AIChE xR TSetimic SURFACE $etaut 1 may be tem peredion, dunsity Conunhehon SCALAR Fieip: $ (47,2) (Ly Distinction €7 ‘Valuer’ Vn spece Di Neti gueshens rey be? — Hes doce 4 chenys tm © giuen dechin = Plow woud gd chomgs dew te shmuticbiin — Hew ome $6172) State Shoe oH ot Sturm ak bec Urctly creliprs Writ. Surfer Cisot mic Surface ) Pryy=c, & © Stoby pom (Fla, qrediont, ete.) YEX et YS tah Clardos veer ) n . : We Lamt te map p> ¢ tof DP aysdxet dy ytdth on ¥—> yor By define the discrectness f th field Defends on the Prepurty 3 Phineme non 4 thtenet . = OF Ob o 40d oe Shox 1b eg Bh as = dt = (BE aP5 +2e he) Cea vey] eda ) c a EYP Cabse clad qree(f)— vector ) Pde Ydeoy sy 24425 -2t —@ 4 9 Gensel, Colinewiced Co-ardinchs (42U t SPhvirel Co-trdinete. Cx, ©, ¢) Y¥-2%+4412 O04, 1 2% : | a ?AIChE Remarns OTS dy & tomgt t byw =6, Surfee 2 aq¢=0 > Yer) +4420 > v4 ak Suefece recone - (28) a =), ¢ =, lek ests a > 2 < =F Umit vectr We dy dicho » - IS fer \ te wade =) Np “yee Cee ae 4 Th dS Fmakl cw Combnvois [sf Medimeum bn nuvmel direchin y ie Gaby lotl=[@-c) Seis Jog | L a | esl be “Gladys a oe = Bees Mi (ha) > a WL IE Gly ° lela) “HL eg > [BL ]_o Olea leg] MAximom GRADIRWT oF ScALAR FieLD 1S IN THE ‘Rokmac ! DIRECTION D> Divechiom P fleur CO Flin a gredrant _)AIChE Yercvery Furcr Teor F Ambient Fonctioy Tesnem (F (ue Seq 2m oskpek Svejee gf C47, 2 ) = Cons tent x pet) =) Suvjoe le written a2 : 4 CK Y BELG ) = Comtentet (> 2-2Ky) ? donvedtp oe (eusebty ) ee ee oe Rex Fyre : : 2 ) xy io whe, Ch -4,) fad, Ode a TG tx Coe ndepindat * From Se “cy Ow $41) 3 xy) Cre Remuk © Th may he Sulube| *9O b ret chely te Consider tun Surfeces: 4,26, be, TH thag lwlony te different familie DP Nermde MIP ty $26 od ec crt het Porcitel Limeneey iver arreny 4G edseg BG)” Vax “Yoog) I$, xd = 264 4), Wd) BG 4) yr a ae 34, ab _ at, ad, “U2 ) Se : Od dy ao 2 BE oy TACOBIAN enpeD TFT; * - Th eS re ur 2C4 dy) Th, FID t= » pare —- aay * a hoo : Y= Ht) =RG) yAIChE 7) BD] Come as wtersichin P 4evo Suvjecs Trtegret Curve —> Gvemetive form qa corm m 20 Cure VY. £60 wo tel), yoy] the tr f XY trees tu Cree Cume, C104 G 2) ae fw by = Ys Pa): C4450 $00) 2 hw grasmut Ft ¥ Coal Fr) a torn ce) a= Pe a eee t-0 1 (G06 ) stent CA) #22 Coop) fal turn Ce) Fre cotimeot Ts Ccusnot, acout, p ) 2h Ge 20 Oe) Fitay2 Rbp0 c Sey OCH xtty-t ' a : - ’ OS yeduo=gey & He tyre . P= hex) = heey 4 Core CFrem Getendd Tmplet funckyn The xt. d gett ce Magoo etext le dehy = | 7 ch) a. =(19,-2%, 6 7? Bin, a oo. A it 2 Iyeureye y, ' at — ¢ et Ss 7 a liye, 5 FO-O* La) Be 0 \ Rel, ae 7 co: Xf } , wed ee) Cg a 1i Sturfece & | defied B by rmormac oo TAN Gey UiAyu=6,— > Yur n c Cxey, ye acy) —a (48 oe =T=(RGR2) Te Cb elim em S 2 6 && fowticuley Soliton f Uc thn WeTso > 4 6 Ok, + Ry a on - Tits e)less @ Oe + Ro 2128 =o Perry w= Eg Com Okisags be les ye 2xPraaxd in terme oe Minc= oF | fe Aunt ee 3 jadeb) rhea) PRRLEN STAtTaEmeny ef) lea ay Gon first orde parhel dHenmtiel oy Pon) Hone Wis ise en : ) The Soliton ; UCrxy 7,2) io Strfer Suck” Eno thy Carne C2 B) is om ty Suvfoc . Physiect Tturbim Avsucl gethon i. eee Order Vimar Pee VC 9,2) & tempt Coe om Surfer Wat thin FR + O24 aden 8g CHO, 2) & Cols INTEGRAL CoB dD (Pa RD o Ae oe PI OSE RO 29 meg le Gatien Giluhin, os men Surfed Com Corde, Un Clrtne C= C85, BJ fu, 4, ave lixavly independent , UF Yur x Pus Fo = Dey ta) Oly ue) Bleu, wy) ~ sy § to ' TED 5 Buy [BY Be \l 7 ml (ee CE i) on gu, | SH Resi = oeAIChE Soltuhim to I+ Order Pde megaman A denen rd +026 +22 =o ROR awe Suchins a | 2 \ XE meee oh, a 4, = oe Bo. a. FS Vv >> th fle & abe, | dx Pane) Vector ficta 2 Seg APD RMGZY= 0 th vuprnentabon in (Db om Remevk > In = 20 ExOMILE Ta xB gy DE tod ro fire Utky rw x ag , ao dx ld Wo fae hay oy merely oe! "Do dexy ste! ees » dt 2 BU, FRE oO ck Ya BW pa enxgW 5 Sole _ Og Be ae ea 2 de 2492 x fyey = rer EY 7 Xt xy Xe yg 2 wa oye | : 2 -h s xXex 2 - db oe de Py xy - d : = Gy oS & [Bt |e 2 us xe lysaye # feats : Cope) e+e 2. dlaxtbyta) _ GPEEG HC eve CrrtontsAIChE Cy tay 28 + ye Oey) ae SF <0 Solve dy dy. de = OExtAD > a7. do4a 2 ne = Onley YX Cyt 4 (ery) Gl Oz)” 2 dey ga : 2 Ue (ey) ct > (xy) dexyg) = 2d? Dv va : Way ae Solution to Mode pes Apart fron ei) 2 See Pee Grothe apprech & as be dX = Geox th 7 4h dy Sie vee. x > os oh thy +ha =f Pt horf eR AX pg | eyes ? Pk &fthO the AX = fx thay thyda ~—® @® follows Exmmecg sox 2 dy 2 de ee HED = doy, xD ee) 80ey) XO Fa NOY) oe oF.rtrCrC—— Cy oO tt Xstmowa) » ax =e Yy oe a aac - dX ee ee 4 o OLE | Boyer ay | =) Ra Cost. zy On (xy) = Cont > Wsxya eck Uy : KOGA TAG A-KD14ARO)-) Fo OK ORE KEW YR AYA) HR WKY) XY = Xy2 [9-7 ex 4247 FO okAIChE Ot for oe Uvenn \ ovder Pde Seg Lenya) & Ssulicheon ff POLy ld Guy aug +ELyy 2) Uy = ame Up FO. Tan by implict function theorem , La a-le , Wlae-ly ox uy 29 ce PP Oly RU 25 3 i ly Uy Gy, —% is > Rupe Muy Rly <0 Pay Da, GX eRluoa 7 GEncrne SoLLTion to Lincar 1% CORDELL foc: at a ead Tet Feu u,)o Tx? OF My OF WM som wu, ax "UL SK > PR 4oF +R = BE CP 40 Uy +Ruy ne oF LP os Be =o Seca eolee sa) | oo Tro, UY ty am Sn € Ply HO, + Rly =o then FOU u)ec & eda © ddechin = Seg Flu ju,)= Uu, = XA 2% shy ce de? = Uy = 2K2E Check Us = xp 2c ag yg This & Qucsi Lamar I order Pee LA Ges sgl Solichin to Plry Ux 4A Gay, + BU Duy : ]AIChE ) a ra a > oy. eH) DU, = ; = oe ps mw xg © Wye ley ey Origve Sou. + Pt orpet poe Imma Varuc PRoacem + CAucHy PRo@ bE Playa) 2 +PCuya)a, = Roy 2) We Silthin io 2ePtK4) Ca Unigh« surfer ) Tritt Cuvee XK), g°4C). ter =e —© Trier date, BO) = WAC, YI, ter > Fe umigue Selm. Cxaet iff Oe PO 4,2) 4 Fe Oe YS FO CR) (i) Tafinite Sely exah uf, xe fag aye = _dB/d- : Mo tse Pex a, ) © 066,4,%) ane Ne Seln exet UY SAK MH 8 (Ccomstent ) torya) 044,32) 7 lat Dake gy Rey 2) ko: The Sdn Sufece 207 )26 vn 29D mart Conterin the cue 2 Comm pena, Example ee cae 1 Cy by ty = KY iat Fes Yel pete 9 Bot 2 Rete sy 2esde East. Pong aye reecate 1, OU 15 ROK a eked : — ea Pe txwse J, GOe iis ee OK ee Ge & ce 2 Uns telet 2 Het, Ueto conPsae 3 FF Uy, =l- le i Ur z Sa ae eat - Bsns 2 W220 D 2+ Out 2-7 = 4 2 244-7) 4 CONEY Oe} Sy SO SDE: =AIChE VECT© R FIGCLD VY lxy,e) — Similer te Scolar field Ulxy 2) depres by Surfe u VOG2VD A Convinionh weg te visratge is Lire ef flows Lin ¢ dase: (eco, yar 2), ter TR Y= (ROR) x axl? dt Fer dy gp on ee H We heve Steaks how te older CCF trompb pig ) For exemple, € Kergerecy) get, dyeg : ge Rok, Th nchore hoo aspety BC vector opurcdiems) <9 the Sule Gre Ff bene Irtert - Grad ¥) = YY Corl (¥) = BY Loe Loh explore fhe Phisict Cmceguence 4 thse opicchos om vecoritr A spcunme Veco Fiero: BD CSeLe weer vector Fico) ee Fluid michenie + emstomd => Intomprailk filme VVro 4 demi ty okiseys . ) D> As Y-> Yeux ar © [gurxey | YXUf = 0 CAtway| “Wvco o ee) eS) | = VA: Cyux Gu, + AV (mung) -eh-igusgna)eaC pogo. \Foavnisy Douay Je(gxwy- Conga EM) TH = 0 PUANC YU xP )=O y OA L(yurxgu. ) Vax ees ff wre, > POA QA oa eee a tie ww 2. “ = Fcu Poort +e Lo SS a. Ge hq ) a) abe, UR Uyoru, LpAIChE a ee ee te — (ie) = ACK XV) =A) xf xe) 2 ei) ¥ gee “Breau. 2S + - he 2 “36 Ba Je oe - aaa 2 yfxv 7 yxy Y (+ Pdrees yx Gy = Ux (evu, )- ou Pisannry ; Vorfets = £ Uxy es Dv o(Ee¥ Js > Vy =o, 4Y is vecroe Pretatin 4 tee ef Sevier Stohe Ey. 3 Re & low 4 > Couche terme Zs finchin $ UL, Ge 7 z > ~AIChE A ie > gv TS lq x 2 tq x id ae MM ° 2 £. i Sz J ae = wy MeN at eae > YL Strfen numel F = Constons Fr Stfer Use” thar io tengemt hoy hye =o) S| Piel, 6 ax Ou au + ROG we e wy PL Stl tl (Stow pte | ol x nee Lis SiGi fer flo tb Prom from Le R + Flocs Cannot Cres 5 usc in r< : x PF sch > Uf Lyu Corthogmmck Stun fee~ _) Y > Stream funchun ay =) Potent frmches 2d es h ° uw a sa " ° ShowAIChE | Spree wechr field, Weyeoo Combneed Fr Y=CPO2) a Umyyrc Sinfe LY CD oreo pee) L, Pux+guy+2 <0 Wren Yi ge ete. > V=dVu T proportirediby Comstemt/ virile, Crceder) o> ¥=¥u we eVuipientidl Surfer, use fr Y oe an -@) Consider & Closed Volume, VW enclare by sy © surface & Lent A Senet Owen dA Weth occ) noerme Nuga) > dF nA Drrcssout 2 py. d= PYnA J | Chsed Voleme WU ) | Stee is So fey: Fon oe ey : a = owt 2-28 = Lepyeran \ eM [loa Bene) . Lt if oa S 2 —23%yt) - Lim “bh gyendA rary we ve, ee : [ Dvercavce tim L by.nea Divereavce ef vecror riew div(y)= BES, Pv +2Y 9Gy) =b |e conwir cg a . Fre flies Foe Eb Thy piles fae vs ey Shing Volume inteyree om be i 5 Fa Li cir tale ae 2 dV" Gauss ‘THEeRam C XS —@) Sometime ~Fluggg _ erterred Cflurd I ase diverge. frm WVAIChE | | p Remanes Eg Gs) in fluids & uoety tied tele . fyy dV = 0 DY Flex ot “fF closed Volum =0 Dee ee a fle f Saye dv = gy naa ee CPP hie te eRatoste-his . SCAy et) Chege antilahin mW Sexy D> tetel cherge = $sex se - The flux of electric field duc te Chery “vow : ¢ E-AaA Str, ances f Emer ov Possons Eg zh Gauss’ eg “(26 Gruss’ LAW TRA Nv gig = Seuz9) anee. > lance GE-Aan = bray QW v Note: 4ne - ae de plecemmd Field Flere Flow cm Porous Meda | brs Daveys lew : yr-k up is Parmeci lity Ae 2 Viscosity From @D): ps const awe ecapulentiel (tne Tht dvin th Flore Cie Veet fale) Vv eo bee c@ Leplecsen,AIChE far Desinechow of dw yy defines im 09 @) Te Uendavstemd % Ctth cof (Y) Cie 0. @, pu) ev LEY re Stavh Cath GRrears Tresren Closes vi & Consider af20 regen D 3 +The clas Leumgery OD is peschue Canty clocku The vagiem YRS irpple” DP = VPA 4, fe dg dx (he oe D ak t _— duo) Pn Heo) ae = Pron dude 7 renteo dan _—— = (Pessex - i Pexy dex - f Pexyd ex isite © or ss. a Pexy) dx Seevilevly 4 for x-Simple vegow Ty 2 (eee Wp ‘| ae [ocxg Chen, | a VA)- 9K Wy) dy = “§ GY) dy ee : > > J Greavs Teena Thus | 4 [Pex +Odg] = $(SE- 2 Janey —@) BD Db Fr2o: ysPi+e], aypeerte dy} auyshan WYGER IE > GREE THeernem im vechr form Fer 2D: Sunjece $) B= fory) Bouma 6 3S Yury L = (feery)-8 nda s aS tangent tes APS SToKES Theorem ety) AK TE S has no bemdary , ine. Closed Check, os Shere) a 5 fie xy)hica=o | — Go) [etAIChE | | verted => Cunlly) > vortiedy fp flare & (fC gay): Rane =2 Se: nda CE ee = tuted Uorticit 7g) Vedy = Cprlied effective volcom Ber egy time ave Me a) ae 2 Sfcpxy-Lan = ML > Yxy2(0,0 wy) L 6 oe 3 Ta) dyrare Pytueeray + fuse + = WML OW ) — _ Farnpay ne | imoucron : 1 re emeynebc field > BRAGA = (lux s : ue ae Mepretic flex, Y= §g.+ hoa ee o law ore AGg Fea --c ef cures Lie tek 7 Peterhel 4 % =] Mx Way Be 2 leer) fou, thebe, [2s = 82) Cry Xb ) = ) igh + J Mul gea) Cory) of Ss _ b S - rt Physi cel Visulizetion P Curly) = Yxy @ _. © Fluips YE Oxyd GRY = YxGxye YX [xe “| — . : My We eS leecurv Se Co-0R DINATEL im a Cremer — 2.C6,9)2 +e 402 ax rid 7 o Eee B =60r0)2 4 (@)2 +B » =o ses mR a E Fe tmd easing B 5B -ComWreno § 2d Re coo Feesu)8, Gv sindt4toed, 225 Fr portomtly “tel [eee U8) (97: tome ue BEB) = Urey 2 Ove, Ow WY vi ¥ ef oe rat Carl CY) ites Ceither prof): Xue Cv oe) Haayta dats bdgy chy ogf ky aye A@r)* eviwe)ts 1-62) > i Chevys hase | : 3 i hyd hbe bn, 2 Sf Ge | ae ee ¥ Ph, @h, 2h Yer Yr ad jeu Bee as ayer ft Bw. 2B] We . Ve peo wy (yy Jevv , pb a9 + oe eS ee csAIChE SPHERICAL COORD ATES Seana Gde yeysinb Sind E=AV CoH Gn 2G D> dedy = as’ SP = Cute + Oodet + (coma Yay Eis to reek Toe vsing | oy 36 ty Srey ¢ dst ax adyty deh Secs dhs Yate Gatd dee VSO Botd ag® FOSHEB Sinky ore + VACsty SHG 4644 VES BOO lf’ + Corp ay + Ysints Jeg dyt4 videts Ynr ead D ce ees va) Se] ate SEL + Ncsteb } vay Krag HE) a 8: ar (te) b= tax? CoD & fm OC )R 4 (Sine Sin) 4 Ceo ca B =(CoeCofdx + (GeRin}) Gr€ Sins) 2 $= Cem R 1d soe Grea) ¥ 4u0Cad) b+ Sing) F (Sn 9 Sind) F + Cee sng) © 4 Cod) +90 )F-Csnerd srg We _ sng BCrVp) BA xa J [20% ave ay }2e = Be eth aves Votes nal Yr y Yep * Vie by at doer oe Soh ex Wyeast creeks Dee et Ty: ¥ [sg eR 42, ae Tins ‘ Oe Ny + O[ Ready G2M , i aeaepehes Ye Np Gog be oe ss 1 Hhat oy COs bee] YY, Py v=vy vat eeAIChE FAR MINOTS FEL F0LT 2 THEORGm Cfreof Loew ) To gene ang vet field Y Com le exprursce ao Y Ye Yd + yxw YeUd =F Ceservatné Sele f Sealer Vector Peteohit FX XW EPe-coneveehic fell @®) vey = vey vd + ve CUKW ) pg CY xia) Ye ET] ThE VY¥=0 Cincemprrsinte ftom = VP ( Potrnbiug iors) CUmace e@ ) ° i ° ees > Fu w )- Uw P|) exWererw). gay, @) eaten eee In Plaid, f veetro field is D (= tyxy Evortiaty 9.1 )) Teel Yt ay Coy) ctgay See P BH=e CAgean, ¥ YE0s wecomprini hte Paid ) PV VD BY (eV) = 0 Tt Cot ade yes — ) LAPerce Eq, vey): Sp ewvic u 2q Bi