LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE IN WELDING EQUIPMENT INSIDE THE LABORATORY

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Welding, as indicated by the American Welding Society (AWS), is a very sophisticated

and technical science, requiring not only mental application, but also tactile manipulation

(AWS, 2005, 2006). Moore (2010) stated that there is process controlled and operator-

controlled variables that determine the quality of an acceptable weld. Process controlled

variables are base metal, welding process, and joint design. Operator controlled variables

include travel speed, work angle, arc length, and travel angle.

Hoffman, Dahle, and Fisher (2012) explained operator-controlled variables in greater

detail as related to weld quality. Travel speed is welder-controlled and has a high degree of

influence on weld bead shape, penetration, and fusion. Work angle is a variable angle of the

electrode in an adjacent position to the work piece which controls the flow of the weld. Arc

length is the distance from the end of the welding electrode to the weld puddle. The angle in

relation to the direction of travel is referred as travel angle. Cumulatively operator-controlled

variables are referred to as welding technique.

Operator-controlled variables are dependent on controlled coordinated movement

sequences making efficient use of motor skill practice essential for welding instructors with

just under half of the welding workforce nearing retirement, the need for skilled workers is

only getting stronger (Zalkind, 2007). The future need for competent welders should prompt

educational programs to adequately train individuals for industrial assignments as punctually

as possible for various levels of skill requirement. The challenge arises in high schools,

universities, and technical institutions to adequately recruit and prepare younger talent

(Zalkind, 2007). Examining different welding approaches may be beneficial in helping

shorten the preparation time of entry welders (Sgro, Field, & Freeman, 2008). The “Guide for
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE IN WELDING EQUIPMENT INSIDE THE LABORATORY
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the Training of Welding Personnel: Level I—Entry Welder” published by the AWS (2005)

has a recommended welding sequence for an entry welder training program.

As stated by Meyers et al (2012) he found experienced agriculture teachers perceived pre-

service teacher training should focus on “managing the laboratory setting, for effective

student learning” to help new and beginning teachers successfully teach a 4-welding course.

Hoffman et al (2012) mention that Anecdotal evidence has shown that SMAW as the most

difficult weld process to master by secondary students. GMAW requires fewer operator-

controlled variables than SMAW having fewer operator-controlled variables during welding

practice sessions should improve secondary students’ ability to meet weld quality standards

for an ASW 1F test.

This could be accomplished by sequencing laboratory experiences so that students

practice welding with GMAW first followed by SMAW. This may translate to improved

student performance of SMAW. Obtaining expertise, the highest level of proficiency in a

motor skill, generally requires years of practice (Ericsson & Lehmann, 1996). Practice is

generally considered to be the single most important factor responsible for the permanent

improvement in the ability to perform a motor skill (Williams & Hodges, 2005).

Simon and Chase (1973) suggested that an excess of 10,000 hours of practice was

required to become proficient in a motor skill. Learning to acquire a motor skill requires

relevant instructions in controlled coordinated movement sequences (Wulf, HÖß, & Prinz,

1998). Typically, instruction is focused on correct movement patterns through teacher lead

demonstrations and supervised laboratory practicums (Wulf et al., 1998). Factors such as

available classroom time and laboratory equipment can limit the amount of time available for

practice.
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE IN WELDING EQUIPMENT INSIDE THE LABORATORY
3

This has placed added emphasis on teachers to maximize the time used for practicing

motor skills (Guadagnoli & Lee, 2004). Ericsson, Krampe, and Tesch-Römer (1993) stated

motor skill practice should be approached in such a fashion so that learners are presented a

structure with clearly defined limits and properties of the perceptual-motor workspace.

Congruent with the ecological approach, Ericsson et al. (1993) suggested that the instructor

organize the sequence of appropriate training tasks and monitor improvement to decide when

transitions to more complex and challenging tasks are appropriate. This could prove to be a

valuable tool when transitioning students from GMAW to SMAW laboratory practicums.

In Binalbagan National High School for Academic Year (2023-2024). This study tends to

determine the level of proficiency in welding conducted a welding survey questionnaire to

know welding proficiency of Grade Eleven Shielded Metal Arc Welding students.

Statement of the Problem:

This research aims to evaluate the level of knowledge of Grade Eleven students in Shielded

Metal Arc Welding equipment inside the laboratory of Binalbagan National High School for

Academic Year 2023-2024

This study tends to answer the following research problem.

1. What is the level of knowledge of students in welding equipment inside the laboratory

when group together to the following variables:

a. Age

b. When taken as a whole

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4

Theoretical Framework

The theory anchored to this study is based on John Dewey's experiential learning theory

(1938) is incorporated, emphasizing the significance of hands-on experiences in educational

settings. According to this theory, the collaborative nature of education plays a vital role in

shaping individuals' cognitive development. Building upon this foundation,

Furthermore, it is supported by Bandura's social cognitive theory (1986) states that hands-

on learning contributes by highlighting the impact of observational learning and role

modeling on knowledge acquisition. A learner can gain knowledge of the things they

undergone different activities inside the laboratory

This integrated framework aims to elucidate the multifaceted influences on the level of

students' knowledge in welding equipment within the laboratory. Students acquired

intelligent through their experiences that they might apply to the daily life and for future

purposes on the field of their career.

Experiential learning theory states that the acquisition of knowledge is based on the

experience of an individual. There is an influence of the surrounding and the experiences a

student undergone. The nature has also a great impact to the learning process of a learner

where they get the information and facts.

In this theory it found out that through experiences with the influence of other and

surroundings there will be a gain of knowledge. The real model and things that surround an

individual add to the intelligent that being imparted to them.

It is also visible that a training environment such as school plays a vital role regarding

this different learning process for it is the environment where a student learns a lot. It also

includes training center as well as laboratory where the activities was conducted.
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE IN WELDING EQUIPMENT INSIDE THE LABORATORY
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Schematic Diagram

The diagram below shows the level of knowledge of students in welding equipment inside the

laboratory of grade eleven Shielded Metal Arc Welding students of Binalbagan National

High School for Academic Year 2023-2024

GRADE ELEVEN SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING STUDENTS OF

BINALBAGAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL FOR ACADEMIC YEAR 2023-2024

LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE IN WELDING EQUIPMENT INSIDE THE

LABORATORY

When group together according to the following variables:

a. Age
b. When taken as a whole

Figure 1. Schematic Diagram regarding level of knowledge of students in welding equipment

inside the laboratory

Scope and Limitation

This descriptive type of research aims to determine the level of knowledge of students in

welding equipment inside the laboratory of grade eleven Shielded Metal Arc Welding

students for academic year 2023-2024. The SMAW students enrolled at Binalbagan National

High School during the academic year 2023-2024 were the respondents.

Significant of the study

LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE IN WELDING EQUIPMENT INSIDE THE LABORATORY
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School Head. The study would be able to give inputs as to how these learners are grasping

the needed skills for them to be competent in welding. Relevant empirical data would also

provide a looking glass on how well the course is being taught to the Senior High School

learners.

Teacher. The information that they would get from the study would give them proper

attention to their students about SMAW, so that teachers could also help in increasing the

academic performance of their students not just by teaching them lessons on the subject they

handled

Parent. The parents may hive support and be aware of the possible benefits and effect of

being a welder student, parents might give their child extra allowance for expenses.

Student. A better understanding on possessing good welding skills can make them be more

cognizant about welding skills to improve student's ability to produce higher quality welds.

They could wise the results of the study to enrich their researches on welding.

Future researcher. This study may be use as reference on the welding skills of students.

Definition of terms

For better understanding of the significant terms used in this study, the following terms are

conceptually and operationally defined.

Knowledge. The term is conceptually defined as practical knowledge of subjects like

physics, chemistry, and mythology (INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, 2021)

Operationally, the term knowledge in this study is defined as the ability to weld.
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE IN WELDING EQUIPMENT INSIDE THE LABORATORY
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Laboratory. The term laboratory is conceptually defined as a location for welding, such as a
school lab, that provides students with a protected space to safely practice welding
techniques. (Charter, 2023)

Operationally, the term laboratory in this study is defined as a place where students know
how to weld and are aware of hazards.

Student. The term student is conceptually defined as an individual who is often called a stick
welder. Shielded Metal Arc Welding is a common process used among home shop welders
(Aresco, 2021).

Operationally, the term student was defined in this study is defined as an individual who
is enrolled in Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW).

Welding Equipment. Welding equipment is conceptually defined as equipment used for

welding processes, such as welding machines, gloves, and other related tools (Manuel, 2021)

Operationally, the term 'welding equipment' in this study is defined as the equipment used
in welding.

Welding. The term is conceptually defined as welding serves as the foundation for many

Metal Fabrication process (Reed, 2019).

Operationally, the term welding' in this study is defined as the process of joining two met.
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Chapter 2

Methodology

Research Design

This study utilized the descriptive type of quantitative research for the purpose of

gathering, analyzing, classifying, and tabulating data about prevailing condition, practices

belief, processes trend and cause and effect relationship and then making adequate and

accurate interpretation about such data. A descriptive research type of quantitative research

for it demanded to with the variable were related to each other using various statistical

instrument.

The researcher, objective was to gather information and data towards the level of

knowledge of students in Welding Equipment inside the Laboratory of Grade Eleven

Shielded Metal Arc Welding Students. The research corresponds on estimating the effects of

the independent variable that significantly the cause selection behavior of students. This

research will descriptive research that aims to collect information regarding to the Level of

Knowledge of Student in Welding Equipment inside the laboratory of Grade Eleven Shielded

Metal Arc Welding.

Research Locale

This study was conducted in Binalbagan National High School Senior High School a

public educational institution. Located Sixty-Seven kilometers away from Bacolod City at

village 1 Barangay Paglaum, Binalbagan, Negros Occidental. The total population of all

Senior High School Students are 520 Grade eleven (11) students and 504 Grade twelve (12)

students Curriculum offered of the school and tracks in Senior High School are namely:

Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS), Electrical Installation and Maintenance (EIM),
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE IN WELDING EQUIPMENT INSIDE THE LABORATORY
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Science and Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM), Accountancy and Business

Management (ABM), Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), Computer Software Servicing

(CSS) and offer Special Science Program (SSP).

Respondents

The participants of the study include the Grade eleven (11) Shielded Metal Arc Welding

students of Binalbagan National High School Senior High Academic Year 2023-2024. The

entire population was employed. The subjects will be drawn in a such way of that

proportionate representation was taken from the population. The Grade Eleven (11) Shielded

Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) Students has 33 students all were males.

Table 1. Respondents of the study regarding level of knowledge of students in welding

equipement
Grade Level Population Sample Size Percentage

Grade 11 SMAW 33 33 100%

Total 33 33 100%

The table shows that the population of the study consists of 33 students in Grade eleven

(11) SMAW. The sample size for the study is also 33, representing 100% of the total

population.

Data Gathering Procedure

A standardized research questionnaire was used in this study. A quantitative survey

instrument was used to collect data from individuals. Shielded Metal Arc Welding survey

questionnaire was used to describe the level Shielded Metal Arc Welding proficiency of

Grade Eleven Shielded Metal Arc Welding students.

LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE IN WELDING EQUIPMENT INSIDE THE LABORATORY
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To ensure the trust worthiness of the study, the following were observed before, the

researchers conducted the survey, the enumerators explained clearly to the respondents the

main purpose of the study and made that there is sure researchers’ confidentiality of the

information. Before the respondents left, the researcher’s check whether the questionnaires

were completely answered to contain the needed data.

With the guidance of Inquiries, Investigation, Immersion teacher and help of subject

teachers, the researchers prepared a questionnaire to extend the knowledge about the topic

and to find what exactly the level of knowledge of Grade Eleven Shielded Metal Arc

Welding students. It was presented to the validators for modifications, suggestions, and

further improvement. The questionnaires were retrieved and responses were subjected to

statistical analysis.

Statistical Treatment

The data was subjected to appropriate Descriptive and Inferential Statistics. The

following Descriptive statistics are use.

Mean - The mean can be calculated only for numeric variables, no matter if they are discrete

or continuous. It’s obtained by simply dividing the sum of all values in a data set by the

number of values. The calculation can be done from raw data aggregated in a frequency table.

Standard Deviation. measure of the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of values. A

low standard deviation indicates that the values tend to be close to the mean of the set, while

a high standard deviation indicates that the values are spread out over a wider range.

Data Gathering Instrument

This study aims to assess the level of knowledge in welding equipment inside the

laboratory at Binalbagan National High School. To gather data, a standardized questionnaire

LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE IN WELDING EQUIPMENT INSIDE THE LABORATORY
11

will be utilized as the research instrument. The questionnaire consists of carefully designed

questions that cover various aspects of welding equipment knowledge. The questionnaire will

be administered to a sample of students who have undergone welding training in the

laboratory. The responses obtained will provide valuable insights into the students'

understanding of welding equipment. The findings from this study will contribute to the

existing body of knowledge in welding education and help identify areas for improvement in

the laboratory setup.

-
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Chapter 3

Results and Discussion

This chapter present the data analysis, interpretation and discussions about the study. The

data are presented and arrange in tabular form from according to the sequence of the specific

problems of the study.

Scale

Range Interpretation

0.00 - 1.00 Very Low level of Knowledge

1.01 – 2.00 Low level of Knowledge
2.01 – 3.00 Average level of Knowledge
3.01 – 4.00 High level of Knowledge
4.01 – 5.00 Very High level of Knowledge

Table 2. Level of Knowledge in Welding Equipment inside the Laboratory According to age

Variable Category Mean Sd Interpretation

Age 16-17 2.93 1.71 Average level of Knowledge

18-19 2.91 1.70 Average level of Knowledge

Total 2.92 1.70 Average level of knowledge

The table presents the results of the study on the level of knowledge in Welding

Equipment inside the Laboratory based on different age. The mean score for the age category

16-17 is 2.93 with standard deviation of 1.71 indicating an average level of knowledge. On

the other hand, the mean score for the age category 18-19 is 2.91 with standard deviation of

1.70, also indicate an average level of knowledge. These findings suggest that students in

both age categories have a similar level of knowledge when it comes to welding equipment

inside the laboratory. Based on the result of the study the younger the learner is the more
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE IN WELDING EQUIPMENT INSIDE THE LABORATORY
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knowledgeable they are. Opposite to the result of other study of (Smith,2020) states that if the

learner is older the more stock knowledge they gain. The knowledge varies from one person

to another.

Table 3. Level of Knowledge in Welding Equipment inside the Laboratory when taken as a
whole

Variable Category Mean SD Interpretation

Taken as a whole Grade 11 SMAW 2.92 1.70 Average level of Knowledge

The table presents the results of the study on the level of knowledge in Welding

Equipment inside the Laboratory of Grade eleven (11) Shielded Metal Arc Welding Students

when taken as a whole. The mean score 2.92 with the standard deviation of 1.70, indicating

an average level of knowledge. These findings suggest that students of Binalbagan national

High School grade eleven has an average level of knowledge when it comes to welding

equipment inside the laboratory. The result shows that the students have an average

knowledge regarding the basic equipment inside the laboratories. The knowledge of the

students is based on the training, lesson and workshop imparted to them. A learner

knowledge is depending upon the acquisition they get on school (Palma, 2021). The student’s

behavior while studying affects the intelligent they gain anywhere.

Chapter 4
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Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations

Summary of Findings

This chapter provides a comprehensive summary of the findings, conclusions, and

recommendations derived from the study on the level of knowledge in welding equipment

inside the laboratory among Grade Eleven Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) students at

Binalbagan National High School, Senior High School, during the academic year 2023-2024.

The findings of the study show that the Grade eleven students of Binalbagan national

High School possess an average level of knowledge. The mean score for the age category 16-

17 was 2.93 with the standard deviation of 1.71, indicating an average level of knowledge.

Similarly, the mean score for the age category 18-19 with the mean of 2.91 and standard

deviation of 1.70, suggesting an average level of knowledge. This finding suggests that

students in both age categories have a similar level of knowledge in welding equipment

inside the laboratory.

The findings of the study show that younger students are more knowledgeable than older

one. The student’s knowledge was affected by the behavior they possess while the teacher

imparts information to them. The teacher and the school play a vital role in imparting

knowledge to students but it is an obligation of the students to sharpen their brain and give

important the learning they gain from school (Maranatha, 2021).

Conclusions

Based on these findings, several conclusions can be drawn. Grade Eleven SMAW

students at Binalbagan National High School, Senior High School, possess an average level

of knowledge in welding equipment inside the laboratory. Additionally, there is no significant

LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE IN WELDING EQUIPMENT INSIDE THE LABORATORY
15

difference in the level of knowledge between students in the age categories of 16-17 and 18-

19 when it comes to welding equipment inside the laboratory.

Therefore, this study concluded that students knowledge was based on how they value

and give important to the education that was given to them.

RECOMMENDATIONS

To further enhance the level of knowledge in welding equipment inside the laboratory,

several recommendations can be made.

Teachers. It is advised to employ teaching methodologies that incorporate hands-on practical

sessions to develop students' knowledge and skills in welding equipment. Providing

additional resources, such as updated equipment and instructional materials, can also

facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of welding techniques.

Parents. Can play a supportive role by encouraging students to actively participate in

welding-related activities outside the classroom, such as workshops and seminars, to broaden

their knowledge and skills. They can also assist students in accessing supplementary learning

resources, such as online tutorials and industry publications, to further enhance their

understanding of welding equipment.

School heads. Should allocate sufficient resources and funding to ensure the availability of

well-equipped welding laboratories that meet the needs of Grade Eleven SMAW students.

Establishing partnerships with local industries and welding professionals can provide students

with real-world exposure and practical experiences in welding.

Students. Themselves should take initiative in practicing and honing their welding skills by

actively engaging in laboratory sessions and seeking guidance from teachers and industry
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE IN WELDING EQUIPMENT INSIDE THE LABORATORY
16

professionals. Staying updated with the latest advancements in welding technology through

self-study and exploration of online resources is also recommended.

Future researchers. It is suggested to conduct further studies to explore additional factors

that may influence the level of knowledge and skills in welding equipment among students.

Investigating the effectiveness of different teaching strategies and interventions in improving

students' knowledge and skills in welding would also be valuable.

LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE IN WELDING EQUIPMENT INSIDE THE LABORATORY
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Chapter 5

References

American Welding Society (AWS). https://www.aws.org/

Moore, A. J. (2010). Inspection Trends / Summer 2010: Qualification, uses M-numbers and

NAVSEA S9074-AR-GIB-010/248 uses

https://sg.docworkspace.com/d/sIPSZ5d3lAYe3lq8G

Hoffman, D., Dahle, K., & Fisher, D. (2012). Assessing the Impact of Sequencing Practicums

for Welding in Secondary Agricultural Education.

https://sg.docworkspace.com/d/sIByZ5d3lAce3lq8G

Zalkind, A. (2007). Welding Shortage Fact Sheet.

https://sg.docworkspace.com/d/sIGyZ5d3lAZW4lq8G

Sgro, S. D., Field, D. W., & Freeman, S. A. (2008). The Impact of Teaching Oxy-Fuel
Welding on Gas Metal Arc Welding Skills.
https://sg.docworkspace.com/d/sIO2Z5d3lAbi4lq8G
Meyers et al. (2012).

Ericsson, K. A., & Lehmann, A. C. (1996). Expert and exceptional performance: Evidence of

maximal adaptation to task constraints.

Williams, A. M., & Hodges, N. J. (2005). Skill acquisition in sport: Research, theory and
practice.
Wulf, G., HÖß, M., & Prinz, W. (1998). Instructions for motor learning: Differential effects
of internal versus external focus of attention.
Guadagnoli, M. A., & Lee, T. D. (2004). Challenge point: A framework for conceptualizing
the effects of various practice conditions in motor learning.

Ericsson, K. A., Krampe, R. T., & Tesch-Römer, C. (1993). The role of deliberate practice in
the acquisition of expert performance.
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE IN WELDING EQUIPMENT INSIDE THE LABORATORY
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APPENDICES

Appendix A. Letter to the Principal

MARCH 5, 2024

ANTONIO T. ELARCOSA

Principal II

Binalbagan National High School

Binalbagan, Negros Occidental

Dear Sir,

Greeting of peace!

We are presently conducting our study entitled “Level of Knowledge in Welding Equipment Inside
the Laboratory”, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject Inquiries, Investigation and
Immersion

In connection to this, we would like to ask permission from your good office to allow us to conduct
study to the random selected Grade Eleven Shielded Metal Arc Welding Students of Binalbagan
national High School Academic Year 2023-2024.

We are hoping for your positive response towards this matter. Thank you and God bless!

Very truly yours,

Balgoma, Francis Torrefranca, John Paul

Damayon, Jad Palacios, Gian Paul

Francisco. John Mark Mayuga, Benedict

Gimado, Zandro

Researchers

Noted:

MADONNA P. VALDEVIA MAEd.

Practical Research 2 Teacher

ANTONIO T. ELARCOSA
Principal II
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Appendix B. Letter to Subject Teacher concern

March 5, 2024
To Whom It May Concern
Subject Teacher
Binalbagan National High School
Binalbagan, Negros Occidental

Greeting of Peace!
We are presently conducting our study entitled “Level of knowledge in Welding
Equipment Inside the Laboratory”, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject
Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion.
In connection to this, we would like to ask permission from your good office to allow us to
conduct study to the random selected Grade Eleven Shielded Metal Arc Welding Students of
Binalbagan national High School Academic Year 2023-2024.
We are hoping for your positive response towards this matter. Thank you and God bless!
Very truly yours,

Balgoma, Francis Torrefranca, John Paul

Damayon, Jad Palacios, Gian Paul
Francisco. John Mark Mayuga, Benedict
Gimado, Zandro
Researchers

Noted:
MADONNA P. VALDEVIA MAEd.
Practical Research 2 Teacher

Approved by:
ANTONIO T. ELARCOSA
Principal II
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Appendix C. Survey Questionnaire

Dear Respondents,
This questionnaire is part of our study about Level of knowledge in Welding Equipment
inside Laboratory Students. Your participation in this study is voluntary, and your answer
will be part of a statistical study and will not identify you as an individual. Please answer
with all honestly.
Researchers
Part I
Survey Questionnaire
Name: Age: Sex: ( ) Male
Year and Section: __________ ( ) Female
Part II
Directions: Please answer the following question correctly. Write your answer on a separate
answer sheet.
1. What is SMAW mean?
A. Shield Metal Arc Welding C. Shielded Metal Arc Weld
B. Shielded Metal Arc Welding D. Shielded Metal Arc Welded
2. Which of the following machine used to join metal?
A. Binding Machine C. Washing Machine
B. Sewing Machine D. Welding Machine
3. The following is the part of welding used on and off the machine?
A. handle C. switch
B. regulator D. button
4. Which of the following part of the machine used to hold/carry the machine?
A. switch C. cover
B. base D. handle
5. The following is the part of the machine used to hold the electrode?
A. handle C. electrode holder
B. clamp D. ampere
6. The following is the part of the machine used to correct the current?
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE IN WELDING EQUIPMENT INSIDE THE LABORATORY
21

A. current setting gauge C. current regulating knob

B. handle D. overload led
7. The following is the part of the machine used to put as a ground?
A. earth clamp C. cover
B. base D. electrode holder
8. The following is the part of the machine used to protect the internal of the machine
from damage?
A. wheel C. cover
B. handle D. wire
9. Which of the following part of the machine used to cool the internal part of the
machine?
A. cooling fan C. air con
B. electric fan D. Ice Water
10. Which of the following materials is “FIRE RETARDANT”?
A. plywood C. lawanit
B. good lumber D. asbestos blanket
11. When setting welding machine for straight polarity, welding cable with electrode
holder is connected to?
A. circuit breaker C. positive terminal
B. negative terminal
12. Which of the following electrode used for penetration?
A. E-7018 C. E-6011
B. E-6013 D. E-7024
13. Which of the following electrode used for filling?
A. E-7018 C. E-6011
B. E-6013 D. E-70-24
14. Which of the following electrode used for capping?
A. E-7018 C. E-6011
B. E-6013 D. E-70-24
15. The main purpose of the flux coating on electrode is to?
A. provide shielding gas during welding C. protect the electrode from dust
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE IN WELDING EQUIPMENT INSIDE THE LABORATORY
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B. reduce distortion
16. Which of the following power source DOES NOT provide direct current?
A. engine driven machine C. transformer type
B. motor generator
17. Why should we avoid fumes and gases in welding?
A. inhaling gases/fumes can increase energy C. inhaling gases/fumes can be
hazardous to your health
B. inhaling gases/fumes can makes me happy
18. TEMPILSTICK is used to measure….?
A. distance C. distance
B. temperature D. none of these
19. What is the equivalent of 1/8 in mm?
A. 40 mm C. 3.2 mm
B. 3.5 mm D. 50 mm
20. When setting, VP welding machine for straight polarity, the welding cable with
electrode holder connected to?
A. circuit breaker C. positive terminal
B. negative terminal of the welding machine D. main switch
21. Which of the following is not electric conductor?
A. cast iron pipe C. galvanize iron
B. copper tube D. PVC pipes
22. In welding machine, alternating current is converted direct current through?
A. electrode negative C. capacitor
B. rectifier D. electrode positive
23. The terms straight polarity, (DCSP) is also as?
A. Electrode negative C. Electrode neutral
B. Electrode positive D. Pulsating current
24. In the material specification, indicating a 2”x3/8x20” MS stands for?
A. Molten steel C. Mild steel
B. Manganese steel D. Medium steel
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25. The welding procedure specification consists of the ff.

A. Essential variables C. Supplementary essential variable when required
B. Non-Essential variables D. all of these
26. Which of the ff. can cause poor penetration and incomplete fusion?
A. temperature is too hot C. Improper electrode type and size
B. gap between plate is too small D. temperature is too cold
27. When rectangular piece of metal is heated in the corner…
A. The longer sides become a little longer C. All sides become a little longer
B. The longer sides become a little shorter D. All sides become a little shorter
28. When a piece of GI pipe wire is heated at one end, the other ends become hot mainly
because of?
A. mechanical properties C. thermal conductivity
B. chemical properties D. thermal construction
29. How to prevent electric shock?
A. floor must be dry C. never operate machine above rated capacity
B. use wooden platform or rubberized carpet D. all of these
30. What is TESDA mean?
A. Technic Education and Skills Development Authority
B. Technical Education and Skills Development Authorities
C. Technical Education and Skills Development Authority
D. Technical Education and Skills Developing Authority
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE IN WELDING EQUIPMENT INSIDE THE LABORATORY
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Curriculum Vitae

NAME: Francis J. Balgoma

CONTACT NO: 09952477688

EMAIL ADDRESS: judillamarv@gmail.com

ADDRESS: Brgy. Paglaum, Binalbagan, Negros Occidental

DATE OF BIRTH: March 4, 2002

AGE: 21

SEX: Male

RELIGION: Catholic

CITIZENSHIP: Filipino

FATHER: Voltarino D. Balgoma

MOTHER: Emilita Judilla

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

(SENIOR HIGH): Binalbagan National High School

(SECONDARY): Binalbagan National High School

(ELEMENTARY): Paglaum Elementary School

Acknowledgement

I would like to extend my deepest appreciation to our practical research teacher, Ms.
Madonna P. Valdevia. Thank you for believing in our research. I truly appreciate your
valuable guidance, support, and words of encouragement. I would also like to express my
heartfelt gratitude to my beloved parents for their understanding and support throughout this
research journey.

Furthermore, I would like to thank the esteemed panelists for their articulate and timely
suggestions, which have greatly contributed to improving our research study.

Lastly, I would like to express my gratitude to the Almighty God for providing us with
wisdom, courage, intelligence, and protection, making our research possible.

Overall, I am immensely grateful for the contributions and support of all those mentioned
above, as they have played a significant role in the success of our research.
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE IN WELDING EQUIPMENT INSIDE THE LABORATORY
25

NAME: Jad N. Damayon

CONTACT NO: 09812030043

EMAIL ADDRESS: jadnieresdamayon@gmail.com

ADDRESS: Brgy. Canmoros, Binalbagan, Negros Occidental

DATE OF BIRTH: October 10, 2005

AGE: 18

SEX: Male

RELIGION: Catholic

CITIZENSHIP: Filipino

FATHER: Felix C. Damayon

MOTHER: Lennie N. Damayon

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

(SENIOR HIGH): Binalbagan National High School

(SECONDARY): Binalbagan National High School

(ELEMENTARY): Canmoros Elementary School

Acknowledgement

I am grateful and would like to express my thanks, first and foremost, to the Lord God for
giving me strength throughout this research journey. I am also thankful to all those with
whom I have had the pleasure of working. Each member and participant in this research study
holds a special place in my heart, and I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to them. In
particular, I would like to express my deepest appreciation to Ms. Madonna P. Valdevia, our
teacher in the practical research subject. She has been a mentor and has imparted invaluable
knowledge, leading by example.

Furthermore, I would like to thank my parents, whose love and guidance have been a
constant source of support in all my pursuits. They are the ultimate role models in my life.

Lastly, I want to express my heartfelt gratitude to my loving and supportive loved ones,
who provide me with unending inspiration.

Overall, I am truly thankful to all those mentioned above for their contributions,
guidance, and unwavering support throughout this research endeavor.
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE IN WELDING EQUIPMENT INSIDE THE LABORATORY
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NAME: Joren Mark C. Francisco

CONTACT NO: 09939130185

EMAIL ADDRESS: jorenmarkfrancisco6@gmail.com

ADDRESS: Brgy. Enclaro, Binalbagan Negros Occidental

DATE OF BIRTH: January 19, 2004

AGE: 20

SEX: Male

RELIGION: Born Again

CITIZENSHIP: Filipino

FATHER: Desederio Francisco

MOTHER: Maricil Francisco

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

(SENIOR HIGH): Binalbagan National High School

(SECONDARY): Binalbagan National High School

(ELEMENTARY): San Jose Elementary School

Acknowledgement

First and foremost, we offer our praises and thanks to God, the Almighty, for showering
us with blessings throughout our research journey and for the successful completion of our
study. The researchers would like to express our deep and sincere gratitude to our research
adviser for providing us with invaluable supervision, support, and guidance during the course
of our research study.

Additionally, we would like to extend our heartfelt appreciation to Ms. Madonna P.

Valdevia for her empathy, patience, and knowledge that she has imparted to us. It has been a
great privilege and honor to work and study under her guidance.

Overall, we are immensely grateful to God, our research adviser, and Ms. Madonna P.
Valdevia for their contributions, support, and mentorship, which have played a pivotal role in
the success of our research.
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE IN WELDING EQUIPMENT INSIDE THE LABORATORY
27

NAME: Zandro D. Gimado

CONTACT NO: 09551721330

EMAIL ADDRESS: zegimado@gmail.com

ADDRESS: Brgy. Enclaro, Binalbagan Negros Occidental

DATE OF BIRTH: February, 21 1993

AGE: 31

SEX: Male

RELIGION: Catholic

CITIZENSHIP: Filipino

FATHER: Hemson V. Gimado

MOTHER: Nida D. Gimado

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

(SENIOR HIGH): Binalbagan National High School

(SECONDARY): Agorio Maranion Abeto National High School

(ELEMENTARY): Tugbongan Elementary School

Acknowledgement

I would like to extend my most sincere appreciation to our practical research teacher, Ms.
Madonna P. Valdevia. Thank you for believing in our research. I truly appreciate your
valuable guidance, support, and words of encouragement.

I would also like to express my gratitude to my dearest parents for their unwavering
support and guidance throughout this research journey.

Furthermore, I would like to thank our panelists for their articulate and timely
suggestions, which have greatly contributed to improving our research.

Lastly, I would like to extend my thanks to the Almighty God for providing us with
wisdom and protection, making this research possible.

Overall, I am immensely grateful for the contributions and support of all those mentioned
above. Their belief, guidance, and suggestions have played a significant role in the success of
our research.
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE IN WELDING EQUIPMENT INSIDE THE LABORATORY
28

NAME: Benedict F. Mayuga

CONTACT NO: 09985024019

EMAIL ADDRESS: benedictmayuga@gmail.com

ADDRESS: Brgy. Canmoros, Binalbagan, Negros Occidental

DATE OF BIRTH: December 26, 2005

AGE: 18

SEX: Male

RELIGION: Catholic

CITIZENSHIP: Filipino

FATHER: unknown

MOTHER: Amites M. Mayuga

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

(SENIOR HIGH): Binalbagan National High School

(SECONDARY): Binalbagan National High School

(ELEMENTARY): Canmoros Elementary School

Acknowledgement

I would like to express my gratitude, first and foremost, to the Lord God for granting me
strength every day and for protecting my family. I would also like to extend my heartfelt
thanks to our practical research instructor, Ms. Madonna P. Valdevia. Your guidance and
support have been invaluable throughout this journey.

I would also like to thank my groupmates for their kindness and responsibility. Your
collaboration has made this research experience even more fulfilling.

Deepest gratitude goes to my loving parents, who have always been there to support and
guide me in every path I have taken. Your unwavering presence has been a source of
strength.

Lastly, I want to express my appreciation to my loved ones and friends who have
constantly motivated me and provided support during challenging times. Your presence has
been a true blessing.

In conclusion, I am grateful to all mentioned above. May God continue to bless us all.
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE IN WELDING EQUIPMENT INSIDE THE LABORATORY
29

NAME: Gian Paul R. Palacios

CONTACT NO: 09850312811

EMAIL ADDRESS: palaciosgianpaul12@gmail.com

ADDRESS: Brgy. San Vicente, Binalbagan Negros Occidental

DATE OF BIRTH: May 12, 2006

AGE: 17

SEX: Male

RELIGION: Catholic

CITIZENSHIP: Filipino

FATHER: Girald D. Palacios

MOTHER: Jane R. Palacios

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

(SENIOR HIGH): Binalbagan National High School

(SECONDARY): Binalbagan National High School

(ELEMENTARY): Jose L. Yulo Elementary School

Acknowledgement

We would like to extend our heartfelt appreciation to our practical research teacher, Ms.
Madonna P. Valdevia, for her unwavering belief in our research. We are truly grateful for her
valuable guidance, support, and words of encouragement. Her advice has helped us focus on
the most important contributions of this research.

We would also like to express our gratitude to our beloved Principal, Mr. Antonio
Elarcosa, for his continuous support, which has made this research possible. Furthermore, we
would like to thank our dear parents, friends, and relatives for their guidance and words of
encouragement throughout this research journey.

Additionally, we would like to acknowledge the expert panelists whose expertise and
valuable guidance have greatly contributed to the success of this study. Their insights have
played a significant role in enhancing the quality of our research.
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE IN WELDING EQUIPMENT INSIDE THE LABORATORY
30

Overall, we are immensely thankful to all those mentioned above for their contributions
and support, without which this research would not have been possible.

NAME: John Paul G. Torrefranca

CONTACT NO: 09075241353

EMAIL ADDRESS: torrefrancajp29@gmail.com

ADDRESS: Brgy. Canmoros, Binalbagan Negros Occidental

DATE OF BIRTH: May 29, 2005

AGE: 18

SEX: Male

RELIGION: Catholic

CITIZENSHIP: Filipino

FATHER: George F. Torrefranca

MOTHER: Maylin G. Torrefranca

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

(SENIOR HIGH): Binalbagan National High School

(SECONDARY): Binalbagan National High School

(ELEMENTARY): Canmoros Elementary School

Acknowledgement

I am grateful and would like to express my thanks, first and foremost, to the Lord God for
giving me strength. I am also thankful to all those with whom we have had the pleasure of
working during this research study. Each member and participant in this study holds a special
place in my heart.

I would especially like to thank Ms. Madonna P. Valdevia, our teacher in the practical
research subject. Thank you for everything you do for us. You never let us down and you are
always there to support us. Your guidance and presence have been invaluable.

I would also like to express my gratitude to my loving and supportive loved ones who
provide unending inspiration.

Overall, I am immensely thankful for the contributions and support of all those mentioned
above. They are the ultimate role models in my life.
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE IN WELDING EQUIPMENT INSIDE THE LABORATORY
31

NAME: Ar-jay M. Zulueta

CONTACT NO: 09519034986

EMAIL ADDRESS: ar-jay0904@gmail.com

ADDRESS: Brgy. Canmoros, Binalbagan, Negros Occidental

DATE OF BIRTH: December 12, 2004

AGE: 19

SEX: Male

RELIGION: Catholic

CITIZENSHIP: Filipino

FATHER: Naren Zulueta

MOTHER: Mayleen Zulueta

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

(SENIOR HIGH): Binalbagan National High School

(SECONDARY): Binalbagan National High School

(ELEMENTARY): Nabuswang Elementary School

Acknowledgement

While bringing this research to its final form, I have had the privilege of encountering
numerous individuals whose contributions in various ways have greatly impacted the field of
research. These individuals deserve special thanks and recognition.

First and foremost, I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to
our practical research teacher, Ms. Madonna P. Valdevia. From the early stages of this
research, she has provided invaluable encouragement, suggestions, and support, enriching our
experiences throughout the entire process.

I would also like to extend my heartfelt appreciation to my parents and family members
for their unwavering financial and moral support. Their unending love and guidance have
played a significant role in making this research possible.
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE IN WELDING EQUIPMENT INSIDE THE LABORATORY
32

Overall, I am immensely grateful to all those mentioned above for their contributions and
support. Their involvement has been instrumental in shaping the outcome of this research.