History
the art and science of investigating and
recording past human events thst are definite in
time and space and place, social in nafure,and
socially significant.
Sources: It's two types the Primary and
Secondary
documents
archaeological records- artifacts (man-made)
and ecofacts (fossils and remains of
microorganisms)
oral/ video accounts
>corroborate/corroboration- do not rely on one
side, use to judge both sides.
3 state exist in 1898
*Felipinas
*Maguindanao
*Sulu Sultanate
Moros consider as piraticas(pirates) they do
slave raiding
We need to rewrite history its because do need
to tell about Aetas
Sultan Kudarat ( Thunderbolt of Lucifer)
Bukidnon (Monteses named in the time of
Spaniards)
Pre-16th Century of the PH
Datu/Barangay System( the leader is called
datu, omalohokan or the public announcer
trial by ordeal-
Social Class divided into three (Nobles,
Freemen, Oripon/Alipin-aliping namamahay has
property
aliping saguigilid has no property
upper part-kanggan- male outfit
lower part- bahag/que
for female upper part baro
lower part saya/tapis
(deflower)sagra&tugbuk(buletas) insert in penis
tattoos serves as war medals
pintados the one who made tattoos
urban legends and belief is under in pre-16th
century as well
baylan/babaylan or the healer
bayoguin- gorgeous male
in terms economic introduced the barter system
TRI-PEOPLE OF MINDANAO
-Indigenous Christians
-Lumad only applied here in Mindanao it's term
referring the IP in Mindanao in1868 remain in
their original religion
Moros- consist of 13 ethnolinguistic
Mindanawon convert in Islam
Subanen(people in the river) IP in Zamboangas
Kolibugan
Manobo/Mamanwa, Bagobo, Mandaya,
Mansaka, Dibabawon, Tagakaolo-Davao
Maranao-Lake Lanao
Tausug-Sulu, Tawi-tawi, Maguindanao
5% of Badjao are Moros
Jesus Piralta-
Badjao/Sama Dilaut/Sama Jengjang
T'boli- they are dream weavers(t'nalak)
Cotabato-Manobo, B'laan, Tiruray
Manobo-is the largest IP group
13 Ethno Moro-Maranao, Maguindanao, Iranun,
Tausug, Sama(Dilaut, Sama Bangigue),
Sangil/Sanguil, Kalagan, Jama Mapun, Molbog,
Palawan
ISLAM-Salam means peace
Islam have the 5 Pillars
1. Shahadah/Profession of Faith
2.Salah/ 5x Daily Prayer
3.Saun/Fasting(exception Lactating, Traveler,
Sick People)
4.Zakat/ Charity or the giving
5.Hajj/ Pilgrimage to Mecca(to know if the
Muslim is already in Mecca if his name has
Hadji, Hadja
RENNAISSANCE
United States of America
Canada
10 members except East Timor or Tiimor Leste
in Asean
The peak of Renaissance Period is in 16 and
17th century
The Greek and Roman Civilization
Europe is called Dark Ages
Feudalism( compose of nobles and serfs)
Constantinupul or the Turkey
(silk, ceramic, and spices)- three main products
in Asia
Ottoman Turks blocks the
Constantinople(Turkey)
Three route that pass through in Turkey- Silk
Road, Grand Trunk, Venetian R.
tierra incognito(land of the unknown)
Spain and Portugal are the two Kingdom who
sent an expedition
Portugal:
Spain:
1. Christopher Colum Portugal:
1. Prince Henry -discovered Cape Verde
2. Bartholomeo Diaz -
3. Vasco de Gama -arrived in Calicut, India
bus
Amerigo Vespucci named America after him
Spain:
1. Christopher Columbus - a Genoan; fan of
Marco Polo; want to go to China but arrived in
America and he called it India because he
believe that it is India
2.Fernao de Magalhais- Ferdinand Magellan-
1519 (270 group)started his travel with Victoria,
Concepcion, Trinidad, Santiago, San Antonio
Pope Aelxander da six- Rodrigo de Borja
Inter Caetera- Treaty of Tordesillas( Treaty of
Zaragosa under this treaty Ph is under the
Portugal)
Cape Azores somewhere in Atlantic Ocean
They named Pacific OceanMar Pacifico or the
calm sea
Marianas Island or Guam today
Chamoros- native of northern marianas
Isla de Ladrones- island of Thieves
March 16, 1521- Homonhon, Samar
Limasawa - first mass happen
Cebu- Rajah Humabon
gihatagan og Santo Nino
Enrique de Malacca- an interpreter- first person
to circumnavigated the world
1. theres a theory
Lapu-Lapu
an aliance is form
April 1521- was killed in that battle
3 ships- Victoria and Trinidad survive
Trinidad going back to westward succesfully
arive Spain
Sebastian el Cano- wala nila nadefine ang
ending point,
Loaysa
Cabot
Saavedra-√ niabot sa Sarangani
Villalobos-√(Islas de Felipinas) honor to King
Philip
Legazpi-√(1565)Miguel Lopez de Legazpi- first
governor of the PH
Islas de San Lazaru- the day of the feast of St.
Lazarus named by Magellan Ancient Trade
Routes
- Silk Road/Northern Route
- Grand Trunk/Central Route
- Venetian Route/Southern Route
Sebastian el Cano - leds the ship "Victoria"
Arrival of Magellan and Legazpi
Spain send an expedition led by :
1. Loaysa
2. Cabot
3. Alvavo de Saavedra
4. Ray Lopez de Villalobos- died in Moluccas
(isla de Felipinas- Francis Xavier attended his
burial
5. Miguel Lopez de Legazpi (1564-1565) – first
governor of the Philippines, named Cebu as
Santisimo Nombre de Jesus or the most holy
name of Jesus
-Francis Xavier went to panay
-Manila- Ruled by Raja Sulayman assisted by
-Port in Manila
-in 1571-Rajah Sulayman will be defeated
As a sign of arrival( panuto) -took it invasive,
Maynila as El Nuevo Reyna de Castila (Most
distinguished and ever loyal city if Spain)
POLITICAL STRUCTURE
Legazpi introduced Reduccion/es the barangay
lost its economy
Pueblo/Town
Its design includes:
1. Church in the Center
2. Plaza in the South
3. Municipal Hall in the East
4. School in the West
Because Philippines is far from Spain
Spain--->Viceroyalty of Mexico--->Council of
Indies
•Central Government (Gov-Gen)had to be
peninsulares (pure blooded Spaniard born in
Peninsula (Spain) Royal Audencia, General)
-Patronato Real
Special power (Right to Complase) -Right to
suspend the laws in Colony
5 major power
1. Legislative
2. Judicial
3. Executive
4. Church
5. Military
-Special power (Right to Complase) -Right to
suspend the laws in Colony
•Provincial Government (Alcalde Mayor
Corrigidor)
2 Types of provinces
1. Alcaldia-led by alcalde mayor
2. Corrigimiento-led by corregidor(military)
Indulto de comercio/right to engage in
commerce (cash/in kind)
•Municipal Government (Gobernadorcillo)
Introduced Reducciones (strategy)
-Cura Paroco
Frailocracia/frailocracy(government of the
friars)-type of government that we have during
the time of Spaniards
-was assisted by the Cabeza de Barangay(only
position that the indios can have)
The only way to salvation is to give donation to
church
Anti-clergy-Jose Rizal and friends
Visita -Visitador General
Residencia- public tribunal
Spaniards introduced corruption
Datu gives tributes
ECONOMIC IMPOSITIONS
Economic Impositions:
1. Encomienda (Land Grabbing)
The office is assigned to Encomiendero-
former conquistador
Functions of Encomiendero:
1. Educate the natives in Encomienda
2. Protect the native of Encomienda
3. Help propagate/ helps in propagation of
Christianity
4. Encomiendero is allowed to:
1. Collect taxes
2. Extract Polo Y Servicio
Encomiendero can’t/ not allowed to do:
1. Not allowed to build his own house in
Encomienda
2. Not allowed to stay in encomienda for 24 hrs
2.Polo y Servicio (Forced Labor)
all men 16-60/18-60 years old are required to
give services to the government for 40 days
- They are called polistas and they are
given salary
- falla- pay for exemption
1. They are given salary for their work
2. They are given food rations
3. They are assigned within their area only
4. They are not required to work in
planting and harvest season
3.Paying of Taxes
18-60 years old all men need to pay back taxes
which is 8-12 reales
taxes can be cash or in kind
In kind taxes can be in any fom like,
If the tax is 12 reales, you can give:
4 reales in cash
4 reales equivalent for 10 pounds of rice
2 reales equivalent to 3 chickens
2 reales equivalent to 10 bananas
Mexican money only have 2 domination.
Everything revolves around taxes
Marcello del Pilar said “Everything shall not die
without the consent of the Friar”
4.Galleon Trade
-3 countries engage in this trade
system(Mexico, Philiplines(under Spain
colonixation), and China)
- In Manila Acapulco Galeon Trade, Men
became:
1. Kargador
2. Builders of Galeon ships
5.Bandala System( mandatory selling of
goods)
-According to scholars, this is the reason why
the natives become poor.
-it is the mandatory selling of goods in the
government natives.
- they are given quotas per month
-the government assigned crops for every
province to plant
-they are not allowed to plant anything except
for the assigned crop/goods in their place,
example:
Illocos is assigned to plant Tabacco and Negros
is Sugarcane
-the government did not paid them properly
that’s why some of them became tulisans like
the character “Ilias” in Dr.Jose Rizal’s novel
1565- Legazpi arrived
1898- Philippine Revolution( Emilio Agunialdo)
1896- Katipunan Revolution( Andres Bonifacio)
Reasons of Late Development
1. Geographical Characteristics of the
Philippines
2.Passport- ancient practice to require
passports in the form of cedula
3. Language Barrier- Filipinos have linguistice
differences and they are regionalistic by nature
Cebuano – superior language
Only scholars and Spaniards are allowed
to learn other language
4.Divide et empira/ divide & rule
DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONALISM
Nationalist- value in loyalty, it requires sacrifice
thinking the general welfare.
Patriotism- value responsibility
FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF FILIPINO
NATIONALISM:
1. Opening of the Phils. to Inti'l trade
-1850’s (Industrial Revolution)
-Europeans invented mode of
communication and Transportation
-oil source of electricity
2.Spread of Liberal Ideas
- Social contract- if the government fails
to satisfied the people then, the people have
the rights to overthrow the government and
build a new one.
John Locke and Jean Jacques Ronsseu- both
engaged in social contract
French revolution - 1789
King Louis XVII of France married to Marie
Antoniette of Austria
The Palace of Versailles- consider the mother of
all palace
-The people demand bread to the palace but
the queen gave them cake
Reasons:
1.Draught/ Scarcity
2. War in America
3.Difference of 3 states in social class of clans-
they vote by estate and since the clergy and
nobility will always go against the mass, the
mass will have no voice in the estate even if
they are the tax payers
3 States of France
1st Estate( clergy) 1% do not pay tax
2nd Estate(Nobility) 5% of the France
population do not pay tax
3rd Estate( Rest of the population)-
pays tax but no voice in the estate
-King Louis XVI(1789)- executed in public
through guillotine
-Queen Marie Antoinette(1790)- also executed
through guillotine
-Napoleon Bonaparte- spread and introduced
the idea of liberalism. His brother is Joseph
Bonaparte.
-liberte', egalite', fraternite' means liberty,
freedom, and brotherhood
3.Rise of the Middle Class
- propaganda of Rizal and friends
4.Principalia (Secularization Controversy)
They evict Jesuits because the accused the of
overthrowing the King
5.Liberal regime of Carlos Ma. de la Torre -
Carlos Ma. dela Torre -Liberal(introduce
freedom)
Rafael de Izquierdo- became dela Torre’s
replacement .Conservative about paying of
taxes and polo y servicio)
“I will rule in the Philppines with sword
in my hand and Bible in the other”
6.Cavite Mutiny-1872
- basta kato ning gi fucker out si
Bonifacio(NEXT CHAPTER KAPOY TYPE YAWA!)
7.Execution of GOMBURZA(1872)
-10 (1872-18182) yrs the spaniards celebrate
because there is no revolution happen
- GOUMBURZA found guilty of treason.
Paciano is an apprentice of father Burgos and
the brother of Rizal
PROPAGANDA (1882)
-direct effect of execution of GOMBURZA
-they turn over schools to the government
which leads to
1. The students only memorizes the book
2. The students memorizes the Bible
3. They are not allowed to use the tools/
equipments in the school. Only for
obeservations purposes.
La Solidaridad- mouthpiece of propaganda,
newspaper of propaganda
Assimilation-for the philippines becomes the
province of spain and not a colony pf spain.
Benefits of Assimilation
1. They will have rights just like what
rights the Spaniards have.
2. They will become the citizen of Spain
3. They will become a fellow of Spain
Triumvirate-
Rizal
Graciano Lopez-Jaena
Marcello del pilar- wrote for the mass
Propaganda failed because:
1.Propagandist has own internal issues. Some
wants Rizal, others wants Lopez.
2. Spain could not address the reforms wanted
by the propagandist
3. Lack of financial support
-when rizal back to philippines, wanted to
continue La Liga Filipina on July 3,1892
-Andres Bonifacio- reads and translates Rizal
works
-Andres bonifacio send Dr. Pio Valenzuela to
convince him to join te revolution
-Jose Rizal rejects the proposal because he
thinks that the Philippines is not ready for
revolution or freedom
- Rizal also volunteered to be a medical
assistant in Cuba
- On his way to Cuba, he is arrested and
accused of being the brain of Katipuanan and
was sent back to the Philippines
Reasons/evidences that pointed out Rizal being
the brain of Ktipunan
1. Because of Andress
Bonifacio’s( supreme and one of the
founders of Katipunan)
admiration/respect to Rizal, “Rizal”
became the password of every secret
transaction
2. Every Katipunan area has Rizal’s image
3. Rizal’s name was used for donations
4. Rizal became the honorary president of
Katipunan
-Revolution wants/ ultimate goal is
independence
- independence is the only way for “total
separation of mother spain”
-Filipinos wants their own identity, territory,
and sovereignty
-wealthy class did not support KKK
-Teodoro Patino shared the story of Katipunan
to his sister and his sister told the mother
superiora, then the mother superiora told
Fr.Mariano Gil
Fr. Mariano Gil- sees the evidences that
katipunan really exist.
Pugad Lawin – (Cry of Katipunan)the tearing of
Cedula and the start of revolution
1896- katipunan revolution
1898-Philippine revolution
Emilio Aguinaldo- cavite, magdalo -1 loss
Andres Bonifacio- magdiwang- win
-meet at Tejeros Convention where assembly
of katipunan convention happened.
-They invited Andres Bonifacio to become
mediator.
-When you’re a mediator you should be neutral.
-Andres Bonifacio nominated as president
-Emilio Aguinaldo won through absentia
because he was in Cavite
-Director of Interior- Andres Bonifacio won 1. Christopher Columbus - a Genoan; fan of
Marco Polo; want to go to China but arrived in
Daniel Tirona opposed and said “sir the most fit America and he called it India because he
of that position is someone educated and a believe that it is India
lawyer”
2. Ferñao de Magalhais (Ferdinand Magellan)
-Andres Bonifacio walked out.
-from Portugal
-Naik Militang Agreement: military
-5 ships; 270 crew
-the election happened was not recognized
-3 ship remains
-King Charles

Ancient Trade Routes

Pacific Ocean is very calm so they named it Mar
- Silk Road/Northern Route Pacifico
- Grand Trunk/Central Route Chamorros- natives of Guam
- Venetian Route/Southern Route

Isla de Ladrones(Island of the Thieves)

Age of Crusades

March 16,1521 they sighted the mounts of

Ottoman Turks blocks the Homonhon
Constantinople(Turkey)

In Limasawa:
Tierra Incognito(Land of the Unknown) Rajah Humabon
- Santo Niño given to his wife and converted to
Portugal: Christian

1. Prince Henry -discovered Cape Verde - enemy of Lapu-lapu

2. Bartholomeo Diaz -
3. Vasco de Gama -arrived in Calicut, India Enrique de Malacca

Two ships remained

Pope Alexander VI (Rodrigo de Borja) Victoria

Inter Caetera--->Treaty of Tordesillas Trinidad

Conception

Spain: Santiago
San Antonio

Magellan named the Philippines Islas de San

Lazaru
Sebastian el Cano - leds the ship "Victoria"

Treaty of Zaragosa

Spain send expeditions led by

1. Loaysa
2. Cabot
3. Alvaro de Saavedra
4. Ruy Lopez de Villalobos(Isla de Felipinas)
Francis Xavier- attended his burial
5. Miguel Lopez de Legazpi(1564-1565) - first
governor in the Philippines
-Named CEBU as Santissimo Nombre de Jesus
-Went to Panay Island
-in 1571-Rajah Sulayman will be defeated
-Declared Manila as El Nuevo Reyna de Castila

1565-Spaniards arrived led by Legazpi

1896-Katipunan Revolution
1898-Philippine Revolution