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111學年度第二學期工程數學2 2 solm
111學年度第二學期工程數學2 2 solm
2u 2u
1. 求解 4 , 其中 boundary condition as u(0, t ) 0, u(8, t ) 0 (30%)
t2 x 2
k1 x / 4 if 0 x 4 u
initial condition as u ( x,0) f ( x) , and t 0 0
k1 (8 x) / 4 if 4 x 8 t
u 2u
2. 求解 t 16 , 其中 boundary condition as u (0, t ) 0, u (6, t ) 0 (30%)
x 2
6k 2 x / 6 if 0 x3
initial condition as u ( x,0) f ( x)
2k 2 (6 x) / 6 if 3 x6
3. 求解 u xx ( x, y) 16 y 2u( x, y) (20%)
4. 求解 u yy ( x, y) 9xu y ( x, y) (20%)
2u 2u
1. 求解 4 , 其中 boundary condition as u (0, t ) 0, u (8, t ) 0 (30%)
t2 x 2
2k1 x / 8 if 0 x 4 u
initial condition as u ( x,0) f ( x) , and t 0 0
2k1 (8 x) / 8 if 4 x 8 t
Sol:
2u 2G , 2u 2F
F 2 FG G 2 GF" 代入原式得到
t 2
t x2 x
G
G F"
22 G
G 2 2 kG 0
2 2 GF "
FG k k
,其中 k 為分離常數,有三種情形
22 G F F" k F " kF 0
F
情形(1)
G 0
k 0代入 積分 2次得到F A1 x A2 , G B1t B2代回
F " 0
其解u ( x, t ) ( A1 x A2 )(B1t B2 ),
情形(2)
G ( 2 p ) 2 G 0 令G et , G
2et
k 0, 令k p 2 0代入 x 2 x
代入
F " p F 0 令F e , F " e
2
(2) k 0 u ( x, t ) 0 ( A1e
px
A2e px )(B1e 2 pt B2e 2 pt )
u ( x, t ) ( A1e px A2e px )( B1e 2 pt B2e 2 pt ) 0 A1 A2 0
u FG 0, 不符合其解
(3) k 0 u( x, t ) ( A1 cos px A2 sin px)(B1 cos 2vt B2 sin 2vt ) 0
A1 0
,代回
sin v8 sin n 0, v n / 8,而 n 0, 1, 2, ,
u( x, t ) A2 [ B1 cos(n t / 4) B2 sin(nt / 4)]sin(n x / 8), n 0, 1, 2,
u ( x, t ) [ Bn cos(n t / 4) Bn* sin( n t / 4)]sin( nx / 8)
n 0
[ Bn cos(n t / 4) Bn* sin( n t / 4)]sin( n x / 8)
n1
*
步驟(三):加入 I.C.及利用傅立葉 Sine 級數(Fourier Sine Series)求解 Bn 和 Bn ,
2 L
Bn* g ( x) sin( n x / L)dx 0,
2n 0
2 2 k k
Bn 0L f ( x) sin( n x / L)dx [ 04 1 x sin( n x / L)dx 48 1 (8 x) sin( n x / 8)dx
L 8 8 8
8k1
Bn sin( n / 2) 代回
(n) 2
8k1
u ( x, t ) sin( n / 2) cos( n t / 4) sin( n x / 8)
n 1 ( n)
2
8k1 1 1 #
cos( t / 4) sin( x / 8) cos(3 t / 4) sin(3 x / 8)
() 2 12 32
2.
Sol:
步驟(一): 利用分離變數法,令 u( x, t ) F ( x)G(t ) 微分代入原式
u G 2u 2F
F FG , G GF " 代入原式得到
t t x 2
x 2
G
G F"
2
G 4 2 kG 0
FG 4 2 GF " k 4 G k ,其中 k 為分離常數,有三種情
c 2G F F" k
F "kF 0
F
形
情形(1)
G 0
k 0代入 積分 得到F A1x A2 , G B1代回
F " 0
其解u ( x, t ) ( A1x A2 ) B1
情形(2)
G (4 p) 2 G 0 令G e t , G e t
k 0, 令k p 0代入 2
x 2 x
代入
F " p 2
F 0 令F e , F " e
情形(3)
G (4v) 2 G 0 令G e t , G e t
k 0, 令k v 0代入 2
x 2 x
代入
F " v 2
F 0 令 F e , F " e
得到F ( A1N e ivx A2 N e ivx ) A1 cos vx A2 sin vx,
G B1e ( 4v ) t 代回
2
(2) k 0 u ( x, t ) 0 ( A1e
px
A2e px )(B1e 4 pt B2e 4 pt )
u ( x, t ) ( A1e px A2 e px )(B1e 4 pt B2 e 4 pt ) 0 A1 A2 0
u FG 0, 不符合其解
( 4v ) t
( k 0 u( x, t ) ( A1 cos px A2 sin px) B1e 0
2
A1 0
,代回
sin v6 sin n 0, v n / 6,而 n 0, 1, 2, ,
u( x, t ) A2 [ B1e( 4n / 6) t ]sin(n x / 6), n 0, 1, 2,
2
考慮所有項解之組合, 並令 A2 B1 Bn 代入上式,其解可得
u ( x, t ) [ Bn e ( 4 n / 6 ) t ] sin(nx / 6)
2
n 0
Bn e ( 4 n / 6 ) t sin(n x / 6)
2
n 1
8k 2
Bn sin( n / 2) 代回
(n) 2
8k 2
u ( x, t ) sin( n / 2)e ( 4 n / 6 ) 2 t
sin(n x / 6)
n 1 ( n ) 2
8k 2 1 ( 4 / 6 )2 t 1 (12 / 6 )2 t #
e sin( x / 6) 2 e sin(3 x / 6)
( ) 2 12 3
3. 求解 u xx ( x, y) 16 y 2u( x, y) (20%)
2 e x 16 y 2 e x , (2 16 y 2 )e x 0 4 y 代回
u ( x, y ) c1 ( y )e 4 yx c2 ( y )e 4 yx #
4. 求解 u yy ( x, y) 9xu y ( x, y) (20%)
2 e y 9 xe y , (2 9 x )e y 0 0, 9 x 代回
u( x, y) c1 ( x) c2 ( x)e9 yx #