SANS 3001-AG10 2012 Part AG10 ACV (Aggregate Crushing Value) and 10 % FACT (Fines Aggregate Crushing

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SANS 3001-AG10:2012
Edition 1
SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD
Civil engineering test methods
Part AG10: ACV (aggregate crushing value)

and 10 % FACT (fines aggregate crushing
test) values of coarse aggregates
Published by SABS Standards Division

1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001
Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568
www.sabs.co.za
© SABS
SANS 3001-AG10:2012
Edition 1
Table of changes
Change No. Date Scope
Acknowledgement
The SABS Standards Division wishes to acknowledge the valuable assistance of the Aggregate and
Sand Producers Association of South Africa (ASPASA), the Committee of Transport Officials
(COTO), and the South African National Roads Agency Limited (SANRAL).
Foreword
This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS SC 59E, Construction
standards – Pavement materials testing, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards
Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement.
This document was published in May 2012.
This document supersedes TMH 1-B1:1986 (second edition), TMH 1-B2:1986 (second edition),
SANS 5841:2008 (edition 2.1), and SANS 5842:2006 (edition 2.1).
SANS 3001 consists of various parts under the general title Civil engineering test methods.
Parts AG of the SANS 3001 series contain methods for testing aggregates.
Annexes A and B are for information only.
Introduction
The test results are used for the quality control, by means of particle strength, of aggregates for
concrete, surfacing (chips) and asphalt, and for crushed stone base.
The 10 % fines aggregate crushing test (FACT) value is preferred when the aggregate crushing
value (ACV) exceeds 30 %, and the result may then be unreliable. The wider range of loading may
give a better indication of the particle strength than the ACV test.
The wet and dry results can be used as a guide to indicate aggregates that are likely to break down
during handling and mixing, generating excessive fines. The test is significantly affected by the
flakiness of the aggregate. It is recommended that a flakiness index test as described in
SANS 3001-AG4, is carried out in conjunction with the strength test.
Apparatus dimensions that are critical to the outcome of the method or procedure are given with a
tolerance. All other dimensions are nominal and should be considered fit for purpose. Existing
apparatus that conforms to the requirements of TMH 1 may be used in this standard until it is no
longer fit for purpose. In particular the 13,2 mm and 9,5 mm sieves may be used in place of the new
sieve sizes as described in SANS 3001-AG1.
This test method is classified as Group: A, Rating: 5, Activity: AG, in accordance with the
requirements of the South African Construction Education and Training Authority (CETA).
SANS 3001-AG10:2012
Edition 1
Contents
Page
Acknowledgement
Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope ..................................................................................................................................... 3
2 Normative references ............................................................................................................. 3
3 Definitions .............................................................................................................................. 4
4 Apparatus ............................................................................................................................... 4
5 Principles ................................................................................................................................ 5
6 Preparation of test specimens ............................................................................................... 6
7 Procedure ............................................................................................................................... 6
8 Calculations ............................................................................................................................ 8
9 Test report .............................................................................................................................. 10
Annex A (informative) Example of the calculation procedure .................................................. 11
Annex B (informative) Calculation of P1 and ε values .............................................................. 14
Bibliography............................................................................................................................... 16
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SANS 3001-AG10:2012
Edition 1
Civil engineering test methods
Part AG10:
ACV (aggregate crushing value) and 10 % FACT (fines aggregate crushing
test) values of coarse aggregates
1 Scope
This part of SANS 3001 describes a method for determining the aggregate crushing value and the
10 % fines aggregate crushing test values in a dry or wet condition of a prepared aggregate sample,
by measuring the fines generated by a load of 400 kN and the load required to crush the fraction of
the aggregate passing the 14 mm sieve and retained on the 10 mm sieve, to the extent that 10 % of
the sample, after crushing, passes a 2 mm sieve.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Information on currently valid national
and international standards can be obtained from the SABS Standards Division.
SANS 241-1, Drinking water – Part 1: Microbiological, physical, aesthetic and chemical determinands.
SANS 241-2, Drinking water – Part 2: Application of SANS 241-1.
SANS 1649, Non-automatic self-indicating, semi-self-indicating and non-self-indicating weighing

instruments with denominated verification scale intervals.
SANS 3001-PR1, Civil engineering test methods – Part PR1: Determination of uncertainty of
measurement, repeatability, reproducibility and bias.
SANS 3001-PR10, Civil engineering test methods – Part PR10: Checking, handling, maintenance
and verification of test sieves.
SANS 3310-1/ISO 3310-1, Test sieves – Technical requirements and testing – Part –1: Test sieves
of metal wire cloth.
SANS 3310-2/ISO 3310-2, Test sieves – Technical requirements and testing – Part –2: Test sieves
of perforated metal plate.
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3 Definitions
For the purposes of this document the following definitions apply.
3.1
constant mass
less than 0,1 % change in mass after two successive periods of more than 1 h of oven-drying
3.2
oven-dry
dried in an oven at a temperature of 105 °C to 110 °C
3.3
tare
to reset a balance reading to zero so that it excludes the mass of the container
4 Apparatus
4.1 Cylindrical steel measure container, of 115 mm ± 2 mm diameter and 180 mm ± 2 mm
height, that is rigid enough to retain its form under rough usage.
4.2 Aggregate crushing assembly, that consists of a steel, open-ended cylinder with plunger and
base plate, each of the appropriate shape and dimensions given in figure 1. Notwithstanding the
tolerances given the plunger is to fit freely into the open-ended cylinder. All the inner surfaces of the
assembly (surface between the cylinder and base plate) in contact with the aggregate are
machined. The opposite load-bearing faces of the plunger are parallel to within 0,1°.
NOTE 1 The inner surfaces of the assembly in contact with the aggregate are subject to severe abrasion and
indentation during testing. To increase the service life of the apparatus, these surfaces should be case-
hardened (or otherwise treated) to have a hardness of at least 400 HV 30.
NOTE 2 For convenience, the base plate should be recessed or be provided with lugs to locate the cylinder
centrally on the base plate.
Figure 1 — Crushing apparatus
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4.3 Metal tamping rod, straight, of diameter approximately 16 mm, and of length between
450 mm and 600 mm, with at least one hemispherical end.
4.4 Sieves that comply with SANS 3310-1 or SANS 3310-2, as applicable, with aperture sizes of
14 mm, 10 mm and 2 mm, pan and cover.
4.5 Compression testing machine, of total capacity at least 1 000 kN and capable of a loading
rate of 40 kN/min ± 5 kN/min. The machine is equipped with a force indicating device.
4.6 Force indicating device, capable of measuring a load of at least 1 000 kN reading to the
nearest 100 N.
4.7 Electronic balance, fine measurement type complying with SANS 1649 of capacity at least
12 kg, and reading to 1 g.
4.8 Iron mortar, of 150 mm diameter.
4.9 Pestle, rubber-tipped.
4.10 Cloth, of chamois leather.
4.11 Spirit level (optional).
4.12 Drying oven, that is capable of maintaining a temperature range of 105 °C to 110 °C with
continuous draft.
5 Principles
The procedure combines the determination of the aggregate crushing value (ACV) and the
10 % fines aggregate crushing test (FACT). The first point is obtained by applying a set load of
400 kN which determines the ACV. When only the ACV is required no further testing is carried out.
The standard test is carried out on the fraction passing the 14 mm sieve and retained on the 10 mm
sieve.
If the available aggregate does not contain a sufficient quantity of the standard fraction a non-
standard test may be carried out using the same procedure described in clause 7. For fractions
larger than the standard, use the apparatus given in 4.1 and 4.2. For smaller fractions similar
apparatus with a crushing cylinder of internal diameter 77 mm and depth 75 mm, and plunger of
75 mm diameter, is recommended. The recommended non-standard fractions and sieve sizes for
separation of the fines are given in table 1.
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Table 1 — Sieve sizes for non-standard fractions
1 2 3
Non-standard fractions For separation of the fines
Passing Retained after crushing
mm mm mm
28 20 5
20 14 3,35
10 7,1 2
7,1 5 1
6 Preparation of test specimens

6.1 From the field sample, prepare three specimens by sieving out enough material to yield a test
fraction of aggregate passing a 14 mm sieve and retained on a 10 mm sieve, of approximately
3 kg per specimen sample, enough to fill the cylindrical measure (see 4.1).
NOTE The approximate mass of material for a dry set of tests is 9 kg, and for a full set of soaked and dry
tests is 18 kg.
6.2 Oven-dry the aggregate to a constant mass. When the aggregate is not clean and appears
dusty, wash the specimen samples, place the washed aggregate in a shallow tray, oven-dry to
constant mass and allow to cool to room temperature.
6.3 Place the clean empty cylindrical measure container on the balance and tare.
6.4 Remove the measure from the balance, fill the measure to approximately one-third of its depth
with the aggregate and tamp with 25 light strokes of the tamping rod (see 4.3), using the
hemispherical end. Add a further similar quantity of aggregate and tamp as before. Finally fill the
measure to overflowing, tamp as before, and strike off the excess material flush with the top of the
measure, using the tamping rod as a straight-edge.
6.5 Weigh the aggregate contained in the cylindrical measure to the nearest 1 g and record the
mass, M1i, to the nearest 1 g.
6.6 For soaked specimens, after the procedure given in 6.5, soak the specimen samples in a
suitable container for 24 h in at least class I drinking water (see SANS 241-1 and SANS 241-2).
After soaking, drain the aggregate for 5 min and surface dry by rolling in damp chamois cloth.
NOTE If any salt crystallization is noted the specimens should be soaked in distilled water.
6.7 Weigh the soaked surface dry aggregate and record the mass, M2i, to the nearest 1 g.
7 Procedure
7.1 First point
7.1.1 The first point determines the ACV of the aggregate. When only the ACV is required, carry
out the procedure given in 6.1 only.
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7.1.2 Place the crushing cylinder on its base plate, add the test specimen as prepared in 6.1 to 6.5
or 6.6, a third of the specimen at a time, and tamp each layer with 25 light strokes of the tamping
rod, using the hemispherical end. Level the surface of the aggregate, and insert the plunger (taking
care to ensure that it does not jam in the cylinder) until it rests horizontally on the surface of the
aggregate.
NOTE A spirit level may be used on the head of the plunger to ensure that it seats horizontally.
7.1.3 Place the aggregate crushing assembly centrally on the bearing platen of the compression
testing machine, and apply a load at a uniform rate of 40 kN/min ± 5 kN/min. Release the applied
load as soon as the required load, FC1, of 400 kN is reached.
7.1.4 Remove all the material from the crushing cylinder. Loosen the aggregate with care.
Particularly for softer material the aggregate is not to be hammered out of the cylinder using the
tamping rod. For softer aggregates divide the loosened material into approximately three equal
parts. Place each part in the mortar and rub gently with the rubber-tipped pestle to dislodge and
separate the fine particles.
7.1.5 Oven-dry soaked specimens to a constant mass and allow to cool.
7.1.6 Sieve all the loosened dry material on a 2 mm sieve into a pan as described in
SANS 3001-PR10.
7.1.7 Weigh the material retained on the 2 mm sieve and the material passing the 2 mm sieve
retained in the pan, and record the masses to the nearest 1 g (MCiR and MCiP). Compare the sum of
MCiR and MCiP with M1. When the difference is more than 0,2 % of M1, repeat the test.
The subscripts apply as follows:
a) "C" denotes the condition of the specimen, substitute either "D" for dry or "S" for soaked;
b) "i" denotes any test point from 1 to 3;
c) "R" indicates material retained; and
d) "P" indicates material passing.
7.1.8 Calculate the percentage fines generated, PC1 (see 8.1).
7.2 Second and third points (10 % FACT)
7.2.1 The second and third points are determined using loads that are estimated to produce
10 % fines passing the 2 mm sieve.
7.2.2 Use the first point, PC1 (see 7.1.8) to determine the initial estimated load, FC2, required to
generate 10 % fines (see 8.3).
7.2.3 Test the second specimen in the same manner as described in 7.1.1, applying the initial
estimated load, FC2, and calculate the percentage fines generated, PC2 (see 8.1).
7.2.4 Use the first two points (PC1 and PC2) to determine the second estimated load FC3 (see 8.4).
7.2.5 Test the third specimen in the same manner as described in 7.1.1, applying the second
estimated load, FC3, and calculate the percentage fines generated, PC3 (see 8.1).
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8 Calculations
NOTE 1 Examples of the calculation procedure are given in annex A.
NOTE 2 A table to assist with the calculations is given in annex B.
NOTE 3 See 7.1.7 for an explanation of the subscripts. Where possible the equations given in 8.1 to 8.9 are
given in generalised format to avoid repetition.
8.1 Calculate the percentage fines generated, using the following equation:
⎛M ⎞
PCi = 100 ⎜⎜ CiP ⎟⎟
⎝ M1i ⎠
where
PCi is the percentage of fines generated;
MCiP is the mass of the fraction that passes through the 2 mm sieve, expressed in grams (g);
M1i is the mass of the dry aggregate contained in the cylindrical measure container,
expressed in grams (g);
i is the specimen number.
8.2 Calculate the ACV using the following equation:

AC = PC1
where
AC is the percentage fines, PC1.
8.3 Calculate the load for the second point (see 7.2.2), using the following equation:
4 000
FC2 =
PC1
where
FC2 is the estimated load to produce 10 % fines for the second point, expressed in
kilonewtons (kN).
8.4 Calculate the load to be applied for the third point (see 7.2.4), using the following equation:
⎛ (PC2 − 10 ) ⎞
FC3 = FC2 ⎜⎜1 − ⎟
⎟
⎝ PC2 ⎠
where
FC3 is the estimated load to produce 10 % fines for the third point, expressed in kilonewtons
(kN).
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8.5 When the following acceptance condition (ε) is not met, repeat the test and only use the results
of the repeat test to determine the ACV and 10 % FACT:
ε > |PC3 – 10|
where
20
ε=
3PC10,6
NOTE The value of ε may be obtained from table B.1.
8.6 Calculate the 10 % FACT (TC), expressed in kilonewtons, using the following equations:
a) When ε > |PC2 – 10|
⎛ FC2 + FC3 ⎞
TC = ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
b) When ε < |PC2 – 10|
TC = FC3
8.7 Calculate the 10 % FACT wet/dry relationship using the following equation:
TS
10 % FACT wet/dry relationship = × 100
TD
where
TS is the soaked 10 % FACT;
TD is the dry 10 % FACT.
8.8 Calculate the water absorbed during soaking using the following equation:
M 2ave − M1ave
WABS = × 100
M1ave
where
WABS is the water absorbed as moisture content, expressed as a percentage (%);
M1ave is the average mass of the dry aggregate contained in the cylindrical measure container
before soaking, expressed in grams (g);
M2ave is the average mass of the surface dry soaked aggregate, expressed in grams (g).
NOTE M1 and M2 are determined for each soaked point and the average values are obtained from the three
specimen points tested.
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8.9 The uncertainty of the test method is mainly dependent on the durability of the aggregate. Use
table 2 to determine, σ, and the required precision E (two-sided case and precision category Pm,
variable) for the statistical analysis of the test results as described in SANS 3001-PR1.
Table 2 — Typical σ and E values
1 2 3
ACV 10 % FACT
Statistic
(%) (kN)
16 000
σ 0,4PC10,4 1,6
6PC1
E 0,95 σ 0,95 σ
NOTE When the percentage fines exceeds 40 % the
fines cushion or protect the aggregate against
crushing and the result becomes unreliable; the
relationship between percentage fines and applied
load is no longer linear below 9 % and the uncertainty
is unpredictable in this range.
9 Test report
Record the load to generate 10 % fines as the 10 % FACT value (dry or wet) of an aggregate to the
nearest 5 kN, the ACV to the nearest 0,1 %, and the 10 % FACT wet/dry relationship to the nearest
whole number.
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Annex A
(informative)
Example of the calculation procedure
A.1 General
Use the following information for a specimen tested in the dry condition, to calculate A.2 to A.7:
M11 = 3 046 g
M12 = 3 051 g
M13 = 3 047 g
MD1P = 536 g
MD2P = 320 g
MD3P = 302 g
Use the following information after soaking to calculate A.8 and A.9:
M1ave = 3 048 g for the soaked specimens
M2ave = 3 064 g for the soaked specimens
TS = 175 KN
A.2 Calculation of percentage fines generated (see 8.1)
⎛M ⎞
PCi = 100 ⎜⎜ CiP ⎟⎟
⎝ M1i ⎠
⎛ 536 ⎞
PD1 = 100 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = 17,6 %
⎝ 3 046 ⎠
⎛ 320 ⎞
PD2 = 100 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = 10,5 %
⎝ 3 051 ⎠
⎛ 302 ⎞
PD3 = 100 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = 9,9 %
⎝ 3 047 ⎠
A.3 Calculation of the ACV (see 8.2)

AD = PD1 = 17,6 %
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A.4 Calculation of the load for the second point FD2 (see 8.3)
4 000
FD2 = = 227 kN
17,6
A.5 Calculation of the load for the third point FD3 (see 8.4)
⎛ (PD2 − 10 ) ⎞ ⎛ (10,5 − 10 ) ⎞
FD3 = FD2 ⎜⎜1 − ⎟⎟ = 227 ⎜1 − ⎟ = 216 kN
⎝ PD2 ⎠ ⎝ 10,5 ⎠
A.6 Calculation of the acceptance condition (ε) (see 8.5)

20 20
ε= = = 1,19
3PD10,6 3 × 17,6 0,6
|PD3 – 10| = |9,9 – 10| = 0,1
ε > |PD3 – 10|
Therefore the test is not repeated.
A.7 Calculation of the dry 10 % FACT (see 8.6)

|PD2 – 10| = |10,5 – 10| = 0,5 < ε
Therefore use 8.6 to calculate 10 % FACT
(FD2 + FD3 ) (227 + 216 )

TD = = = 221,5 kN
2 2
and report the dry 10 % FACT as 220 kN.
A.8 Calculation of 10 % FACT wet/dry relationship (see 8.7)
TS 175
10 % FACT wet/dry relationship = × 100 = × 100 = 79,55 %
TD 220
and report the 10 % FACT wet/dry relationship as 80 %.
A.9 Calculation of water absorbed during soaking (see 8.8)

M 2 − M1
WABS = M1 × 100
3 064 − 3 048
= × 100
3 046
= 0,525
and report the water absorbed during soaking as 0,5 %.
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A.10 Calculation of uncertainty values (see 8.9)

ACV: σ = 0,4 × PD10,4
= 0,4 × 17,60,4
= 1,26
E = 0,95 σ
= 0,95 × 1,26
= 1,20
16 000
10 % FACT: σ =
6 × PD11,6
16 000
= ≈ 27
6 × 17,61,6
E = 0,95 σ
= 0,95 × 27
= 25,7556 ≈ 26
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Annex B
(informative)
Calculation of P1 and ε values

Table B.1 can be used to calculate the P1 versus ε values (%).
Table B.1 — P1 versus ε values (%)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
ε values for decimal values of P1

P1 0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9
5 2,54 2,51 2,48 2,45 2,42 2,40 2,37 2,35 2,32 2,30
6 2,28 2,25 2,23 2,21 2,19 2,17 2,15 2,13 2,11 2,09
7 2,07 2,06 2,04 2,02 2,01 1,99 1,97 1,96 1,94 1,93
8 1,91 1,90 1,89 1,87 1,86 1,85 1,83 1,82 1,81 1,80
9 1,78 1,77 1,76 1,75 1,74 1,73 1,72 1,71 1,70 1,68
10 1,67 1,66 1,65 1,65 1,64 1,63 1,62 1,61 1,60 1,59
11 1,58 1,57 1,56 1,56 1,55 1,54 1,53 1,52 1,52 1,51
12 1,50 1,49 1,49 1,48 1,47 1,46 1,46 1,45 1,44 1,44
13 1,43 1,42 1,42 1,41 1,40 1,40 1,39 1,39 1,38 1,37
14 1,37 1,36 1,36 1,35 1,35 1,34 1,33 1,33 1,32 1,32
15 1,31 1,31 1,30 1,30 1,29 1,29 1,28 1,28 1,27 1,27
16 1,26 1,26 1,25 1,25 1,24 1,24 1,24 1,23 1,23 1,22
17 1,22 1,21 1,21 1,21 1,20 1,20 1,19 1,19 1,18 1,18
18 1,18 1,17 1,17 1,17 1,16 1,16 1,15 1,15 1,15 1,14
19 1,14 1,14 1,13 1,13 1,13 1,12 1,12 1,11 1,11 1,11
20 1,10 1,10 1,10 1,09 1,09 1,09 1,09 1,08 1,08 1,08
21 1,07 1,07 1,07 1,06 1,06 1,06 1,05 1,05 1,05 1,05
22 1,04 1,04 1,04 1,03 1,03 1,03 1,03 1,02 1,02 1,02
23 1,02 1,01 1,01 1,01 1,01 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 0,99
24 0,99 0,99 0,99 0,98 0,98 0,98 0,98 0,97 0,97 0,97
25 0,97 0,96 0,96 0,96 0,96 0,95 0,95 0,95 0,95 0,95
26 0,94 0,94 0,94 0,94 0,94 0,93 0,93 0,93 0,93 0,92
27 0,92 0,92 0,92 0,92 0,91 0,91 0,91 0,91 0,91 0,90
28 0,90 0,90 0,90 0,90 0,90 0,89 0,89 0,89 0,89 0,89
29 0,88 0,88 0,88 0,88 0,88 0,88 0,87 0,87 0,87 0,87
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Table B.1 (concluded)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
ε values for decimal values of P1

P1 0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9
30 0,87 0,86 0,86 0,86 0,86 0,86 0,86 0,85 0,85 0,85
31 0,85 0,85 0,85 0,84 0,84 0,84 0,84 0,84 0,84 0,83
32 0,83 0,83 0,83 0,83 0,83 0,83 0,82 0,82 0,82 0,82
33 0,82 0,82 0,82 0,81 0,81 0,81 0,81 0,81 0,81 0,80
34 0,80 0,80 0,80 0,80 0,80 0,80 0,80 0,79 0,79 0,79
35 0,79 0,79 0,79 0,79 0,78 0,78 0,78 0,78 0,78 0,78
36 0,78 0,78 0,77 0,77 0,77 0,77 0,77 0,77 0,77 0,77
37 0,76 0,76 0,76 0,76 0,76 0,76 0,76 0,76 0,75 0,75
38 0,75 0,75 0,75 0,75 0,75 0,75 0,74 0,74 0,74 0,74
39 0,74 0,74 0,74 0,74 0,74 0,73 0,73 0,73 0,73 0,73
40 0,73 0,73 0,73 0,73 0,72 0,72 0,72 0,72 0,72 0,72
41 0,72 0,72 0,72 0,72 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71
42 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,70 0,70 0,70 0,70 0,70 0,70 0,70
43 0,70 0,70 0,70 0,70 0,69 0,69 0,69 0,69 0,69 0,69
44 0,69 0,69 0,69 0,69 0,68 0,68 0,68 0,68 0,68 0,68
45 0,68 0,68 0,68 0,68 0,68 0,68 0,68 0,67 0,67 0,67
46 0,67 0,67 0,67 0,67 0,67 0,67 0,67 0,66 0,66 0,66
47 0,66 0,66 0,66 0,66 0,66 0,66 0,66 0,66 0,66 0,66
48 0,65 0,65 0,65 0,65 0,65 0,65 0,65 0,65 0,65 0,65
49 0,65 0,65 0,64 0,64 0,64 0,64 0,64 0,64 0,64 0,64
50 0,64 0,64 0,64 0,64 0,63 0,63 0,63 0,63 0,63 0,63
51 0,63 0,63 0,63 0,63 0,63 0,63 0,63 0,62 0,62 0,62
52 0,62 0,62 0,62 0,62 0,62 0,62 0,62 0,62 0,62 0,62
53 0,62 0,61 0,61 0,61 0,61 0,61 0,61 0,61 0,61 0,61
54 0,61 0,61 0,61 0,61 0,61 0,61 0,61 0,61 0,61 0,60
55 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60
56 0,60 0,60 0,59 0,59 0,59 0,59 0,59 0,59 0,59 0,59
57 0,59 0,59 0,59 0,59 0,59 0,59 0,59 0,59 0,58 0,58
58 0,58 0,58 0,58 0,58 0,58 0,58 0,58 0,58 0,58 0,58
59 0,58 0,58 ,58 0,58 0,57 0,57 0,57 0,57 0,57 0,57
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Bibliography
SANS 3001-AG1, Civil engineering test methods – Part AG1: Particle size analysis of aggregates
by sieving.
SANS 3001-AG3, Civil engineering test methods – Part AG3: Determination of the average least
dimension of aggregates by computation.
SANS 3001-AG4, Civil engineering test methods – Part AG4: Determination of the flakiness index of
coarse aggregate.
© SABS
16
SABS – Standards Division
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SANS 3001-AG10 2012 Part AG10 ACV (Aggregate Crushing Value) and 10 % FACT (Fines Aggregate Crushing

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SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

Civil engineering test methods

Part AG10: ACV (aggregate crushing value)

Published by SABS Standards Division

This document was published in May 2012.

Annexes A and B are for information only.

2 Normative references ............................................................................................................. 3

6 Preparation of test specimens ............................................................................................... 6

9 Test report .............................................................................................................................. 10

Annex A (informative) Example of the calculation procedure .................................................. 11

Annex B (informative) Calculation of P1 and ε values .............................................................. 14

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Civil engineering test methods

SANS 241-2, Drinking water – Part 2: Application of SANS 241-1.

SANS 1649, Non-automatic self-indicating, semi-self-indicating and non-self-indicating weighing

Figure 1 — Crushing apparatus

4.8 Iron mortar, of 150 mm diameter.

4.9 Pestle, rubber-tipped.

4.10 Cloth, of chamois leather.

4.11 Spirit level (optional).

Table 1 — Sieve sizes for non-standard fractions

6 Preparation of test specimens

7.1.5 Oven-dry soaked specimens to a constant mass and allow to cool.

The subscripts apply as follows:

b) "i" denotes any test point from 1 to 3;

c) "R" indicates material retained; and

d) "P" indicates material passing.

7.1.8 Calculate the percentage fines generated, PC1 (see 8.1).

7.2 Second and third points (10 % FACT)

NOTE 2 A table to assist with the calculations is given in annex B.

PCi is the percentage of fines generated;

i is the specimen number.

8.2 Calculate the ACV using the following equation:

AC is the percentage fines, PC1.

ε > |PC3 – 10|

NOTE The value of ε may be obtained from table B.1.

b) When ε < |PC2 – 10|

TS is the soaked 10 % FACT;

TD is the dry 10 % FACT.

WABS is the water absorbed as moisture content, expressed as a percentage (%);

Table 2 — Typical σ and E values

Example of the calculation procedure

M1ave = 3 048 g for the soaked specimens

M2ave = 3 064 g for the soaked specimens

A.2 Calculation of percentage fines generated (see 8.1)

A.3 Calculation of the ACV (see 8.2)

A.6 Calculation of the acceptance condition (ε) (see 8.5)

|PD3 – 10| = |9,9 – 10| = 0,1

ε > |PD3 – 10|

Therefore the test is not repeated.

A.7 Calculation of the dry 10 % FACT (see 8.6)

Therefore use 8.6 to calculate 10 % FACT

(FD2 + FD3 ) (227 + 216 )

and report the dry 10 % FACT as 220 kN.

A.8 Calculation of 10 % FACT wet/dry relationship (see 8.7)

and report the 10 % FACT wet/dry relationship as 80 %.

A.9 Calculation of water absorbed during soaking (see 8.8)

and report the water absorbed during soaking as 0,5 %.

A.10 Calculation of uncertainty values (see 8.9)

Calculation of P1 and ε values

Table B.1 — P1 versus ε values (%)