just starting to learn the basics

of volleyball. The main focus is

on skill acquisition, which
means learning the
fundamental techniques and
rules of the game. The physical
preparation is minimal, as the
goal is to develop general
fitness and coordination. The
competition experience and
mental preparation are also low,
as the emphasis is on fun and
enjoyment rather than winning
or losing.
- Basic training: This phase is
for 10 to 13 year olds who have
mastered the basic skills and
are ready to improve their
performance. The focus is still
on skill acquisition, but with
more complexity and variety.
The physical preparation is
increased, as the goal is to
develop specific fitness and
strength for volleyball. The
competition experience and
mental preparation are also
increased, as the emphasis is
on learning how to cope with
pressure and challenges in a
competitive environment.
- Competition: This phase is for
14 year olds and above who
have reached a high level of
skill and physical preparation
and are aiming for excellence.
The focus is on skill
performance, which means
applying the skills in different
situations and strategies. The
physical preparation is
maintained, as the goal is to
optimize the fitness and
recovery for peak performance.
The competition experience
and mental preparation are
high, as the emphasis is on
achieving the best possible
results and overcoming
obstacles and setbacks.

Integrating periodic testing and

monitoring programs is
important to track an athlete’s
progress and make
adjustments to the training
plan.

The cool-down begins the

recovery process, helps in
removing waste products, and
reduces soreness. It should
include a gradual reduction of
intensity, hydration, and
stretching.

take rest periods between

different types of training in the
day

- The model training session for

skill acquisition has four
components: warm-up, skill
learning, skill practice, and
cool-down. The total time is 90
minutes. The goal is to learn
new skills or improve existing
ones.
- The model training session for
skill refinement under
conditions of fatigue has five
components: warm-up, skill
practice, fatigue induction, skill
practice under fatigue, and
cool-down. The total time is
120 minutes. .

different mesocycles structures

to different athletes and sports

One method for classifying

microcycles centers on the
number of training sessions
per
week.
The duration of each phase
varies depending on the
athlete’s level, the type of event,
and the competition schedule.
The pre-competition phase
lasts from 3 to 7 days and aims
to reduce fatigue, increase
readiness, and fine-tune skills
and tactics.
The competition phase lasts
from 1 to 3 days and involves
performing at the highest level
possible, managing stress, and
applying strategies and
techniques.

The post-competition phase

lasts from 1 to 2 days and
focuses on evaluating the
performance, identifying
strengths and weaknesses, and
celebrating achievements.

The recovery phase lasts from