IGCSE PE (0413 19-21) - Chptr 1.

2 - Joint types, structures and formation Study

Science Biology Anatomy

IGCSE PE (0413 19-21) - Chptr 1.2 - Joint types, structures and formation
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Terms in this set (19)

A point in the body where two or more bones are connected, but with differing degrees of movement depending
Joint
on location.

TERM DEFINITION LOCATION

These bones are attached together and cannot move as

they are joined via fibrous connective tissue. For example -
Fixed or immoveable joints (fibrous joints)
the sections of the cranium.

TERM DEFINITION LOCATION

The bones in these joints can move a small amount as they

are linked together by ligaments and cartilage (which
Slightly moveable joints (cartilaginous joints)
absorbs the movement). For example - The vertebral
column and the ribs.

TERM DEFINITION LOCATION

These joints have the greatest amount of movement and

include the elbow, shoulder, knee and hip.
Freely moveable joints (synovial joints)

TERM DEFINITION LOCATION

Surrounds the joint capsule with a synovial fluid.

Joint membrane

TERM DEFINITION LOCATION

Acts as a lubricant that reduces friction in the joint; allows

for smoother movement and reduces wear and tear.
Synovial fluid

The structure that surrounds and protects the joint, holding the bones together; made up of an outer fibrous
Joint capsule
membrane and an inner synovial membrane.

TERM DEFINITION LOCATION

The strong, elastic fibres that hold the bones together and
keep them in place.
Ligament

TERM DEFINITION LOCATION

A strong but flexible material found at the end of long

bones that acts as a cushion to stop bones knocking
Cartilage
together.

Tendon A tough band of fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone and enables joints to withstand tension.

TERM DEFINITION LOCATION

These provide a large range of movement in every

direction. One bone has a bulge or ball that fits into a
Types of synovial joints: Ball and socket socket in the other bone. Found in the shoulders and the
hips. Allow actions such as an overhead clear in badminton,
bowling in cricket or all the swimming strokes.

TERM DEFINITION LOCATION

These are located in the elbow and the knee and allow
movement in one direction. For example - The elbows and
Types of synovial joints: Hinge Joints
knees allow you to bend and straighten your arms and legs
when performing a jump shot in basketball.

TERM DEFINITION LOCATION

The thighbone; the longest and one of the strongest bones

in the body
Femur
TERM
IGCSE PE (0413 19-21) - Chptr 1.2 - Joint types, structures and formation
DEFINITION LOCATION

The tibia; also known as the shinbone is the larger, stronger,

and anterior of the two bones in the leg below the knee.
Tibia

TERM DEFINITION LOCATION

Fibrocartilage pads that separate and cushion the

vertebrae
Intervertebral discs

TERM DEFINITION LOCATION

Hyaline cartilage that covers ends of bones in synovial

joints
Articular cartilage

TERM DEFINITION LOCATION

26 irregular bones that make up your backbone

Vertebrae

TERM DEFINITION LOCATION

Large socket in the pelvic bone for the head of the femur

Acetabulum

TERM DEFINITION LOCATION

Articulates with the acetabulum (hip socket)

Head of the femur