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Chapter 1
Chapter 1
Course
Chapter
INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL
1 SIGNAL PROCESSING
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 2
1. Course overview
Digital signal processing:
Modifying signals with computers
Book:
Mitra “Digital Signal Processing” (3rd ed., 2005)
Lecturer:
Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D.
Contact:
Email: tttnguyen@hcmus.edu.vn
Microsoft Teams
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 3
Grading structure
Class assignments: 20 points
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 4
Course project
Course project
Work in Group (5-6 members/group)
oTheory
Choose a theory topic from the lecturer or
yourself selected
oPractice
Goal: hands-on experience with DSP
Any ideas/topics are good
Practical implementation
Recommend MATLAB
Submit report and presentation
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 5
Schedule
45 periods.
Totally in 10 days:
9 days for lecture
1 day for Group presentation
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 6
Course content
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 7
2. Digital Signal Processing
Dimensionality:
Sound: 1-Dimension
Greyscale image i(x,y): 2-D
Video: 3 x 3-D: {r(x,y,t) g(x,y,t) b(x,y,t)}
1
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 8
Example signals
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 9
Signal processing
Examples
Noise reduction
Data compression
Representation for recognition/classification
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 10
Digital Signal Processing
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 11
DSP vs. analog SP
Digital SP system:
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 12
Digital vs. analog
Pros
Noise performance - quantized signal
Use a general computer - flexibility, upgrade
Stability/duplicability
Novelty
Cons
Limitations of A/D & D/A
Baseline complexity / power consumption
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 13
DSP example
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 14
3. Operations on signals
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 15
Sequences
Thus,
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 16
Left- and right-sided
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 17
Operations on sequences
Addition operation:
Adder
Multiplication operation
Multiplier
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 18
More operations
E.g. Windowing:
Multiplying an infinite-length sequence by a finite-
length window sequence to extract a region
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 19
Time shifting
Time-shifting operation:
where N is an integer
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 20
Combination of basic operations
Example
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 21
Up- and down-sampling
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 22
Down-sampling
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 23
Down-sampling
An example of down-sampling
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 24
Up-sampling
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 25
Up-sampling
An example of up-sampling
3
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 26
Complex numbers
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 27
Complex math
When multiplying,
magnitudes multiply
and phases add:
rejθ·sejφ = rsej(θ+φ)
Phases modulo 2π
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 28
Complex conjugate
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 29
Classes of sequences
Finite/infinite (extent in n)
Real/complex:
x[n] = xre[n] + j·xim[n]
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 30
Classification by symmetry
Conjugate antisymmetric:
xca[n] = –xca*[-n] = –xre[-n] + j·xim[-n]
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 31
Conjugate symmetric decomposition
Any sequence can be expressed as conjugate symmetric
(CS) / antisymmetric (CA) parts:
x[n] = xcs[n] + xca[n]
where:
xcs[n] = 1/2(x[n] + x*[-n]) = xcs*[-n]
xca[n] = 1/2(x[n] – x*[-n]) = -xca*[-n]
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 32
Basic sequences
Shift in time:
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 33
More basic sequences
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 34
Exponential sequences
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 35
Complex exponentials
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 36
Complex exponentials
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 37
Periodic sequences
Lecturer: Tran Thi Thao Nguyen, Ph.D. - Department of Telecommunications and Networks, FETEL, HCMUS 38
QA