Industrial Training Presentation

At
DOORDARSHAN KENDRA , GUWAHATI

Submitted In The Partial Fulfillment of The Requirement For The 7th Semester

Bachelor of Technology
in
Electronics & Communication Engineering

Presented By - Under The Guidence of -

Rijit Moira Mr. P. K. Goswami
(1181700065) Deputy General Director
DDK, Guwahati

Tiguna Sen School of Technology

ASSAM UNIVERSITY, SILCHAR
Assam - 788011
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. History
3. DDK, Guwahati
4. Satellite Communication
5. Various Sections Of Doordarshan Kendra
6. Earth Station, Transmitter, Receiver
7. Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
 Doordarshan is the national public service broadcaster of India and a
division of Prasar Bhrati, and nominated by the Goverment of India,
Established in 1959.
 Doordarshan offers a wide range of programming, including news,
entertainment, educational content, and cultural programs. It broadcasts in
various languages spoken across India, catering to the diverse linguistic and
cultural landscape of the country.
 Doordarshan has played a significant role in shaping the cultural land- scape
of India. It has been instrumental in popularizing regional languages and
dialects, promoting traditional art forms, and showcasing India’s rich
cultural heritage to the world.
HISTORY
 Doordarshan was established on September 15, 1959, as an
autonomous body under the Ministry of Information and
Broadcasting, Government of India.
 Doordarshan gradually expanded its reach and programming during
the 1970s and 1980s. It introduced regional services, broadcasting
in various languages spoken across India.
 In the late 1980s, Doordarshan aired highly popular mythological
epics like ”Ramayana” and ”Mahabharata.” These series garnered
record-breaking viewership and became cultural phenomena,
solidifying Doordarshan’s place in Indian television history.
DDK, GUWAHATI
 Doordarshan Kendra, Guwahati was established in 1982. The first
transmit- ter was a 100-watt LPT. The transmitter was upgraded to
a 10-kilowatt HPT in 1985. An interim studio was set up in
Panbazar in 1985.
 Doordarshan Kendra, Guwahati has won the ”Best Maintained
Kendra” in Northeast for the year 2009-10.
 It serves the northeastern region of India, particularly the state of
Assam, and broadcasts programs in various languages spoken in the
region, including Assamese, Bengali, English, and other local dialects.
SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
 Satellite communication technology enhances the reach and
accessibility of Doordarshan’s broadcasting services, making it an
essential component of India’s television landscape.
 Doordarshan has a network of satellite earth stations strategi- cally
located across India. These earth stations facilitate the uplinking
and downlinking of television signals, ensuring nationwide
coverage.
 Uplinking involves the transmission of television signals from a
ground- based facility, typically a satellite earth station or a
broadcasting studio, to a communication satellite in geostationary
orbit.
 Downlinking refers to the reception of signals from a satellite
by ground-based receivers or antennas.
(Cont….)
 Propagation Modes Propagation modes refer to the
different ways in which signals, such as electromagnetic waves or
acoustic waves, propagate through a medium or space.
 Different types of propagation modes use in doordarshan-
 1. Line-of-Sight (LOS) propagation.
 2. Ground wave propagation.
 3. Sky wave propagation.
 Antennas :doordarshan utilizes various types of antennas for both
receiving and transmitting television signals.
Types of antennas used by Doordarshan:
1. Parabolic Dish Antennas
2.Yagi-Uda Antennas
3. Log-Periodic Antennas
 VARIOUS SECTIONS OF DOORDARSHAN
KENDRA

Studio Camera PCR MSR

Earth Station

Satellite

TV Antenna Terrestrial
Transmitter
(CONT…)
 TV Studio: Doordarshan has two studio halls. One is used
as news room and the other one is used for shooting various
programs.
 Components of TV studio
 1.Camera.
 2.Lighting.
 3.Microphones.
 4.Vision Mixer and Audio consoles.
 5.MSR.
 6.VCR/servers.
 7.Post production and video effects.
 8.Supporting services like AC, UPS.
(Cont…)
 TV cameras typically use a charge-coupled device (CCD) or
a complemen- tary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)
sensor to capture images. These sensors convert light into
electrical signals, which are then processed to cre- ate the
video signal.
 Lighting is a fundamental aspect of television production and
video record- ing, crucial for creating visually appealing and
professional-looking images.
 Basic Point Lighting
1. Key Light.
2. Fill Light.
3. Backlight.
4. Background Light.
(Cont…)
 Microphones:A microphone is an acoustic to electric transducer or
sensor that converts sound in to an electrical signal.
 Types of Microphones utilises in Doordarshan:
 1. Condenser Microphone.
 2. Dynamic Microphone.
 3. Ribbon Microphone.
 4. Piezoelectric Microphone.
 5. Lavalier Microphone.
(cont…)
 PCR: A production control room (PCR) is a central hub within a
television studio or broadcasting facility where the technical
aspects of a production are coordinated and controlled. It serves as
the nerve center for managing various elements of a live or
recorded broadcast, ensuring that everything runs smoothly and
according to plan.
 key components and functions typically found in a
production control room:
 1.Video Switching
 2.Audio Mixing
 3.Graphics and Effects
 4. Monitoring and Control
 5. Playback and Recording
 6.Technical Support

Production Control room(PCR)

(cont..)

 MSR: The "master switching room" in the context of

Doordarshan likely refers to a central facility within the
broadcasting network where the switching of video
signals and other broadcast-related operations are
coordinated and controlled.
 It includes video monitors, satellite receivers ,
transmission equipment etc.
 It is the final point before a signal is transmitted
over-the-air for terrestrial television.
 (Cont…)
 Technical areas associated with Master Switching Room (MSR) are:
(i) Camera control unit (CCU) ,
(ii) Light control unit(LCU).
(iii) Audio control room (ACR).
(iv) Video tape recording room(VTR).
(v) Digital library store(DLS) .
(vi) Video graphic or paint box(PB).

ccu
OB Van

 An OB Van, short for Outside Broadcasting Van, is a specialized vehicle

used for on-location broadcasting of live events, news coverage, sports
events, concerts, and other productions.
 Key features and components typically found in an OB Van:
 (i) Production Area.
 (ii) Vision Mixer.
 (iii) Audio Mixer.
 (iv) Camera Control.
 (v) Video Monitors.
 (vi) Graphics and Character Generators.
 (vii) Communication Systems.
 (viii) Transmission Equipment.
OB Van
 (ix) Power Supply.
 (x) Storage and Recording.
Earth Station,Transmitter and Receiver

 An Earth station, also known as a ground station or satellite ground

sta- tion, is a terrestrial facility designed to communicate with
satellites in orbit around the Earth.
 components and functions of an Earth station:
 1. Antenna
 2. Upconverter and Downconverter
 3. Modems
 4. Baseband Equipments
 5. Power Supply
 6.Controlling and monitoring unit
Earth Staion
(cont…)

 Transmitters: Transmitters are responsible for sending out

television signals over the airwaves. Doordarshan Kendra,
Guwahati has two (2) nos. of 10KW solid state transmitters
meant for terrestrial transmission.
 Receivers: In an Earth station, receivers are part of the equipment
used to receive signals from satellites in orbit. These signals typically
include television broadcasts, data feeds, and other communications
transmitted by satellites.

Fig: Transmitter
Conclusion

 The training at Doordarshan Kendra Guwahati has allowed me to

collaborate with professionals in the field, fostering networking
opportu- nities and expanding my professional contacts. The
exposure to the working environment of a broadcasting station has
also helped me cultivate essential soft skills such as teamwork,
communication, and adaptability.