Literature Review On Breast Cancer Treatment

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Title: Mastering the Art of Crafting a Literature Review on Breast Cancer Treatment

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The final diagnosis of breast cancer was revealed to (a) (b) Figure 1. Our website uses cookies to
enhance your experience. Another useful genomic biomarker that may be used to evaluate the
clinical efficacy of cancer therapies is mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) common deletions. To address
this issue, ultra high-depth sequencing and additional association analy- ses are required. J Oncol
Pract. 2013;9(6):267-276. PubMed Google Scholar Crossref 72. Ganesan. International Journal of
Molecular Sciences. 2017; 18(11):2423. Therefore, the search for genetic polymorphisms that are
associated with biosynthesis and metabolism of estrogen would provide useful information on
genetic biomarkers that can be targeted to address premature menopause or CIM in breast cancer
patients. Phase II trial of bicalutamide in patients with androgen receptor-positive, estrogen receptor-
negative metastatic Breast Cancer. Then don’t wait till the third year to start the work. Atlanta, GA:
American Cancer Society; 2014. 2. Perou. With breast cancer patients and survivors being reported
to experience a repertoire of symptoms that are detrimental to their quality of life, the development
of breast cancer treatment strategies that are effective with minimal side effects is therefore required.
She received neoadjuvant chemo- therapy before proceeding to right modified radical mastectomy
with axillary clearance and immediate chest wall re- construction. Based on histological
classification, infiltrating ductal carcinoma is the most common breast malignancy, ac- counting for
75% of cases. The mechanism of how NR can contribute to reduction in pain is yet unclear. In light
of this, the development of further strategies in developing effective cancer treatment is of crucial
importance. Social Posts Create on-brand social posts and Articles in minutes. Blood and swab
culture was also performed and there was no grow th so far. Nanomedicine. 2015;11(1):155-165.
PubMed Google Scholar Crossref 39. Bianchini. Daily dressing was done with normal saline and
Bactigrass dressing. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease (JCDD). Progression-free
survival was particularly improved in gpNMB-positive and TNBC, and phase 2 studies are under
way ( NCT01997333 ). 51. By contrast, a majority of homozygous mutations with a concurrent
minority of heterozygous mutations implies that a duplication event has occurred in the recent past,
in which the previous heterozygous mutations have become hom ozygous and new he terozygous
mutatio ns are limited due to the short period of accumulation after the d uplication event (the left
pane in (b)). It's like a masterclass to be explored at your own pace. Visit our dedicated information
section to learn more about MDPI. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms
and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( ). CN-LOH, also referred to
as uni- p arental disomy ( UPD), is a loss of on e copy (allele) of a heterozygous chromosomal region
followed by a dupli- cation of the other allele, yielding a homozygous chro- mosomal region without
a copy number change ( Figures 1(a) and 1(b) ). Recently, an association study was carried out
demonstrating the association of SNPs of certain genes with changes in body mass index (BMI)
among breast cancer survivors. Indeed, both patients’ age and cancer stage were suggested to affect
their response to cancer treatment. Further, in an Indian study, 22% of breast cancer survivors were
found to exhibit moderately severe to severe levels of depression. It also holds promise for providing
a molecular clock for the estimation of the temporal processes of tumorigenesis.
Pertuzumab plus trastuzumab plus docetaxel for metastatic breast cancer. Please let us know what
you think of our products and services. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15(2):e58-e68. PubMed Google Scholar
Crossref 40. Junttila. Several attempts have been made to stratify cell subpopulations using regional
macrodissection, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), laser capture microdissection (LCM)
and other forms of micromanipulation ( Figure 2 ). The inability of these therapies in prolonging
overall survival therefore prompts the development of a more personalized approach in the
prescription of cancer treatment through the optimization of drug choice. Personalized therapies,
treatment that is provided according to the needs of individual patient, could potentially address this
issue. Trastuzumab emtansine for HER2-positive advanced breast cancer. Moreover, detection of the
overexpression of genes implicated in breast cancer had also been suggested to be useful in the
development of personalized treatment for breast cancer patients. The identification of new
biomarkers that are associated with pain as a result of cancer treatment would prove useful in the
development of new personalized therapeutic strategies in pain management among patients. Find
support for a specific problem in the support section of our website. Breast Cancer Res Treat.
2001;65(1):71-75. PubMed Google Scholar Crossref 12. Toy. The anticipated rapid progress in ge-
nomic breast cancer research should lead to an enhanced understanding of breast cancer biology and
guide us towards novel ways to ultimately prevent and cure breast cancer. The study identified a
number of phosphoproteins, which their abundance would be altered in response to these inhibitors.
Regulated by miR-34a and FoxO1 Promotes Adipogenesis in Porcine Intramuscular Preadipocytes
through Erk Signaling Pathway. Any clinician seeking to apply or consult these guidelines is
expected to use independent medical judgment in the context of individual clinical circumstances to
determine any patient's care or treatment. The distribution of DCIS phenotypes with a small
proportion of Phenotype A DCIS may be due to that Phenotype A DCIS is less likely to be detected
by mammography, or that some invasive breast cancers of Phenotype A progress to invasiveness
without passing the in situ phase. The ab normalities may simultaneou sly occur in a key gene in an
independent or synergistic manner, leading to dys- function of this gene, thereby fueling
tumorigenesis. The fungating, ulcerous lesion is seen occupying parts of the upper quadrant of the
right breast. Novel Strategies on Personalized Medicine for Breast Cancer Treatment: An Update.
Micromanipulatio n can also capture single cells from cultured cell, dissociated tissue or biopsy ma-
terial according to a given feature, but with the same shortcomings as LCM. Pharmgenomics Pers
Med. 2014;7:307-316. PubMed Google Scholar 49. Kaufman. Therefore, personalized therapies
targeting depression could be an effective strategy in improving the QOL of breast cancer patients.
Simultaneous analy- sis of DNA, DNA modification and mRNA from the same individual cells will
be an ideal strategy for the comprehensive and precise interpretation of the func- tional alterations
occurring in single cancer cells. Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing (JMMP). In this
case, the trisomic region harbors both heterozygous and disomic homozygous mutations ( Figure 1(c)
). Overall, the aforementioned genes can be served as novel gene targets for addressing the
neurotoxicity that is induced by chemotherapeutic drugs, which would be of value for the
development of interventional strategies for CIPN management. 4.3. Targeting Cognitive
Dysfunction Chemotherapy treatment was known to be a causal factor for the development of
cognitive impairment among cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res. 2012;18(3):612-618. PubMed Google
Scholar Crossref 74. Glickman. Du ring th e CN-LOH ev ent, th e loss of one allelic chromo- somal
region is compensated by duplication of its homolog. However, extra care must be taken in-patient
who needs post-operative radiotherapy. A week prior to admission, bloody pus discharges started to
ooze out from the skin overlying the lump.
Several mechanisms have been suggested to explain tumor dormancy implicating cancer stem cells,
as have elements in the microenvironment, such as angiogenic and immune factors. 10, 11 At the
time of clinical recurrence, the tumor cells may be genetically different compared with tumor cells at
the initial diagnosis. International Journal of Translational Medicine (IJTM). Large -scale sequencing
of cancer genomes, including breast cancer, is rapidly providing an astronomical amount of data,
which will offer many new candidates that will be assumed to play pivotal roles for a given cancer
phe- notype. With breast cancer patients and survivors being reported to experience a repertoire of
symptoms that are detrimental to their quality of life, the development of breast cancer treatment
strategies that are effective with minimal side effects is therefore required. International Journal of
Molecular Sciences. 2017; 18(11):2423. The identification of these phosphoproteins as biomarkers of
the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway inhibitors would therefore enable the determination of the efficacy
of these inhibitors in PI3K pathway (and therefore breast cancer) inhibition, based on the level of
phosphorylation of these biomarkers. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript. In
this scenario, the trisomic region harbors three types of muta- tions; heterozygous, disomic
homozygous and trisomic homozygous mutations ( Figure 1(d) ). Quiz Ref ID Another promising
anti-HER2 TKI being developed is neratinib, an irreversible, pan-HER TKI. DNA methyl- lation as
an important epigenetic mechanism has been extensively studied. In that st udy, based on
investigations of the allele frequency of the mutations and the corresponding copy number profile,
the mutation of TP 53 was revealed as an initial event prior to the substantial numbers somatic
mutations in tumor development of both types of cancers. International Journal of Molecular
Sciences. 2017; 18(11):2423. Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine
(JOHBM). Therefore, individuals with various polymorphism in the cytochrome P450 gene will
exhibit considerable variability in the experience of the severity of side effects that is caused by
tamoxifen intake. Patient was reviewed by the oncology team and neoad- juvant therapy was
planned. If a technical break- through can occur in single ce ll epigenetic analysis, the evolutionary
models currently being constructed on the basis of single-cell genomic data will be improved by
addition of epigenetic information. Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications (JLPEA).
While additional molecular correlative biomarkers are currently being studied, additional research
will be needed to identify those most likely to benefit from this therapy. The breast mass can be
clearly demonstrated in both images. Daily dressing was done with normal saline and Bactigrass
dressing. While antioxidants serve to reduce the level of free radicals, chemotherapy and
radiotherapy naturally rely on the cytotoxic action of free radicals on tumors in order to exhibit their
treatment effect. Several studies including by Bear, H.D., et al. in 2003 have reported higher
pathologic clini- cal response rates and rates of BCS with the addition of preoperative docetaxel. The
initial analysis of the imaging study was graded according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data
System (BIRADS) as BI RADS 4. This may indicate that invasive breast cancer of Phenotype B is
derived from DCIS of Phenotype B. All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available
worldwide under an open access license. No special. They demonstrated that GARD shows an
association with the clinical outcome of radiotherapy, indicating that GARD could potentially serve
as a predictor of the outcome of patients receiving radiotherapy. These findings therefore suggest a
potential relationship between the extent of fatty acid metabolism and lymphedema risk. The
previously heterozygous mutations on the homolog become homozygous (dark blue lines) by this
duplication event and, thus can be classified as early. How to v alidate these candidate genes will
become a crucial challenge for researchers using routine assays such as cell lines or animal models.
These controversies could perhaps be explained by the counteractive nature of the cyto-protective
effect of antioxidants and the cytotoxic effect of cancer therapies.

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