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Download Free PDF View PDF Arduino based Dual Axis Smart Solar Tracker Ijaems Journal—
Solar energy is rapidly advancing as an important means of renewable energy resource. The main
content of the tri-wheeler is Solar PV panel, Brushless PMDC motor, Charge controller and battery.
The proposed system was compared with a stationary solar panel, and the results showed that the
proposed system increased the overall efficiency by 25%. This cuts across the cost of components
and cost of development as well as the cost of maintenance. It is supposed to track the sun's
movement in the sky during daylight and save much needed power, sleep at night. The angle formed
by the solar tracking system and the horizontal axis is known as the tilt angle. The solar cell
efficiency depends on the location of sun and its light intensity. Design of a Solar Tracking System
Using the Brightest Region in the Sky Image Sensor. To address this issue, a solar tracking system
has been developed. Design of a Solar Tracking System Using the Brightest Region in the Sky Image
Sensor. This causes significant decrease in solar PV panels efficiency.The accumulated dust on solar
panel block the cell from the sun's radiation and act as an adverse screening effect, it is necessary to
keep the solar cells in pristine condition. Artificial intelligence (AI) is a broad field that has
applications in various sectors, including agriculture, finance, medicine, engineering, marketing, etc.
Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Analyses (JETA). To evaluate the performance of the
system, a 10 cm indicator was installed on the surface of the solar panel, and if accurately controlled,
the solar panel would be perpendicular to the Sun; thus, the indicator would cast no shadow. The
technical characteristics of the PV panel are shown in Table 5. In this paper also study
microcontroller will be programmed such that it will provide the facilities like protection and
obstacles detection system, antitheft system, emergency alert for user. Greenhouse gases caused by
the burning of fossil fuels, global warming has created. Thus the device positions itself as an
economical alternative for domestic sector. The related binary image is shown in ( a ); and the
evaluated sun center by the Hough transform method is shown as a red point in ( b ). For context, in
March 2020, the Government of India announced a nationwide lockdown to stop all industrial
operations, domestic global trade, construction activities, automotive movement, and many other
activities to suppress COVID-19 expansion. The system implementation was divided into hardware
and software parts, and the tracking system comprised two LDR sensors, a PIC16F877A
microcontroller, a bi-directional DC-geared motor, a voltage regulator, a driver circuit, and a solar
panel. An attainable way to deal with amplifying the power output of sun-powered exhibit is by sun
tracking. Single-axis trackers can increase production by 25% to 35%. Figure 5(a) shows the DAST
on a horizontal position at which both daily (eastwest) axis and elevation (northsouth) axis on their
reference (“zero”) position. The angle of incidence is the most critical factor to consider when
installing solar tracking systems. It is the angle formed by the Sun’s rays falling on the surface and
the rays perpendicular to that surface. Comfortless for the person travelling in the tricycle is given
more importance. They use the same principle as the mountings of astronomical telescopes. One of
other disadvantages of solar energy applications is high cost of the unit. In both cases, the LDRs
were able to detect the maximum intensity light, which was the Sun, and move the solar panel
toward that direction. The final phase dealt with the evaluation of three intelligent predictors, LR,
MLP, and CMLP in terms of the prediction rate and MSE, and the results obtained showed that LR is
insufficient in developing dual-axis solar tracking systems and high prediction rates were obtained
for both MLP and CMLP predictors with three hidden layers.
The angle of incidence is the most critical factor to consider when installing solar tracking systems. It
is the angle formed by the Sun’s rays falling on the surface and the rays perpendicular to that surface.
Various Dual-axis Solar Tracking Systems. ( a ) TTDAT; ( b ) AADAT. Like the active tracker,
passive tracker systems also come in several varieties that can be classified into single-axis, dual-axis,
and hybrid passive solar tracking systems. The operating principle is not as complicated as that of
active trackers. However, since solar panels are usually stationary, they don't always align with the
sun's position as it changes throughout the day. This paper gives the details about my research related
to tricycle project and includes the methods and consideration regarding the proper working
principle of tricycle powered solar energy. Hybrid tricycle combines the use of solar energy as well
as the dynamo that runs through pedal to char. European Journal of Investigation in Health,
Psychology and Education (EJIHPE). However, they require regular maintenance due to the motors
and moving parts, which can be expensive. The evaluated center of the sun by the brightest region
method is also illustrated as a red point in Figure 5 b. Finally, the location information on the sun
center is sent to the embedded processor to control two servo motors that are capable of moving both
horizontally and vertically to track the sun. Find support for a specific problem in the support section
of our website. This paper presents one such resurgent method: Solar Position Tracking. PV solar
tracking system adjusts a solar panel’s path according to the sun’s position. The structure of the paper
is as follows: the “Background of Solar Tracking Systems” in Section 2 presents the theoretical
background of solar tracking systems. The “Classification Based on Axis Rotation” in Section 3
provides a review and comparison of solar tracking systems based on the movement of the axis of
rotation, and the “Classification Based on Drive Types” in Section 4 presents a review and
comparison of solar tracking systems based on drive types. The strategy utilized includes (i) coupling
the motor with the gearboxes to reduce the torque, (ii) combining gears and bearings to reduce the
effect of high wind loading, and (iii) adopting a night-return algorithm to reset the whole system,
reposition the solar panel to its initial position at night, and switch to sleep mode to save energy. The
proposed system is said to be an efficient and feasible way of tracking the Sun’s position and
achieved a 25% output power increment at 10:00 a.m. compared to the fixed solar panels. Compared
with all other remainder energies, the specialist sun energy is the most bountiful energy and it's
typically easy to be changed into electrical energy. After ?nding the sunlight, the tracker will try to
navigate. The tracking system includes a solar panel, microcontroller, gear motor system, solar panels,
and light-dependent resistors (LDR), which were utilized as a sensor. The methodology adopted for
this research was divided into two parts, hardware development and programming development. A
Review of Time-Based Solar Photovoltaic Tracking Systems. Maximum solar power can be obtained
only when the Sun is directly on the panel. Active tracking systems for building integration The days
are gone in which the roofs of industrial and public buildings. The use of this tracking system led to
a 28% increase in PV generation during the testing period. By circuit design and sun tracking control
process, the cost reduction has been improved and high amount of energy was saved when
implemented this system. Finally, critical open research issues are identified and elaborated. Finally,
the authors conclude with an analysis of performance efficiency of the mechanisms and their
corresponding methods presented, describing the pros and cons of the most significant proposals for
tracking and irradiation prediction. Another problem that has raised slight concerns is the
accumulation of dusts on solar panels. Such a method has a drawback, i.e., it system, the other being
either right. The tracking system was divided into hardware and software parts and utilized a solar
panel, ATmega328P microcontroller, two servo motors, four LDR sensors, and four resistors.
Lesson 1: LDRs are widely utilized for the Development of Solar Tracking Systems Light-dependent
resistors (LDRs), as shown in Figure 8, are also known as photocells, photoresistors, or
photoconductors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of
the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license ( ). The energy extracted from solar
photovoltaic (PV) or solar thermal depends on solar insulation. The methodology adopted for this
research was divided into two parts, hardware development and programming development.
Different choices of the threshold value will lead to entirely different results. The major parts of the
solar system are solar panels and solar cells. A normal tricycle need paddle to move, a motorized
tricycle that uses fuel as its prime power and an electric tricycle that can only be sufficient for an
hour, because of this limitation in existing system the proposed model is possible alternative. The
mechanical tracking system was based on a photodiode array (PDA) that was implemented using a
sphere whose inner surface was optimized, allowing the PDA to function as a high-precision sensor.
The solar energy has grabbed the eyeball attention of much research organization to improve its
efficiency. In Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE Conference of Russian Young Researchers in Electrical
and Electronic Engineering, ElConRus 2021, St. The system utilized two motors as an actuator to
regulate the elevation and azimuth while the CDS tracked the position of the Sun through the
movement of the embedded controller motor. However, one main limitation of the system is that it
depends on sunlight intensity. In addition to this, solar systems is creating an alternative method of
energy production which is clean and environmental friendly. Many Comets and asteroids. SUN.
75% hydrogen and 25% helium by mass Sun converts hydrogen to helium in its core Differential
rotation equator the surface rotates once every 25.4 days. The system comprised one DC motor, one
actuator, a dual channel motor driver, two reed relays, etc. For the accurate design, implementation,
and installation of a solar tracking system, several parameters must be considered, such as the
latitude, angle of incidence, solar irradiance, tilt angle, declination angle, elevation angle, zenith
angle, orientation angle, solar azimuth angle, and inclination angle. To minimize cost, the system was
designed using a low-cost ATMega328 microcontroller, which was integrated into a low-cost
Arduino Uno board. The paper begins with presenting background theory, light. M. Utomo, K.L.
Liew and M. Zara? published in 2011 International Conference on Business. The device is able to
simulate the sun’s tracking of 12 months within few minutes thus, implementing automation
mechanism in tracking system. The Global Solar Irradiance of both systems is measured by using a
well-calibrated Li-Cor (LI 210SA) pyranometer, respectively. Note that from the first issue of 2016,
this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. Find support for a specific problem in the
support section of our website. The evaluated sun center is shown as a red point in Figure 10 b.
What's more, elective energy, for example, wind, warm or sunlight based energy is renewable and
addresses pollution issues. This project helps the solar power generating equipment to get the
maximum sunlight automatically thereby increasing the efficiency of the system. As compared to the
conventional solar panels, the one mounted with microcontroller based tracking system will give
enhanced output. The performance of the different types of membership functions, triangular,
trapezoidal, and Gaussian, was evaluated from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. using Qtfuzzylite, and a comparison
of the proposed solar tracking system with a fixed solar panel system was conducted. The results
showed that the proposed method reduces tracking time and reaches more energy, thus increasing
efficiency and flexibility. Suleiman, John Adedapo Ojo, and Agbotiname Lucky Imoize.
Solar tracking system is the most common method of increasing amount of solar radiation from the
sun to the solar collectors either Flat plate or concentrated collectors. Some books and internet
webpages use other terms, such as: sun angle calculator, sun position calculator or solar angle
calculator. There is implementation of an algorithm that solves the motor control that is then written
into C-program on Arduino IDE. Along these lines, this renewable energy has been increasing
expanding prevalence in various nations. And for maximum sun rays capturing the sensor based
system is used for keeping the solar panel approximately at right angle with the incident rays. The
driver circuit (PCA 9685) can provide enough current for motors and acts as a bridge between the
Raspberry Pi and the motors. A Review of Time-Based Solar Photovoltaic Tracking Systems.
Information 2023, 14, 211. Fuzzy Logic Control on FPGA for Two Axes Solar Tracking. A Review
of Time-Based Solar Photovoltaic Tracking Systems. Conventional energy resources are not only
limited but also the prime culprit for environmental pollution. The tracking system comprised a solar
panel, two DC motors, two actuators, and four PV cells that act like sensors, which were then
utilized as inputs to the FLC to generate two outputs using 50 rules. There are a large number of
methods available for solar tracking and hence maximizing the output.This paper proposes an
Arduino Uno microcontroller board based solar tracking system. Journal of Cardiovascular
Development and Disease (JCDD). However, one main limitation of the system is that it depends on
sunlight intensity. Now-a-days automation plays a vital role in all industrial applications however the
proper cleaning of solar panel used in industries and commercial purposes are still a challenging task.
The main objective of this research is to review different tracking mechanisms for solar tracking
system, 18 papers were reviewed. This paper presents the Arduino-based new design of dual-axis
solar tracking system with high-efficiency using through the use of five-point sunlight sensors. A
scissor lift approach was employed to smoothly move the axis up and down to obtain the third axis
and minimize shading. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Download Free
PDF View PDF Final Report on Dual Axis Solar Tracking System Kamal Gautam Dual axis solar
tracker can simultaneously track sun’s radiation in both horizontal and vertical axis. Free to
download eBook on Practical Solar Tracking Design, following the sun solar tracking system, sun
tracking system, sun tracker system, solar tracker system, sun positioning system, and sun path
tracking with follow the sun position calculation (azimuth, elevation, zenith), sun trajectory, sun
following system, sunrise tracking, sunset tracking, sunlight-phases, dawn, dusk, moon-phase,
twilight, moonrise, moonset calculator. Cristian Ruvalcaba. Web Designer Asst. Photographer.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a broad field that has applications in various sectors, including
agriculture, finance, medicine, engineering, marketing, etc. Its active sensors constantly monitor the
sunlight and rotate the panel towards the direction where the intensity of sunlight is maximum.
Some smartphones include augmented reality features in which you can physically see and look at
the solar path through your cell phone camera or mobile phone camera at your phone's specific GPS
location. Thus it becomes crucial to study the causes of reduction in efficiency of solar panels. The
paper begins with presenting background theory, light. For existing solar panels, which are without
any control systems typical level of efficiency varies from 10% to 4% - a level that should improve
measurably if the present interest continues. 2. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our projects is to utilize the
maximum solar energy through solar panel. The developed system was also compared to a fixed solar
panel system, and it was found that the power generation cost for the developed system was
reduced. The designed tracker has precise control mechanism which will provide three ways of
controlling system.
This requirement was met from fossil fuel based energy production plants. Apparently, the efficiency
of DAST over SSS and additional electrical energy generated in a day are influenced by the
clearness index. The threshold value of 245 is then manually chosen and applied to generate the
binary image shown in Figure 8 a. Additionally, cloudy days may severely affect the performance of
the tracking system. However, the interface for real-time data transmission and monitoring was not
developed, and the sensitivity of the sensors used as input to the fuzzy logic control system was not
optimized. The problem above can be solved by our system by automatic tracking the solar energy. A
connected object can be controlled online from an IoT platform and can send, receive, and process
various and varied data. The system is a cost-effective, accurate, and efficient method to track the
position of the Sun compared to a stationary solar panel. 3.2. Dual-Axis Solar Tracking System This
solar system has two degrees of flexibility that act as the axis of rotation; that is, it allows for
maximized solar power output levels due to its ability to track the Sun both vertically and
horizontally. Download Free PDF View PDF DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF PROTOTYPE
MODEL OF DUAL AXIS SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM IASET US Solar energy is rapidly
gaining notoriety as an important means of expanding renewable energy resources. The developed
system can save energy and generate high-output power. The problem can be solved by proposed
systems where the sun tracking by solar panel that based on high intensity of sun ray. Please note that
many of the page functionalities won't work as expected without javascript enabled. Two axis solar
tracking (azimuth angle as well as altitude angle) is implemented through Arduino UNO controller
based on Sun Earth Geometry. Sladjana Stjepanovic, Ferid Softic, Zlatko Bundalo published in
Serbia,Nis,October 7-9. A solar tracker for a 5 kW solar panel system can be around 500 or more for
a single photovoltaic module. This kind of solar-tracking system is usually composed of a couple of
actuators which work against each other. In this paper it is discussed that how solar power is utilized
for providing the power to the tricycle, which will reduce the efforts of the handicapped person.
Figure 1 shows the difference and limitations of the fixed solar tracking system compared to a
simple solar tracking system. In this article, we propose an innovative method to track the sun using
an image sensor. The control circuit for the solar tracker is based on. Furthermore, the measured solar
panel voltage also reflects that a close-loop algorithm-based dual-axis tracker can be implemented
using an 8-bit microcontroller, which outperforms a conventional optical tracker without adding
system cost. With the aid of tracking systems which can sustain more energy, the disadvantage of per
unit area is prevented. The tracking system comprised a microcontroller, two light-dependent resistor
(LDR) sensors, a stepper motor, a battery, and a solar panel. Musa, A.; Alozie, E.; Suleiman, S.A.;
Ojo, J.A.; Imoize, A.L. The developed system achieved attractive features, but it is limited to a
laboratory prototype with no real-life implementation. Specifically, it was designed to accept two
inputs, sunlight sensor output and cell output current, to generate one output that would be fed into
the motor to move or stop it based on the Sun’s position. Energy dependence, the limitation of fossil
energy sources, and the negative environmental impacts of fossil fuels have directed researchers
towards renewable energy sources. We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best
experience. However, the system is subject to some inherent limitations of the solar power system in
terms of the cost of installation, inequivalence to the conventional power stations, conversion from
direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC), and the unavailability of the solar energy at all times,
especially at night. To produce the maximum amount of energy, a solar panel must be perpendicular
to the light source.
Furthermore, the proposed model achieved less time complexity when compared with the
conventional methods. To evaluate the performance of the system, a scaled prototype was developed
where experimental results were obtained for the FLC compared to the simulated and calculated
results, which showed that the values obtained with the proposed FLC corresponded with both the
other results. The results showed that the fuzzy logic is best suited for dual-axis as it outperformed
the linear regression algorithm by 1.3%. However, the system may malfunction under cloudy
conditions. Workshop on Applications of Solar Radiation Forecasting - Introduction - Jesu. The
development process was divided into hardware and programming parts. The structure of the paper
is as follows: the “Background of Solar Tracking Systems” in Section 2 presents the theoretical
background of solar tracking systems. The “Classification Based on Axis Rotation” in Section 3
provides a review and comparison of solar tracking systems based on the movement of the axis of
rotation, and the “Classification Based on Drive Types” in Section 4 presents a review and
comparison of solar tracking systems based on drive types. Also to provide proper charge electric
current charge controller is used and for prevention of battery overcharging the boost converter is
used to overcome the lower output voltage of solar panel for not fulfilling the minimum charging
voltage requirement of the battery thus maximum power extraction is possible from the solar panel to
battery. Energy dependence, the limitation of fossil energy sources, and the negative environmental
impacts of fossil fuels have directed researchers towards renewable energy sources. Reducing this
angle will increase the energy generated by a fixed amount of installed power generation capacity.
Therefore, you should compare the cost of adding solar panels and buying the tracking devices
before settling on any option. The related binary image is shown in ( a ); and the evaluated sun
center by the Hough transform method is shown as a red point in ( b ). This solar system can be used
domestically to provide highly efficient solar energy. The main factor was the inability of system to
adapt with sun movements and for which solar tracking systems were installed with solar panels.
These variables were obtained using correlation results between different input solar variables: day,
month, time, current, voltage, and power radiation utilized to predict the output variables, tilt, or
orientation angles. In order to increase the efficiency of power we have design module of dual axis
solar tracker. It's like a masterclass to be explored at your own pace. Regarding the software of
digital image processing, we used OpenCV (Open Source Computer Vision), which is a library of
programming functions mainly aimed at real-time computer vision. Compared with all other
remainder energies, the specialist sun energy is the most bountiful energy and it's typically easy to be
changed into electrical energy. The prototype was said to be working efficiently in tracking the
location of the Sun in correspondence with the movement of the motors from morning to evening
using the sensors that act as self-adjusting light sensors. The software part comprised a detection
system, a fuzzy tracking controller, and a database system. Journal of Low Power Electronics and
Applications (JLPEA). This has resulted in the design and implementation of solar photovoltaic
panels, which can collect solar energy and convert it to other forms of energy, such as electrical
energy. Musa, A.; Alozie, E.; Suleiman, S.A.; Ojo, J.A.; Imoize, A.L. Lesson 4: Fuzzy logic is
extensively utilized for Controlling Solar Tracking Systems Fuzzy logic is a mathematical model that
can be utilized as a decision tool when all the input variables are not precise and qualitatively
ambiguous. Solar tracking system is the most appropriate technology to enhance the efficiency of the
solar cells by tracking the sun. It is represented with a positive sign for the position east of south, and
the position west of south is represented with a negative sign. A Review of Time-Based Solar
Photovoltaic Tracking Systems. Information. 2023; 14(4):211. Furthermore, fuzzy logic is the most
utilized model for controlling solar tracking systems among all other learning-based models. But due
to revolution of the earth, solar source i.e. sun does not face the panel continuously hence less
electricity is produced. Download Free PDF View PDF Microcontroller Based Solar tracking System
for enhancing efficiency of a Photovoltaic system IJERA Journal In today?s scenario of increasing
energy needs, there is a huge dependence on renewable energy sources along with the conventional
sources.