Republic of the Philippines

PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY

Camarines Sur

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Eng20-
TOPIC 2
Developing Materials for Listening Skills - intake rich activities and multidimensional listening skills
lessons

Name: _________________________________ Week/Period: 15

Course Code: ENG20 Instructor’s Name: Dr. Kuh V. Paterno
Course Title: Language Learning Materials Development Semester/AY: First, 2022-2023

I. INTRODUCTION

Listening plays a crucial role in the teaching and learning process. It is an integral part of language
acquisition and communication skills development. Active listening promotes mindful thinking, which
can reduce anxiety and depression in students. It can also help students build relationships because as
they engage themselves in conversation, their peers are more likely to view them as open and
interested.

Here’s a fast fact: over 60% of all misunderstandings come from poor listening and only 1% from poor
reading. If teachers don’t currently teach their students specifically how to listen, it may be time to
add activities to their curriculum that strengthen this skill. The benefits of strong listening skills may
begin in class, but they extend through all aspects of the student’s academic and personal lives. In this
module, appropriate materials for teaching of listening skills will be discussed.

II. OBJECTIVES
1. Select appropriate materials for listening skills,
2. Design and/or improve (existing) contextualized and localized materials for the identified K to 12
English competencies.
3. Produce language learning materials specific for the teaching of listening skills.
 Republic of the Philippines
PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY
Camarines Sur

III. LESSON CONTENT

Listening Skills as a part of Learning Process

"When you have ears, you can hear everything within the hearing range; but that doesn't necessarily
mean you understood what you have heard."

Hearing - is a physical process. it is automatically done, thus, making it natural and passive. unlike
hearing, it is more physiological.

Listening - it is a physical and mental process. Unlike hearing, listening is a skill as it is an active and a
learning process because it requires the use of our brain. it is more psychological than hearing.
- for us to understand, we need to focus and use our brain.

Definition Of Listening:

- an active process by which we make sense of, and by using our brain we are able to assess and
subsequently respond to what we hear.

Good listening skills can greatly improve relationships, minimize misunderstandings, and facilitate
productive discussions. Here are some key elements of effective listening:

1. Paying attention
Give your full attention to the speaker and avoid distractions. Maintain eye contact, nod your head
occasionally, and use other non-verbal cues to show that you are actively listening.

2. Avoid interrupting
Allow the speaker to finish their thoughts before responding. Interrupting can disrupt the flow of
conversation and indicate a lack of respect for the speaker's perspective.
3. Show empathy
Try to understand the speaker's point of view and emotions. Put yourself in their shoes and listen
without judgment. This helps create a supportive and open atmosphere for communication.

4. Ask clarifying questions

If you're unsure about something, ask for clarification. This demonstrates that you are genuinely
interested in understanding the speaker's message and can help prevent misunderstandings.
 Republic of the Philippines
PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY
Camarines Sur

5. Paraphrase and summarize

Repeat or rephrase the speaker's main points to confirm your understanding. Summarizing the key
ideas not only helps you remember the information but also shows the speaker that you are actively
engaged in the conversation.

6. Maintain an open mind

Avoid jumping to conclusions or forming judgments prematurely. Listen with an open mind and
consider different perspectives before forming an opinion.

7. Be patient
Some people may take longer to express their thoughts or may struggle to articulate their ideas
clearly. Be patient and allow them the time they need to communicate effectively.

8. Manage your own internal dialogue

Avoid getting caught up in your own thoughts or preparing your response while the other person is
speaking. Focus on what is being said in the moment.

9. Practice active listening

Engage with the speaker through verbal and non-verbal cues. Encourage them to continue by
nodding, using facial expressions, or providing verbal prompts such as "I see," "Go on," or "Tell me
more."

10. Reflect on your listening skills

Regularly assess and improve your listening skills by seeking feedback from others and reflecting
on your own conversations. Identifying areas for improvement can help you become a better listener
over time.

Effective listening plays a crucial role in various aspects of life, including communication, relationships,
and learning. By actively engaging in attentive listening, individuals can experience the following
benefits:

a. Improved Communication: Active listening promotes clear communication and reduces

misunderstandings. It involves giving full attention to the speaker, understanding their message, and
providing appropriate responses. Through active listening, individuals can grasp the nuances of verbal
and non-verbal cues, enhancing the overall quality of communication exchanges.

b. Building Relationships: Attentive listening demonstrates respect and empathy towards others,
leading to the development of stronger relationships. When we listen sincerely and attentively, we
show that we value the speaker's thoughts and feelings. This fosters a sense of trust and
understanding, creating a solid foundation for meaningful connections with others.

c. Enhancing Learning: Effective listening is instrumental in the process of learning. By actively

listening to instructors, classmates, or educational materials, individuals can improve their
comprehension and retention of information. Attentive listening helps capture key concepts, details,
and instructions, enabling learners to fully grasp the subject matter. This enhanced understanding
leads to better academic performance and a deeper integration of knowledge.

Brown (2001) and Rost (2011) both present comprehensive categorizations that share numerous
similarities in their classifications, indicating overlap and agreement between the two frameworks.
 Republic of the Philippines
PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY
Camarines Sur

 Reactive listening refers to the ability to understand and respond appropriately to spoken
language in real-time. It involves immediate comprehension and reaction without much time for
reflection or planning, often encountered in face-to-face conversations or rapid exchanges. \

 Intensive listening involves focused and detailed comprehension of spoken language. It requires
careful attention to linguistic features, such as vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation, with the
aim of achieving a thorough understanding of the content. Intensive listening is typically
practiced through activities like transcribing, dictation, or close listening to recorded materials.

 Responsive listening refers to the ability to comprehend and provide appropriate responses or
feedback in a conversation or interactive setting. It involves understanding the speaker's
message and reacting accordingly, demonstrating effective communication skills and
engagement. Responsive listening is crucial for effective interpersonal communication and
collaborative interactions.

 Selective listening refers to the skill of focusing on specific information or details while filtering
out irrelevant or less important elements. It involves identifying and extracting relevant content
from a listening source, such as key points, main ideas, or specific information. Selective listening
is often employed in academic contexts, note-taking, or when seeking particular information in a
listening task.

According to Brown, developing selective listening skills involves prompting language learners to
actively focus on listening for specific information:

 People’s names
 Dates
 Certain facts and events-location, situation, context, etc.
 Main ideas and/or conclusion

 Extensive listening refers to the practice of engaging with a wide range of listening materials
over an extended period. It emphasizes developing overall comprehension skills, exposure to
authentic language, and building familiarity with different genres, accents, and speech patterns.
Extensive listening is characterized by a focus on overall understanding rather than detailed
analysis, encouraging language learners to immerse themselves in a variety of audio resources.

Some extensive listening activities include:

 Watching movies
 Listening to radio programs
 Watching vodcasts (video on demand multicasting technology)
 Listening to podcasts (digital audio files
 Listening to songs
 Listening to interviews and lectures
 Responsive listening is a classroom listening activity used to elicit immediate response.
 As a result, the goal of this activity is the listener’s response. Some examples include:
 Asking questions
 Giving commands
 Seeking clarification
 Checking comprehension (Brown, 2001)
 Republic of the Philippines
PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY
Camarines Sur

 Interactive listening involves active participation and interaction in a spoken discourse. It

requires understanding, processing, and responding appropriately to verbal cues, non-verbal
signals, and the overall dynamics of the conversation. Interactive listening skills are crucial for
effective communication in real-life situations, such as group discussions, debates, negotiations,
or interviews.

When it comes to selecting materials for developing listening skills, several criteria should be
considered. These criteria play a significant role in ensuring that the chosen materials are effective in
enhancing students' listening abilities. Let's discuss these criteria in detail:

1. Authenticity: Authentic materials reflect real-life language use and situations. They provide
learners with exposure to genuine spoken language as it is naturally used by native speakers.
Authentic materials can include recordings of conversations, interviews, speeches, podcasts, radio
broadcasts, or TV shows. By using authentic materials, students can develop their listening
comprehension skills by engaging with real-world language and familiarizing themselves with various
accents, vocabulary, and speech patterns. For example, using a news broadcast as a listening activity
exposes students to current events and helps them understand how language is used in a journalistic
context.

2. Relevance: The selected materials should align with students' interests, experiences, and cultural
background. When learners can relate to the content, they are more motivated to engage with the
listening tasks and actively participate in the learning process. Relevant materials can include
dialogues or narratives that revolve around familiar topics, situations, or themes that resonate with
the students' personal lives. For instance, using a dialogue between friends discussing a popular TV
show or a podcast episode on a trending topic can capture students' attention and make the listening
activity more meaningful to them.

3. Level of Challenge: It is crucial to select materials that suit students' language proficiency and
learning needs. The materials should be appropriately challenging, striking a balance between being
comprehensible enough to facilitate understanding and providing opportunities for growth. For
beginners, the materials should be simpler, featuring slower speech, clear enunciation, and
straightforward vocabulary. Intermediate and advanced learners can benefit from materials with a
higher level of complexity, incorporating a wider range of vocabulary, idiomatic expressions, and
varying speech speeds. Adjusting the level of challenge helps students gradually improve their
listening skills and expand their linguistic capabilities. For example, using graded listening passages or
audio recordings that match students' proficiency level can support their incremental progress.

There are three main kinds of listening materials that-you can use for the listening lesson. They are:

1. Recorded Listening Materials: Pre-recorded materials that offer flexibility in terms of replaying,
pausing, and repeating sections, often used in language teaching.
2. Live Listening Materials: Real-time listening experiences where students listen to speakers or
conversations as they happen, without the ability to rewind or pause the audio.
3. Authentic Listening Materials: Real-life materials that reflect natural language usage, such as
radio or TV programs, conversations, and news broadcasts.
 Republic of the Philippines
PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY
Camarines Sur

Developing listening skills can be enhanced through various materials and resources. Here are some
examples of appropriate materials for improving listening skills:

1. Podcasts: Podcasts are a great resource for developing listening skills as they provide audio
content on a wide range of topics. Choose podcasts that match your interests and language
proficiency level. For example, you can listen to educational podcasts like "Stuff You Should
Know" or language-specific podcasts like "Coffee Break Spanish."

2. Audiobooks: Listening to audiobooks allows you to focus on the spoken language and helps
improve comprehension, vocabulary, and pronunciation. Choose books that match your
language level, and make sure to follow along with the text if it's available. For instance, you can
listen to classic novels like "Pride and Prejudice" or contemporary fiction like "The Girl on the
Train."

3. Movies and TV shows: Watching movies and TV shows in the language you're learning can
significantly improve your listening skills. Start with subtitles in your native language, and as you
progress, switch to subtitles in the target language or turn them off completely. Pay attention to
the dialogue, intonation, and expressions. For example, you can watch popular series like
"Friends" or movies like "La La Land."

4. Language learning apps: Many language learning apps offer listening exercises and materials
designed to improve your listening skills. Apps like Duolingo, Babbel, and Rosetta Stone provide
audio exercises and dialogues that you can practice with. For instance, you can use Duolingo's
"Stories" feature to listen to short, interactive stories in the language you're learning.

5. Language exchange platforms: Engaging in language exchange platforms, such as Tandem or

HelloTalk, allows you to connect with native speakers of the language you're learning. Through
voice or video calls, you can practice listening to and understanding natural conversations. You
can discuss various topics and learn from each other's language and culture.

6. TED Talks and speeches: TED Talks and speeches cover a wide range of topics and are delivered
by proficient speakers. The official TED website provides transcripts for most talks, allowing you
to follow along while listening. This helps improve comprehension and vocabulary. For example,
you can listen to inspiring talks like "The Power of Vulnerability" by Brené Brown or informative
speeches like "How I Built This" by Guy Raz.

7. News and radio broadcasts: Listening to news programs or radio broadcasts in the target
language exposes you to current events and improves your listening skills. Look for news outlets
or radio stations that provide audio content in the language you're learning. For instance, you
can listen to BBC World Service or CNN International for news updates.

8. Language learning websites: Various websites offer listening exercises and materials specifically
designed for language learners. Websites like FluentU, BBC Learning English, and ESL Lab provide
audio and video resources with accompanying transcripts and comprehension questions. You
can access a wide range of topics and levels of difficulty to suit your needs.
 Republic of the Philippines
PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY
Camarines Sur

Designing and/or Improving Contextualized and Localized Materials:

A. Review of K-12 English Listening Skills Competencies:

1. Understanding and following oral instructions: This competency involves the ability to
comprehend and carry out oral instructions accurately. It is crucial for effective communication and
task completion. According to Brown and Abeywickrama (2010), understanding and following oral
instructions contribute to learners' receptive language skills and their ability to process and execute
tasks based on oral directions.

2. Comprehending and interpreting spoken texts: Comprehending and interpreting spoken texts
refers to the ability to understand the meaning and message conveyed in spoken language. It involves
extracting relevant information, making inferences, and drawing conclusions. Vandergrift (2004)
emphasizes that this competency requires learners to employ various listening strategies to
comprehend different types of spoken texts, such as lectures, conversations, or presentations.

3. Identifying main ideas, details, and supporting evidence: This competency focuses on the skill of
identifying the main ideas, key details, and supporting evidence in spoken texts. It requires learners to
discern essential information from non-essential details. Anderson and Lynch (1988) emphasize that
learners need to develop their listening skills to distinguish between main ideas and supporting
details, which aids in comprehension and critical thinking.

4. Inferring meaning from context and recognizing implied information: Inferring meaning from
context and recognizing implied information involves understanding implicit meanings, intentions,
and attitudes conveyed through spoken language. It requires learners to make educated guesses and
draw inferences based on contextual cues. Brown and Abeywickrama (2010) assert that this
competency is crucial for understanding subtleties, humor, and implied messages in spoken texts.

5. Analyzing and evaluating spoken texts for their purpose, tone, and perspective: Analyzing and
evaluating spoken texts involves critically examining the purpose, tone, and perspective conveyed in
oral communication. It requires learners to assess the speaker's intentions, bias, and credibility.
Anderson and Lynch (1988) state that this competency enables learners to develop their critical
thinking skills by analyzing the speaker's use of language and identifying persuasive techniques.

6. Applying listening strategies for effective comprehension: This competency emphasizes the use of
listening strategies to enhance comprehension. Learners need to employ various techniques, such as
predicting, clarifying, and summarizing, to facilitate understanding. Vandergrift (2004) highlights that
the application of listening strategies improves learners' metacognitive awareness and self-regulation
during the listening process.

B. Incorporating the local context and culture into listening materials provides learners with authentic
and relatable content. It enhances their engagement, motivation, and understanding of the language.
Here are some reasons why it is important to incorporate the local context and culture:

1. Relevance and Meaningfulness: Localizing the materials helps learners connect with the content
on a personal level. It allows them to relate to the topics, situations, and experiences depicted in
the materials. For example, using conversations or narratives that reflect daily life activities or
cultural events familiar to the learners can make the listening tasks more meaningful and
relatable.

2. Language and Vocabulary Familiarity: Integrating local language use, expressions, and
vocabulary into the materials helps learners develop their listening skills in authentic contexts.
 Republic of the Philippines
PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY
Camarines Sur

Exposure to local accents, dialects, and idiomatic expressions prepares learners for real-life
communication with native speakers. It also expands their linguistic repertoire and promotes
cultural understanding.

3. Cultural Awareness and Appreciation: By incorporating local context and culture, learners gain
insights into the traditions, customs, values, and perspectives of the target language community.
This fosters cultural awareness, respect, and appreciation, which are essential components of
language learning.

4. Motivation and Engagement: When learners encounter materials that resonate with their own
culture and experiences, they are more likely to be motivated and engaged in the learning
process. It creates a sense of ownership and relevance, fostering a positive learning
environment.

Approaches to Teaching Listening Materials :

 Authentic Listening Approach: This approach emphasizes the use of authentic materials, such as
real-life conversations, interviews, or broadcasts, to develop listening skills. Authentic materials
expose learners to natural language use, cultural contexts, and a variety of accents and speech
patterns. Vandergrift and Goh (2012) assert that authentic listening materials provide learners
with a more realistic and engaging learning experience, enabling them to develop their listening
comprehension and cultural awareness.

 Task-Based Approach: The task-based approach focuses on integrating listening skills with
meaningful tasks that have a clear purpose and outcome. Learners engage in activities that
require active listening, information gathering, and problem-solving. Willis and Willis (2007)
emphasize that task-based activities promote learner autonomy, collaboration, and critical
thinking while developing listening skills. This approach encourages learners to use listening
strategies to accomplish specific goals.

 Bottom-Up and Top-Down Processing Approach: This approach involves the integration of
bottom-up and top-down processing in listening instruction. Bottom-up processing emphasizes
decoding individual sounds, words, and grammar to construct meaning, while top-down
processing focuses on using background knowledge, context, and schemata to comprehend
spoken language. Field (2008) argues that combining these processes helps learners effectively
process and understand spoken texts at different linguistic levels.

 Metacognitive Approach: The metacognitive approach emphasizes the development of learners'

metacognitive awareness and self-regulation during the listening process. It involves teaching
learners to monitor their understanding, set goals, and use strategies to enhance
comprehension. Vandergrift (2004) suggests that metacognitive strategies, such as predicting,
summarizing, and self-questioning, enable learners to actively engage with spoken texts and
become more autonomous listeners.

 Interactive Approach: The interactive approach emphasizes learners' engagement in interactive

listening activities, such as pair work, group discussions, or role-plays. It promotes meaningful
interactions and negotiation of meaning, allowing learners to develop their listening skills in
communicative contexts. Rost (2011) highlights that interactive activities enhance learners'
ability to process spoken language in real-time and develop their listening fluency and
conversational skills.
 Republic of the Philippines
PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY
Camarines Sur

When designing a listening course to align with K-12 learning competencies, the following steps can
be taken:

 Identify Learning Objectives:

Clearly define the listening skills and competencies that students are expected to achieve based on
the K-12 curriculum. This could include understanding oral instructions, interpreting spoken texts,
identifying main ideas, inferring meaning, and applying listening strategies.

 Assess Student Needs:

Conduct a needs analysis to determine the specific listening needs and proficiency levels of the
students. This can be done through diagnostic tests, surveys, or observations to gather information
about their current listening abilities and areas for improvement.

 Select Authentic Materials:

Choose authentic listening materials that are relevant, age-appropriate, and aligned with students'
interests and experiences. These materials could include recordings of conversations, interviews,
speeches, podcasts, or videos that reflect real-life language use and situations.

 Scaffold Listening Activities:

Design listening activities that scaffold students' understanding and provide support as needed. This
can involve pre-listening activities to activate background knowledge, prediction exercises, or
vocabulary development tasks. During-listening activities should engage students in actively listening
for specific information, understanding main ideas, and making inferences. Post-listening activities
can include discussions, comprehension questions, or reflective tasks to reinforce learning and
encourage critical thinking.

 Incorporate Multimodal Resources:

Utilize a variety of multimedia resources to enhance the listening experience. This could involve using
visual aids, gestures, realia, or subtitles to support comprehension. Multimedia resources can also
provide cultural context and expose students to different accents and speech patterns.

 Foster Active Engagement:

Promote active engagement during listening tasks by incorporating interactive and communicative
activities. Pair work, group discussions, role-plays, or simulations can encourage students to apply
their listening skills in authentic contexts and interact with peers.

 Teach Listening Strategies:

Explicitly teach and model effective listening strategies, such as predicting, summarizing, note-taking,
and self-monitoring. Help students develop metacognitive awareness by guiding them to reflect on
their listening processes and identify strategies that work best for them.

 Provide Ongoing Feedback and Assessment:

Regularly assess students' listening skills through formative and summative assessments. Provide
constructive feedback to guide their progress and offer opportunities for self-reflection. This can
include listening comprehension quizzes, portfolio assessments, or performance-based tasks.

 Reflect and Adjust:

Continuously evaluate the effectiveness of the listening course and make necessary adjustments
based on student performance and feedback. Reflect on the strengths and areas for improvement in
the materials and instructional strategies used.
 Republic of the Philippines
PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY
Camarines Sur

REFERENCES:

Kadagidze, L. (2006). Different Types of Listening Materials. ResearchGate.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/49292255_Different_Types_of_Listening_
Materials

Peachey, N., & Peachey, N. (2023). Listening Skills: 10 Online Tools For Developing Your Students’
Skills. Oxford TEFL • Teacher Training. https://oxfordtefl.com/blog/10-tools-for-
developing-students-listening-skills/

ACTIVITY

1. Form small groups with your classmates.

2. Each group will create a chart or table with different columns representing various listening skill
categories (e.g., Reactive listening, Intensive listening, Responsive listening, Selective listening,
Extensive listening, Interactive listening).
3. Your task is to brainstorm and list examples of listening skills under each category based on the
listening materials you have encountered in our lessons. Think about specific situations or contexts
where each listening skill is relevant.
4. Collaborate and discuss your ideas within your group, sharing your insights and perspectives.
5. Once your chart or table is complete, present your findings to the class, highlighting the examples
you have identified for each listening skill category.

Listening Skills Categories Examples of Events/Activities/Contexts

1. Reactive Listening -
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2. Intensive Listening -
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3. Responsive listening -
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4. Selective listening -
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5. Extensive listening -
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6. Interactive listening -
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PARTIDO STATE UNIVERSITY
Camarines Sur

ASSESSMENT: Listening Skills Reflection

Instructions: This assessment is designed to gauge your understanding and reflection on the key
elements of listening skills discussed in the lesson materials. Please provide clear and concise
responses to the following questions based on your understanding of the content.

1. Define listening in your own words.

2. Choose one listening skill from the lesson (e.g., paraphrasing, asking clarifying questions) and
explain how it can contribute to better understanding in a conversation.
3. Explain how practicing reflective listening can enhance communication in interpersonal
relationships.
4. Choose one categorization of listening skills mentioned in the lesson (e.g., reactive listening,
intensive listening) and briefly explain its characteristics

Note to students: (1) When submitting your module CONVERT IT INTO PDF FILE. (2) Save your file in
the following format LAST NAME_COURSE_ MODULE NO._ ( ). Please attach pictures below
during/while you are working with this module.

Thank you! And may God give you the wisdom and the joy of learning.