What is

WEATHER?
Weather is the condition
of the atmosphere at a
specific time and place.
 Do you think
WEATHER and
CLIMATE are the
same?
FACTORS AFFECTING
CLIMATE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

01 Identified the different factors that affect

climate; and

02 Explained the different factors that affects

climate.
What is CLIMATE?
Climate is the general
pattern of weather at a
certain place over a long
period of time.
 ○ CLIMATE
• Climate of a place varies from one place to another

Factors affecting Climate

• Latitude • Topography
• Ocean Currents • Distance from the Sea
• Altitude • Prevailing Winds
LATITUDE
• The specific NORTH to SOUTH
grid positions on the earth
ranging from 00 at the equator
to 900 at the poles.
• Latitude affects climate
through the amount of sun’s
rays a place receives.
LATITUDE
• Near the equator (low latitudes), sunlight
strikes the Earth's surface more directly,
resulting in higher solar energy input. This
leads to warmer climate.
• Towards the poles (high latitudes),
sunlight strikes the Earth's surface at an
oblique angle, resulting in lower solar energy
input. This leads to colder climate.
OCEAN CURRENTS
Ocean currents are the
continuous and directional
movement of ocean created
by the wind friction, water
density, earth’s rotation,
solar energy, and gravity in
different parts of the ocean.
OCEAN CURRENTS
The ocean current systems flow
clockwise in the northern
hemisphere and
counterclockwise in the
southern hemisphere in circular
patterns. These clockwise and
counterclockwise of ocean current are
caused by CORIOLIS EFFECT.
 Coriolis Effect
It is the apparent deflection of moving objects, such
as ocean currents, caused by the rotation of the
earth. It makes objects in the Northern Hemisphere
appear to be deflect to the right, and objects in the
Southern Hemisphere appear to deflect to the left,
when observe from a rotating reference frame.
OCEAN CURRENTS

Warm currents that move from

the equator towards the poles
carry warm water.
Cold currents that travel from
the poles towards the equator
carry cold water.
 DISTANCE FROM THE SEA
The climate of the place is influence by the
surrounding bodies of water. Water has a high
specific heat capacity, meaning it can absorb and
store large amounts of heat energy. As a result,
coastal regions experience milder and more stable
temperatures compared to inland areas.
 DISTANCE FROM THE SEA

SEA BREEZE
• During the day, water absorbs heat from the sunlight,
moderating the temperature from the coastal areas.
LAND BREEZE
• At night, water releases stored heat, preventing
temperature from dropping dramatically.
 DISTANCE FROM THE SEA

This moderating effect is why coastal areas often

have cooler summer and warmer winters that
inlands at the same latitude.
PREVAILING WINDS
Global winds that always blow in
the same direction. It is influenced
by the latitude and the rotation of
the Earth or the so-called CORIOLIS
EFFECT.
Wind currents help distribute the
sun’s heat from one part of the
world to another.
PREVAILING WINDS
Intertropical Convergence
Zone(ITCZ) or Doldrums is
the region that circles the earth,
near the equator. It is the zone
where the trade winds from the
northern and southern
hemispheres converge.
PREVAILING WINDS
Trade Winds are wind that flows
towards the equator from NE in
Northern Hemisphere or SE in the
Southern Hemisphere.

Westerlies are created when the

winds blow toward the pole and
deflected to the east.

Easterlies are created when the

winds blow toward the equator and
deflected to the west.
 Climate of the Philippines
Due to its geographical location, the
Philippines has tropical rainforest climate. It
is characterized by relatively high
temperature, humidity, and heavy rainfall.

Coolest Month – January

Warmest Month - May
TEMPERATURE
Based on the average of all weather stations in the Philippines,
except Baguio has a mean annual temperature of 26.6°C.
Coolest Month – January 25.5°C
Warmest Month – May 28.3°C

HUMIDITY
It refers to the moisture content of air. The Philippines has a
high humidity because a high temperature can absorb great
amount of moisture from the bodies of water. Average
monthly relative humidity varies between 71% in
March and 85% in September.
RAINFALL
Is the most important element of the Philippine
climate. Rainfall distribution varies from one
region to another since it is influenced by the
moisture content of the winds and the location of
the mountain ranges. The average annual
precipitation varies from 965 to 4065 mm.
 Climate in the
Philippines

TYPE I
Has two pronounced seasons –
dry from November to April
and wet throughout the rest
of the year. The western parts
of Luzon, Mindoro, Negros, and
Palawan experienced this
climate.
TYPE II
Characterized by the absence of a dry season but
with a very pronounced rainfall from December
to February. It is along or near the eastern coast
that includes Catanduanes, Sorsogon, eastern part
of Albay and large portion of eastern Mindanao.
TYPE III
No very pronounced maximum season rain period, with a dry
season lasting only from one to three months, either during the
period from December to February or March to May.

TYPE IV
Characterized by a more or less even distribution of rainfall
throughout the year. Areas with this climate include Batanes,
Northeastern Luzon, Southwest Camarines Norte, West of
Camarines Sur, and Albay.
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