If he keeps disagreeing with his boss, he's losing his job.
119. Fresh fruit is plentiful at this time of year.
SHORTAGE
There is at this time of year.
120. You need both luck and talent to succeed.
AS WELL AS

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 Success depends talent.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the
questions. Throughout the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, citizens of the United States maintained a bias
against big cities. Most lived on farms and in small towns and believed cities to be centers of corruption, crime,
poverty, and moral
degradation. Their distrust was caused, in part, by a notional ideology that proclaimed farming the greatest Occupation
and rural living superior to urban living. This attitude prevailed even as the number of urban dwellers increased and
cities became an essential feature of the national landscape. Gradually, economic reality overcame ideology. Thousands
abandoned the precarious life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city. But when these people
migrated from the countryside, they carried their fears and suspicions with them. This new urban population, already
convinced that cities were overwhelmed with great problems, eagerly embraced the progressive reforms that promised
to bring order out of the chaos of the city.
One of many reforms came in the area of public utilities. Water and sewerage systems were usually operated by
municipal governments, but the gas and electric networks were privately owned. Reformers feared that the privately
owned utility companies would charge exorbitant rates for these essential services and deliver them only to people who
would afford them, some city and state governments responded by regulating the utility companies, but a number of
cities began to supply these services themselves. Proponents of these reforms argued that public ownership and
regulation would insure widespread access to these utilities and guarantee a fair price.
While some reforms focused on government and public behavior, others looked at the cities as a whole. Civic
leaders, convinced that the physical environment influenced human behavior, argued that cities should develop master
plans to guide their future growth and development. City planning was nothing new, but the rapid industrialization and
urban growth of the late nineteenth century took place without any consideration for order. Urban renewal in the
twentieth century followed several courses. Some cities introduced plans to completely rebuild the city core. Most other
cities contented themselves with zoning plans for regulating future growth. Certain parts of town were restricted to
residential use, while others were set aside for industrial or commercial development.
121. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. A comparison of urban and rural life in the early twentieth century
B. The role of government in twentieth-century urban renewal
C. Efforts to improve urban life in the early twentieth century
D. Methods of controlling urban growth in the twentieth century
122. The word "bias" in the passage closest in meaning to .
A. diagonal B. slope C. distortion D. prejudice
123. The first paragraph suggests that most people who lived in rural areas .
A. were suspicious of their neighbors
B. were very proud of their lifestyle
C. believed city government had too much power
D. wanted to move to the cities
124. In the early twentieth century, many rural dwellers migrated to the city in order to .
A. participate in the urban reform movement
B. seek financial security
C. comply with a government ordinance
D. avoid crime and corruption
125. The word "embraced" in the passage is closest in meaning to .
A. suggested B. overestimated C. demanded D. welcomed
126. What concern did reformers have about privately owned utility companies?
A. They feared the services would not be made available to all city dwellers.

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 B. They believed private ownership would slow economic growth
C. They did not trust the companies to obey the government regulations.
D. They wanted to ensure that the services would be provided to rural areas.
127. The word "exorbitant" in the passage closest in meaning to .
A. additional B. expensive C. various D. modified
128. All of the following were the direct result of public utility reforms EXCEPT .
A. local governments determined the rates charged by private utility companies
B. some utility companies were owned and operated by local governments
C. the availability of services was regulated by local government
D. private utility companies were required to pay a fee to local governments
129. The word "Proponents" in the passage is closest in meaning to .
A. Experts B. Pioneers C. Reviewers D. Supporters
130. Why does the author mention "industrialization"?
A. To explain how fast urban growth led to poorly designed cities
B. To emphasize the economic importance of urban areas
C. To suggest that labor disputes had become an urban problem
D. To illustrate the need for construction of new factories

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the above Reading Passage?
In boxes on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

131. The only reason people had a bias against big cities is that they believed farming was the greatest occupation.
132. The city offered more stable jobs.
133. Public ownership and regulation ensure widespread access to public utilities and guarantee a fair price.
134. The rapid development of cities in the late 19th century accompanied good urban planning.
135. In some cities, certain areas have a different function from others.

Mark the letter A, B, G, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
136. Local authorities should find ways to limit the use of private cars and encourage city to use public transport.
A. commuters B. planners C. dwellers D. people
137. To get ready for the presentation, we can start preparing the slides while Jeremy will do the .

A. speaking B. telling C. talking D. speech

138. Located about 60 km southwest of Seoul, this eco city has been planned around a central park and designed so that
every resident can walk to work in the business .
A. district B. area C. location D. organisation
139. The waste system here is also innovative. There are no rubbish trucks or waste bins in the street.
A. dump B. disposal C. landfill D. throwaway
140. London is a/an city. It's a melting pot for people from all parts of the world.
A. international B. national C. metropolitan D. cosmopolitan
141. Cities in poorer countries often lack basic . Without it, they are unable to function properly as cities.
A. structure B. construction C. infrastructure D. condition

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142. The of living in some places can be very high. Prices in London are particularly exorbitant.
A. value B. price C. worth D . cost
143. Urban is prevalent in most cities. Everywhere you go there are building sites, pedestrian precincts, blocks of
flats, and housing estates spreading into the countryside.
A. sprawl B. expansion C. widening D. spread
144. This safe, friendly city is like a paradise for its inhabitants who can enjoy the highest quality of life.
A. environment B. environmental C. environmentally D. environmentalist
145. waste is putting city dweller's health at a real risk.
A. Treatment B. Untreated C. Non-treatment D. Non-treated
146. Every month, scientists invent new gadgets and to help us with our daily lives, and discover ways to make
existing technology faster and better.
A. experiments B. effects C. laboratories D. equipment
147. Unlike the country where the day often ends quite early in the evening, the city offers its people exciting .
A. activities B. performances C. nightlife D. night clubs
148. The roads are terrible. I'm always getting in traffic.
A. stuck B. lost C. exhausted D. late
149. A pedestrian is a specified place on the road where people can cross.
A. crossroads B. crossing C. junction D. T-junction
150. Everything's a bit more expensive here and property prices are extremely high. A lot of people have no choice but
to live in the and commute into work.
A. outskirt B. suburbs C. city D. urban
151. It's much safer for cyclists to get around these days with cycle everywhere.
A. lanes B. streets C. roads D. paths
152. The is where you'll find all the large department stores and banks.
A. city heart B. town hall C . city centre D. business district
153. Exhaust from cars are responsible for much of the air pollution in cities.
A. fumes B. smokes C. gases D . smog
154. Many factories still allow , such as toxic waste, to flow into our rivers
A. pollution B. litters C. garbage D. pollutants
155. Many commuters struggling to work through the rush-hour ask 'Is it worth it?'
A. congestion B. vehicles C. roads D. accidents
156. It is perhaps the daily stresses and of the city which make life there a matter of survival rather than of
enjoyment.
A depresses B. strains C. demands D. challenges
157. Most cars nowadays are fitted with a security of some kind.
A. motor B. gadget C. tool D. device
158. The greenhouse takes place when certain gases in the atmosphere trap the sun's heat.
A emission B. gas C. effect D. affect
159. Pollution and heavy traffic are common problems in cities.
A cosmopolitan B. modern C. metropolitan D. overcrowded
160. Millions of people around the world still live in poverty. They are struggling every day simply to .
A. get up B. get by C. get on D. get round

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the
following questions.
161. Today Islamabad is a thriving city of about 1 million people. It offers a healthy climate, a pollution-free
atmosphere, plenty of water, and many green spaces.
A. healthy B. prosperous C. modern D. green
162. Scientists hope that this new drug will be a major breakthrough in the fight against AIDS.
A. new cure B. important therapy C. sudden remedy D. dramatic development

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163. They design and carry out projects aiming to reduce fossil fuel consumption, find renewable fuels for public
transport, and promote other clean air efforts.
A. inexhaustible B. recyclable C. green D. environmentally-friendly
164. The urban planners are working for Eco Infrastructure Network, whose main function is to deal with urban
environmental problems to make Super Star City greener, cleaner, and more sustainable.
A. eye-catching B. developed C. long-lasting D. friendly
165. If we have solar panels on our roofs, we'll be able to generate our own electricity.
A. afford B. produce C. manufacture D. light
166. I believe the government will use advanced technology to build faster trains and make people's lives more
comfortable.
A. modern B. expensive C. public D. latest
167. Many city dwellers, especially those in developing countries, still live in poverty.
A. people B. migrants C. immigrants D. residents
168. These projects have proved to be very effective in dealing with global climate change, which was considered an
insoluble problem in the first 30 years of this century.
A. hard B. challenging C. unsolvable D. unbearable
169. There's a real mix of people in Brighton. It has a very cosmopolitan feel to it.
A. busy B. hectic C. multi-cultural D. diversified
170. People who hold optimistic views believe that cities of the future will increase the general well-being of individuals
and societies.
A. health state B. quality of life C. level of development D. growth rate
Exercise 5. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in
each of the following questions.
171. If I take the pessimistic viewpoint, Tokyo won't be a safe place to live in.
A. negative B. optimistic C. optical D. neutral
172. To reduce carbon emissions into the atmosphere, ways to limit the use of private cars must be found.
A. public B. personal C. common D. shared
173. People who live in towns and cities live in an urban environment.
A. remote B. deserted C. suburban D. rural
174. There is pollution not only of the physical environment because the various pressures of urban life causes cities to
breed crime.
A. social B. mental C. moral D. manual
175. Governments have to join hands to solve the environmental problems on a global scale.
A. worldwide B. nationwide C. local D. international
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
176. You use your mobile phone a lot, so you have large phone bills.
A. If you don't use your mobile phone a lot, you don't have large phone bills.
B. If you didn't use your mobile phone a lot, you wouldn't have large phone bills.
C. If you don't use your mobile phone a lot, you won't have large phone bills.
D. If you won't use your mobile phone a lot, you won't have large phone bills.
177. I think you should tell your parents the truth.
A. If I am you, I tell your parents the truth.
B. If I am you, I will tell your parents the truth.
C. If I were you, I would tell your parents the truth.
D. If I were you, I will tell your parents the truth.
178. My computer always crashes when a CD is inserted.
A. If I insert a CD, my computer will crash.
B. If I insert a CD, my computer crashes.
C. If you want my computer to crash, insert a CD.
D. Unless you want my computer to crash, insert a CD.
179. Water always boils when you heat it long enough.

HES | FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY 14

 A. If heated long enough, water boils. B. If water is heated long enough, it boils.
C. If you heat water long enough, it boils. D. All are correct.
180. Plants and flowers can't live without water.
A. If you water plants and flowers, they can't live.
B. If you water plants and flowers, they will live.
C. If you don't water plants and flowers, they can't live.
D. Unless you water plants and flowers, they live.

PART 3: Advanced level

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each
of the numbered blanks.
MARRAKECH
Where can you go in January for almost guaranteed sunshine – without travelling for most of the day to get there? The
answer is Marrakech in Morocco, a four-hour (181) from Britain, where the average temperature is a pleasant
66°F.
Marrakech is a city of (182) beauty, with its pink buildings and green palm trees contrasting with the snow-covered
(183) of the Atlas Mountains in the distance. For tourists, there's the added attraction of excellent food at
reasonable prices, and high-quality accommodation, such as Hotel La Momounia, (184) as one of the top hotels in
the world.
(185) Marrakech is one of Morocco's busiest and most modern cities, the influence of the Middle Ages is still very
evident. (186) can admire the battlements, towers, and mosques, which were built (187) centuries ago. And
forget about shopping malls – for perfumes, fabrics, antiques, spices and crafts, (188) the ‘souks’, open-air market
places where you'll almost (189) find something to take back home.
For those who want to (190) sport Marrakech has plenty to offer. (191) to golf and tennis, there is also skiing
on the slopes of the high Atlas Mountains, where the (192) of the surrounding area are quite spectacular.
Alternatively, you could just relax by a heated swimming pool and dream of your next visit.
181. A. travel B. trip C. flight D. voyage
182. A. impressionable B. great C. large D. high
183. A. summits B. hills C. heads D. slides
184. A. considered B. regarded C. believed D. seemingly
185. A. Having said that B. However C. Despite D. Although
186. A. Spectators B. Viewers C. Sightseers D. Onlookers
187. A. several B. plenty C. as old as D. not least
188. A. get lost in B. put up with C. head for D. immerse in
189. A. likely B. certainly C. probably D. possibly
190. A. do B. exercise C. take up D. go in
191. A. As well B. Close C. In addition D. Next
192. A. visions B. views C. aspects D. appearances

Rewrite the sentences, using the words given in brackets

193. He is trying to get the voters to rank him more highly. (standing)

194. I have spent hours of my relaxation time watching a Vietnamese drama, but it stopped at episode 50 when the
storyline had not reached its conclusion. (only for … to)

195. I can’t stop watching them because I am interested in how family members behave with each other in these dramas.
(dynamics)

HES | FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY 15

196. Childcare is no longer solely a female responsibility. (domain)

197. We want to encourage everyone to get the skills he or she needs. (empower, obtain)

198. I seem to have bought two copies of this book. (acquire)

199. He is studying the way that language is learned by children. (acquire)

200. People have strong opinions on abortion. (charged)

Read the following passage and answer the questions below

COULD URBAN ENGINEERS LEARN FROM DANCE?

A
The way we travel around cities has a major impact on whether they are sustainable. Transportation is estimated to
account for 30% of energy consumption in most of the world’s most developed nations, so lowering the need for energy-
using vehicles is essential for decreasing the environmental impact of mobility. But as more and more people move to
cities, it is important to think about other kinds of sustainable travel too. The ways we travel affect our physical and
mental health, our social lives, our access to work and culture, and the air we breathe. Engineers are tasked with
changing how we travel around cities through urban design, but the engineering industry still works on the assumptions
that led to the creation of the energy-consuming transport systems we have now: the emphasis placed solely on
efficiency, speed, and quantitative data. We need radical changes, to make it healthier, more enjoyable, and less
environmentally damaging to travel around cities.

B
Dance might hold some of the answers. That is not to suggest everyone should dance their way to work, however healthy
and happy it might make us, but rather that the techniques used by choreographers to experiment with and design
movement in dance could provide engineers with tools to stimulate new ideas in city-making. Richard Sennett, an
influential urbanist and sociologist who has transformed ideas about the way cities are made, argues that urban design
has suffered from a separation between mind and body since the introduction of the architectural blueprint.

C
Whereas medieval builders improvised and adapted construction through their intimate knowledge of materials and
personal experience of the conditions on a site, building designs are now conceived and stored in media technologies
that detach the designer from the physical and social realities they are creating. While the design practices created by
these new technologies are essential for managing the technical complexity of the modern city, they have the drawback
of simplifying reality in the process.

D
To illustrate, Sennett discusses the Peachtree Center in Atlanta, USA, a development typical of the modernist approach
to urban planning prevalent in the 1970s. Peachtree created a grid of streets and towers intended as a new pedestrian-
friendly downtown for Atlanta. According to Sennett, this failed because its designers had invested too much faith in
computer-aided design to tell them how it would operate. They failed to take into account that purpose-built street cafés
could not operate in the hot sun without the protective awnings common in older buildings, and would need energy-
consuming air conditioning instead, or that its giant car park would feel so unwelcoming that it would put people off
getting out of their cars. What seems entirely predictable and controllable on screen has unexpected results when
translated into reality.

HES | FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY 16

E
The same is true in transport engineering, which uses models to predict and shape the way people move through the city.
Again, these models are necessary, but they are built on specific world views in which certain forms of efficiency and
safety are considered and other experiences of the city ignored. Designs that seem logical in models appear counter-
intuitive in the actual experience of their users. The guard rails that will be familiar to anyone who has attempted to cross
a British road, for example, were an engineering solution to pedestrian safety based on models that prioritise the smooth
flow of traffic. On wide major roads, they often guide pedestrians to specific crossing points and slow down their
progress across the road by using staggered access points that divide the crossing into two – one for each carriageway. In
doing so they make crossings feel longer, introducing psychological barriers greatly impacting those that are the least
mobile, and encouraging others to make dangerous crossings to get around the guard rails. These barriers don’t just
make it harder to cross the road: they divide communities and decrease opportunities for healthy transport. As a result,
many are now being removed, causing disruption, cost, and waste.

F
If their designers had had the tools to think with their bodies – like dancers – and imagine how these barriers would feel,
there might have been a better solution. In order to bring about fundamental changes to the ways we use our cities,
engineering will need to develop a richer understanding of why people move in certain ways, and how this movement
affects them. Choreography may not seem an obvious choice for tackling this problem. Yet it shares with engineering
the aim of designing patterns of movement within limitations of space. It is an art form developed almost entirely by
trying out ideas with the body, and gaining instant feedback on how the results feel. Choreographers have a deep
understanding of the psychological, aesthetic, and physical implications of different ways of moving.

G
Observing the choreographer Wayne McGregor, cognitive scientist David Kirsh described how he ‘thinks with the
body’, Kirsh argues that by using the body to simulate outcomes, McGregor is able to imagine solutions that would not
be possible using purely abstract thought. This kind of physical knowledge is valued in many areas of expertise, but
currently has no place in formal engineering design processes. A suggested method for transport engineers is to
improvise design solutions and instant feedback about how they would work from their own experience of them, or
model designs at full scale in the way choreographers experiment with groups of dancers. Above all, perhaps, they might
learn to design for emotional as well as functional effects.

Questions 201-206
Reading Passage 1 has seven paragraphs, A-G.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.
201. reference to an appealing way of using dance that the writer is not proposing
202. an example of a contrast between past and present approaches to building
203. mention of an objective of both dance and engineering
204. reference to an unforeseen problem arising from ignoring the climate
205. why some measures intended to help people are being reversed
206. reference to how transport has an impact on human lives

Questions 207-213
Complete the summary below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

Guard rails

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Guard rails were introduced on British roads to improve the 207….............................of pedestrians,
while ensuring that the movement of 208….............................is not disrupted. Pedestrians are led to
access points, and encouraged to cross one 209…..............................at a time.

An unintended effect is to create psychological difficulties in crossing the road, particularly for
less 210…...........................people. Another result is that some people cross the road in
a 211……………………. way. The guard rails separate 212…............................., and make it more
difficult to introduce forms of transport that are 213…………………….

Questions 214-220
Find words in passage that are closest in meaning to the words below:
214. great changes …………………….
215. people who know a lot about dancing …………………….
216. not happening in the way you would expect it to …………………….
217. people who walk on the streets …………………….
218. deal with a problem …………………….
219. create something without planning in advance …………………….
220. imitate …………………….

Listening
(Link to Audio: https://youtu.be/XZSTXV7rUWI)
Complete the notes below.
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
NOISE IN CITIES
Past research focused on noise level (measured in decibels) and people’s responses.
Noise ‘maps’
• show that the highest noise levels are usually found on roads
• do not show other sources of noise, e.g. when windows are open or people’s neighbours are in
their 221………………
• ignore variations in people’s perceptions of noise
• have made people realize that the noise is a 222…......................issue that must be dealt with
Problems caused by noise
• sleep disturbance
• increase in amount of stress
• effect on the 223…......................of schoolchildren
Different types of noise
Some noises can be considered pleasant e.g. the sound of a 224….....................in a town
To investigate this, researchers may use methods from 225…......................sciences e.g.
questionnaires
What people want
Plenty of activity in urban environments which are 226…....................., but also allow people to
Relax

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But architects and town planners
• do not get much 227….....................in acoustics
• regard sound as the responsibility of engineers
Understanding sound as an art form
We need to know
• how sound relates to 228………………
• what can be learnt from psychology about the effects of sound
• whether physics can help us understand the 229….....................of sound
Virtual reality programs
• advantage: predict the effect of buildings
• current disadvantage: they are 230………………

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits
each of the numbered blanks.

THE RISE OF OLDER CITIES

Many older cities are having modern makeovers and they are being given a new (231) . Sometimes the
impetus for this (232) of change comes from the need to provide new (233) for particular events being
held in the city - a sporting event, or something (234) . On other (235) the change just seems to (236)
place almost naturally.
Take Birmingham, for instance, (237) it was previously an (238) place to live, it has now become
trendy, and this change has been (239) largely by the new-look architecture that can be found everywhere
in the city. The old shopping centre has been (240) down and completely rebuilt, and new shopping malls are
competing to attract shoppers with the high quality of their services and goods. The area located around the canal, once
hidden away and surrounded by decaying factories was often used as a rubbish (241) , but it has now become a trendy
place (242) up of modern offices, bars, sought-after apartments and restaurants. To (243)
up, Birmingham has become the place to be. Even in what was formerly the poorest part of the city an old
factory has been (244) into a lively complex of studios, galleries and coffee bars. With its theatres, museums
and football teams Birmingham is (245) worth visiting and has something for everyone.

231. A. look B. view C. panorama D. sight

232. A. species B. type C. variety D. brand
233. A. features B. equipment C. facilities D. items
234. A. same B. like C. typical D. similar
235. A. times B. events C. occasions D. happenings
236. A. have B. take C. get D. spare
237. A. Even B. Since C. As D. Although
238. A. invalid B. unfashionable C. unapproved D. out-of-date
239. A. brought about B. come into C. put up D. set out
240. A. hit B. knocked C. pushed D. sent
241. A. place B. area C. tip D. hold
242. A. made B. created C. done D. given
243. A. sum B. end C. finish D. total
244. A. amended B. connected C. altered D. converted
245. A. exactly B. absolutely C. completely D. well

HES | FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY 19

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in each of the following sentences.
246. The basic challenge for sustainable agriculture is to maximise the use of locally- available and
renewable resources.
A. long-term B. unendurable C. benevolent D. malicious
247. Passengers often complain about cancelled and overcrowded coaches and the lack of services.
A. packed B. crammed C. deserted D. overflowing
248. We need to do more to make the neighborhood safer and more livable.
A. inhabitable B. uninhabitable C. dangerous D. prosperous
249. The country's infrastructure is in poor condition and needs to be upgraded.
A. improved B. ameliorated C. damaged D. deteriorated
250. Many new machines have been invented to help doctors to detect diseases early.
A. notice B. recognized C. ignore D. cure

HES | FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY 20

PART 4: MOCK TEST
A. PHONETIC, GRAMMAR, VOCABULARY & READING
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part
pronounces differenly from the other three’s.
1. A. book B. look C. floor D. good
2. A. hate B. mate C. cake D. manage
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other
three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
3. A. police B. spirit C. banquet D. culture
4. A. determine B. maintain C. sacrifice D. apologize
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to
the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
5. Today Islamabad is a thriving city of about 1 million people. It offers a healthy climate, a pollution-
free atmosphere, plenty of water, and many green spaces.
A. healthy B. prosperous C. modern D. green
6. Scientists hope that this new drug will be a major breakthrough in the fight against AIDS.
A. new cure B. important therapy C. sudden remedy D. dramatic development
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to
the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
7. If I take the pessimistic viewpoint, Tokyo won't be a safe place to live in.
A. negative B. optimistic C. optical D. neutral
8. To reduce carbon emissions into the atmosphere, ways to limit the use of private cars must be found.
A. public B. personal C. common D. shared
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
9. there are some more ideas, we can end the meeting now.
A. Unless B. If C. As if D. In case
10. "It's really raining." - "Yes. If the weather , we'll have to camp somewhere else.”
A. would get worse B. might get worse C. get worse D. should get worse
11. If anyone , him I back at 9 o'clock.
A. calls / tell / will be B. called / telling / would be
C. is calling / tells / am D. will call / to tell / am
12. If she asks for money, I her.
A. will give B. gave C. would give D. would have given
13. If I this exam, I'll go to the university next summer.
A. pass B. to pass C. had passed D. passed
14. As we move toward 2050, we are facing the consequences of urbanization and population
growth.
A. promoting B. improving C. moving D. accelerating
15. Studies reveal that food production will need to increase by 70 percent to the over 9 billion
people on Earth.

HES | FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY 21

 A. give B. supply C. provide D. feed
16. New York has invested substantially in improving the of its waterways in recent years.
A. quality B. quantity C. level D. feature
17. China has already been experimenting with ways to make its cities more for the last two
decades.
A. sustainable B. harmless C. continued D. natural
18. materials will be a new trend in the next century.
A. sustain B. sustainable C. survival D. available
19. Don't leave anything behind, ?
A. do you B. don't you C. will you D. shall we
20. That isn't Bill driving, ?
A. is it B. is that C. isn't that D. isn't it
21. Nobody likes the play, ?
A. do they B. don't they C. didn't they D. did they
22. The children can read English, ?
A. can't they B. can they C. they can D. they can't

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs
correction in each of the following questions.
23. If you were a fish, what kind of fish will you be?
A B C D
24. Frank would have passed the test if he studied more often.
A B C D
25. Unless Mary could be an animal, she would like to be a dolphin.
A B C D

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
PREDICTIONS ABOUT THE CITIES OF THE FUTURE
Cities are built to (26) and prosper. Over the years, we have learned to transform our surroundings
according to our needs. We have (27) through mountains to make more land and
created artificial islands to make skyscrapers. City planning, as an organized profession, has existed for
less than a century. (28) , a considerable (29) of evidence (both archaeological and historical)
proves the existence of fully planned cities in ancient times. Over the years, humans have made some
mistakes in terms of using an excessive amount of resources for cities. This gives rise to the question
of (30) sustainable the cities of the future would be.
We might be (31) at smart cities in which street lights would only switch on when you are
close (32) traffic lights would be eliminated by smart driving. The cities of the future would try
to save our resources (33) than deplete them.

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 An example of an advanced city is Kansas. Plans are in place to make Kansas a smart futuristic
city in the future. Planners are considering introducing sensors to monitor the water mains. Warning
would be issued to city officials when the (34) requires repair or replacement. In this way, the
city would never be at risk of having broken pipes.
While the idea sounds fantastic, a large amount of rational critique has called this plan an
oversold dream. Amy Glasmier is an urban planning professor at MIT. She is a smart city skeptic who
believes that all the research and talk is great but gravely (35) .
26. A. find B. act C. survive D. celebrate
27. A. experience B. cut C. decrease D. pollute
28. A. But B. Therefore C. Although D. However
29. A. number B. amount C. percent D. static
30. A. what B. how C. when D. which
31. A. looked B. look C. looking D. looks
32. A. at B. by C. of D. from
33. A. rather B. more C. would D. less
34. A. requests B. research C. infrastructure D. dependence
35. A. consider B. future C. urban D. oversold

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 40.
Today's urban cities are practically bursting at the seams. According to research from the
United Nations, 54 percent of the world's population lives in urban cities, a percentage that is expected
to increase to over 66 percent by 2050. In fact, India alone is projected to add 404 million urban
dwellers to its population by 2050.
This rapid growth of the urban population has caused daunting problems for city planners, such
as overcrowded roads, excessive energy consumption and unemployment. Therefore, to build more
sustainable cities and accommodate the growing number of residents, many city leaders are turning to
the Internet of things (IoT).
The IoT has forever changed the way urban cities operate. Cities that were once detached and
inaccessible are now intelligent and highly connected. From Amsterdam to Seoul, cities are launching
smart city projects to help improve quality of life residents and better support the environment.
According to research from IHS Technology, there will be at least 88 smart cities globally by 2025, up
from 21 in 2013.
San Francisco, for example, provides more than 100 charging stations in various locations to
promote the use of hybrid and electric cars to reduce harmful greenhouse gas emissions. Copenhagen
is also taking advantage of the lot to improve environmental protection and reduce road traffic by
developing smart bikes equipped with sensors that generate data on air contamination and traffic
congestion.
The possibilities afforded by the IoT are endless; however, designing smart cities requires
comprehensive technology infrastructure that is capable of capturing and processing large amounts of
data quickly and securely - which is where 4G LTE comes into play.

HES | FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY 23

 The future looks bright for urban cities. Soon they will be able to do things that only sci-fi
enthusiasts could dream of before, like monitoring bridge conditions using intelligent sensors and
conserving energy by automatically dimming street lights when no one is around.
36. Some cities which follow this trend of the new technology .
A. introduce smart bikes to escape air contamination and traffic congestion
B. provide charging stations in various locations for cars and bikes
C. make transportation more eco-friendly and more convenient
D. only allow the use of hybrid and electric cars to reduce pollution
37. All of the following are the advantages of the IoT EXCEPT that
A. the Internet of Things will be applied in several cities around the world
B. the number of smart cities decreases but the quality is much better
C. cities around the world become more intelligent and connected
D. we may improve quality of life and better support the environment
38. Today's urban cities .
A. are in fact extremely crowded
B. are bursting around the world
C. account for 66 percent of the world's population
D. have more 404 million dwellers by 2050
39. The potential of the IoT includes all of the following EXCEPT that .
A. intelligent sensors can help watch and check bridge conditions carefully
B. energy conservation can be done by automatically controlling street lights
C. things that only sci-fi enthusiasts could dream of before come true
D. comprehensive technology infrastructure to support the IoT is endless
40. The Internet of Things allows the city planners and leaders .
A. to develop the broadband Internet connectivity in urban cities
B. to forget daunting problems, such as overcrowded roads, and unemployment
C. to stop the rapid growth of the urban population in most cities
D. to make cities more sustainable and provide enough accommodation

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions from 41 to 50..
Super skyscrapers, underwater cities, 3D-printed homes, and holidays in space will all be a reality
in 100 years' time, according to the SmartThings Future Living Report. The report presented findings
from a survey conducted by Samsung’s SmartThings company with a group of experts on space,
architecture, and urban planners. Several futurologists and adults of different occupations also took
part in the survey.
The experts suggest that in a century's time humans will be able to live in 'Earth-scrapers', which
will go up to 25 storeys underground. They also believe that 'bubble cities’ will be created underwater
making the depths habitable for humans. They say the way we live, work and play will be totally
different to how we do these things today. The authors of the report say that 25 years ago, people could

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not imagine how the Internet and smartphones would change our lives. They have revolutionised the
way we communicate, learn and do daily things. So, it is understandable that the changes in the next
century would be even more unbelievable.
Researchers also questioned 2,000 adults about the predictions they thought were most likely to
happen in the future. Respondents predict that in the future, few people will go to an office but will
work from home and have virtual work meetings instead. People will have advanced 3D printers that
will let us download a design for furniture or a food recipe and then 'print' the sofa, table or pizza at
home. There will also be less need for visits to the doctor. We will all have a home health capsule
which will tell us what the problem is and give us treatment. We will also go into space for holidays
and to get resources that we have used up on Earth. A prediction that was missing was about the
popularity of English - whether people would still need to study English or not.

41. What is the passage mainly about?

A. The development of Smart Things
B. A survey with students
C. The future of English learning
D. Life in the next century
42. The word "Earth-scrapers" in paragraph 2 means .
A. earthen buildings B. super sky cities
C. underground buildings D. cities in the water
43. The word "habitable" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to .
A. eligible B. enjoyable C. livable D. responsible
44. All of the following are mentioned in the passage EXCEPT that .
A. people will be able to live in 'Earth-scrapers', which will go up to 25 storeys underground
B. 'bubble cities' will be created underwater making the depths habitable for humans
C. people will all use a global social networking and be able to contact anywhere
D. the way we live, work and play will be totally different to how we do these things today
45. According to the paragraph, what is TRUE about future life?
A. No one will work from home and have virtual work meetings.
B. People will be able to teleshop at home thanks to advanced 3D printers.
C. Earth citizens will all have a home health capsule which will be capable of giving treatment to any
disease.
D. English will become more popular as it will be the only means of communication.

B. WRITING
Rewrite the following sentences using the given words without changing the meaning of those
sentences.
Question 46: Please come before 8 a.m., otherwise, you can't meet her. (don’t)
→ If
Question 47: They are against nuclear power because they think of the nuclear disaster. It happened
in Japan in World War II.
→ They are against nuclear
happening .

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 Question 48: It's the fifth man who was accused of killing her dog.
→ It’s to
Question 49: Peter said to me; "Don't forget to phone me after coming to Paris.” (to)
→ Peter reminded
Question 50: "You should start the day with exercise and breakfast,” Lan’s doctor said. (advised)
→ Lan's doctor

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Predictions about the Cities of the Future
Cities are built to survive and prosper. Over the years, we have learned to transform our surroundings
according to our needs. We have cut through mountains to make more land and created artificial islands
to make skyscrapers! City planning, as an organized profession, has existed for less than a century.
However, a considerable amount of evidence (both archaeological and historical) proves the existence
of fully planned cities in ancient times. Over the years, humans have made some mistakes in terms of
using an excessive amount of resources for cities. This gives rise to the question of how sustainable the
cities of the future would be.
We might be looking at smart cities in which street lights would only switch on when you are close by
and traffic light would be eliminated by smart driving. Yes! The cities of the future would try to save
our resources rather than deplete them.
An example of an advanced city is Kansas. Plans are in place to make Kansas a smart futuristic city in
the future. Planners are considering introducing sensors to monitor the water or replacement. In this
way, the city would never be at risk of having broken pipes.
Question 31. City planning is thought ________.
A. to have become an organized profession for about a hundred years
B. to have existed professionally since ancient times
C. to have come into existence to transform nature
D. to make more land and created artificial islands to make skyscrapers
Question 32. Choose the word that has the same meaning as “sustainable”
A. liveable B. unsuitable
C. unendurable D. wasteful
Question 33. The most important task in building is ________.
A. to use an excessive amount of resources for cities
B. to raise the question about the future
C. to make cities in the future sustainable
D. to make future cities more organized
Question 34. All of the following statements may be true about smart cities EXCEPT that ________.
A. street lights automatically switch on when necessary
B. traffic light would be controlled by smart driving
C. smart driving wouldn’t need traffic light
D. cities in the future would conserve energy

Today’s urban cities are practically bursting at the seams. According to research from the United
Nations, 54 percent of the world’s population lives in urban areas, a percentage that is expected to
increase to over 66 percent by 2050. In fact, India alone is projected to add 404 million urban dwellers
to its population by 2050. This rapid growth of the urban population has caused daunting problems for
city planners, such as overcrowded roads, excessive energy consumption and unemployment. Therefore,
to build more sustainable cities and accommodate the growing number of residents, many city leaders
are turning to the Internet of Things (loT). The IoT has forever changed the way urban cities operate.
Cities that were once detached and inaccessible are now intelligent and highly connected. From
Amsterdam to Seoul, cities are launching smart city projects to help improve quality of life for residents
and better support the environment. According to research from HIS Technology, there will be at least
88 smart cities globally by 2025, up from 21 in 2013. San Francisco, for example, provides more than
100 charging stations in various locations to promote the use of hybrid and electric cars to reduce
harmful greenhouse gas emissions. Copenhagen is also taking advantage of the IoT to improve

HES | FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY 27

environmental protection and reduce road traffic by developing smart bikes equipped with sensors that
generate data on air contamination and traffic congestion. The possibilities afforded by the IoT are
endless; however, designing smart cities requires comprehensive technology infrastructure that is
capable of capturing and processing large amounts of data quickly and securely - which is where
4GLTE comes into play. The future looks bright for urban cities. Soon they will be able to do things that
only sci-fi enthusiasts could dream of before, like monitoring bridge conditions using intelligent sensors
and conserving energy by automatically dimming street lights when no one is around.
All of the following are the advantages of the IoT EXCEPT that ______ .
A. cities around the world become more intelligent and connected
B. we may improve quality of life and better support the environment
C. the Internet of Things will be applied in several cities around the world.
D. the number of smart cities decreases but the quality is much better
Some cities which follow this trend of the new technology _______ .
A. make transportation more eco-friendly and more convenient
B. only allow the use of hybrid and electric cars to reduce pollution
C. introduce smart bikes to escape air contamination and traffic congestion
D. provide charging stations in various locations for cars and bikes
The potential of the IoT includes all of the following EXCEPT that _______ .
A. things that only sci-fi enthusiasts could dream of before come true
B. comprehensive technology infrastructure to support the IoT is endless
C. intelligent sensors can help watch and check bridge conditions carefully
D. energy conservation can be done by automatically controlling street lights
Today’s urban cities__________.
A. account for 66 percent of the world’s population
B. have more 404 million dwellers by 2050
C. are in fact extremely crowded
D. are bursting around the world

Around the world, Rio de Janeiro is famous for its beautiful beaches, and Carnival celebration. But the
city is also known for its poor areas, known as favelas. For years, many favelas had high poverty and
crime rates. However, things are starting to change.
In the past, many favelas received very little government assistance. Neighbourhood residents had to
build their own streets and homes. Gangs were also common, and so were guns. However, a new
government plan is starting to change this. The city is sending thousands of police officers into favelas
with the goal of driving out the gangs. In some favelas, the plan is already working. Crime is down, and
unlike the past, children are playing in the streets again. New apartment buildings are being built, and
the city is providing more services. "In 20 years," says police officer Leonardo Nogueira, "the children
who live here now will be different people."
Police influence is changing the favelas, but something else is, too. Today, more Brazilians are moving
into these neighbourhoods because housing is expensive in other parts of Rio. "Favelas are a place for
young doctors without money to get started and young architects to start working," explains Simone
Miranda, a Rio tour guide. In the past, favela residents felt different - separate from the rest of Rio. "But
now," says Miranda, "they feel part of the society of Brazil.”
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Life is improving in the favelas, but there are still challenges. In some areas, poverty rates are still high.
As students, families, and foreigners move into the favelas, property costs skyrocket. In some areas,
housing has more than doubled in price. Despite this, favela residents are hopeful. If Rio can develop
these favelas for all residents - both poor and middle class the city could become a model for other cities
with similar problems.
What is true about the future of favelas?
A. They will set a good example about dealing with urban problems.
B. They will provide cheap residence for the poor and middle class.
C. They face both advantages and drawbacks.
D. Foreigners won't move into favelas because of high crime rates.

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