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We also know that in general female youths suffer greater levels of unemployment than their male
counterparts. In Durban, the day labourers reported that clear differences exist in the wages paid by
employers from different racial groups. Annual estimates: 1993-2004, Annual estimates per region
1995-2004, Third quarter 2005, Statistical Release P044, 29 November 2005. The project focuses on
helping youth develop the critical thinking skills needed for entrepreneurship in this field, connecting
youth entrepreneurs to each other and to industry leaders. The counting process generally took place
in the mornings to avoid having to make adjustments to the estimates to account for individuals who
had. More Features Connections Canva Create professional content with Canva, including
presentations, catalogs, and more. In the debate, I also spoke about the wide range of options
available at Chichester FE College which has produced 25,000 apprentices, and tailors many of its
courses with some of the 5,000 businesses it works with. The 249 spatial units included the six
metropolitan areas, 231 local municipalities and 12 district management areas (DMAs) in the country.
The most common causes of unemployment are getting fired and laid off for specific reasons. This
included a youth forum, an expo with displays on career paths, and a National Skills Competition for
students in secondary and primary schools. The authors would also like to express their sincere
gratitude to Ms Maggie Kgwefane, who did a lot of the fieldwork for the project. Day labourers in
the main industrialised areas of the country tend to be far more positive in their outlook on life than
their counterparts in other areas. If these efforts to reduce youth unemployment in Jamaica continue
to be successful, other countries in the Caribbean and Latin America may be able to model their own
initiatives off of Jamaica’s, learning how to focus on increasing youth employment as a way to
improve livelihoods and the overall economy. Source: Survey data GGP data for South Africa are
only available at national and provincial level, not at a subnational level (Statistics South Africa
2002:11), but the data for development regions (Fig.) instead of the GDP were used as an indicator
of development. The official unemployment data are also only available per province (Statistics
South. This information was then used to adjust the estimates in these instances. The 2004 data were
used because they were the latest available data for regional GDP (Statistics South Africa 2005b). In
metropolitan areas such as Pretoria, Johannesburg, Durban and Cape Town, day labourers stood at
many different sites and, along some busy streets, they stood on every corner, with more than 100
people on some corners. Vocabulary and Grammar Cause- effect Example Sentences. Education,
Mohsin-ul-Mulk, Muhammad Ali Jinnah 1519 Words 4 Pages Causes of Unemployment In Malaysia,
the unemployment rate is considered low compared to the early years such as 1986 where the
unemployment rate reached as high as 7. Help Center Here you'll find an answer to your question.
Advances in technology refers to the replacement of human resource by robots and computers.
References Barker, F. S. (2007). The South African Labour market- theory and practice (5th ed.).
Pretoria: Van Schaik. Blaauw, P. F. Louw, H., Schenck, R. High school dropouts are four times more
likely to be unemployed as those students that have completed four or more years of college. The
remaining day labourers would then indicate that many more men usually stood at the site, but these
had been hired for the day or had left already. Friedmann, J. (1966). Regional development policy: A
case study of Venezuela. The researchers recorded the names of the streets where the day labourers
congregated and counted the numbers at each site. The study found that despite the existence of
several core components for addressing youth unemployment across the region, the overall system
was fragmented and disjointed. The informal interviews employed in the exploratory survey showed
that there are clear interregional differences in the circumstances facing day labourers in South
Africa.On the whole, day labourers earn higher income in cities and larger towns than in rural areas.
Source: Survey data GGP data for South Africa are only available at national and provincial level,
not at a subnational level (Statistics South Africa 2002:11), but the data for development regions
(Fig.) instead of the GDP were used as an indicator of development. South African Geographical
Journal, 58(2), 118129. Browett, J. G., Fair, T. J. D. (1974). South Africa, 18701970: A view of the
spatial system. The South African space economy is characterised by an uneven distribution of
economic activities. Specifically, programs in emerging fields, including robotics, criminology,
entrepreneurship, engineering and mechanics, should be more widely offered. In February 2014, a
forum was hosted to discuss the goal of increased apprenticeship and open a dialogue between the
government and the private sector. This out-turn is 1.3 per cent lower than the 9.7 per cent recorded
for the April 2018 Survey. The Jamaican government seems committed to ending youth
unemployment, but, despite nearly two decades of these efforts, the problem of rampant youth
unemployment persists. There is possible under-reporting of employment in the informal and
subsistence agriculture sectors, particularly among those working only a few hours per week. Data
from previous economic crises suggests that it takes about four to five years from the resumption of
economic growth to get back to precrisis levels. What the Government must do is to promote
employment for youth. The principal component analyses produced 15 uncorrelated principal
components of which three principal components had eigenvalues of more than 1. 0. Together, these
three principal components were responsible for 76. 6 of the variation in the original data set.
Unemployment Unemployment remains one of the major macro-economic problems facing
SouthAfrica. Young people without any skills are much more likely to be unemployed structural.
Counting in each city or town commenced at the same time of day. References Barker, F. S. (2007).
The South African Labour market- theory and practice (5th ed.). Pretoria: Van Schaik. Blaauw, P. F.
Louw, H., Schenck, R. Statistics South Africa. (2002). Discussion paper: Gross domestic product per
region, annual estimates 19952001, 21 November 2002. Statistics South Africa. (2001a). Census
2001 by municipality: Persons. QR Codes Generate QR Codes for your digital content. No one has
time to read them all, but it’s important to go over them at least briefly. This scenario may be
attributed to the fact that many of the day labourers who stand on street corners in the metropolitan
areas actually come from the rural areas (where development levels are low and the unemployment
rate is high) to seek work n the urban areas. The South African Geographical Journal, 89(1), 8389.
Kingdon, G. Knight, J. (2001). What have we learnt about unemployment from micro datasets in
South Africa. The coreperiphery model is used to explain spatial variation, as the cause and effect of
economic transformation on all scales within the human-environment system.This model typifies the
dual nature of economic development and a national economy that consists of a modern, highly
productive urban sector on the one hand and a more traditional rural sector on the other. A
comparison of the spatial patterns in Figs. 1 and 2 suggests that there is a positive spatial association
between the general levels of development (development regions) and the numbers of. STATIN said
the decline is mainly attributable to an increase in the number of persons employed and a
simultaneous reduction in the number of persons in the labour force. Certain distinguishing factors
are also evident from the study. In cities, the daily income ranges from R90 to R120 per day. The
core region housed 38. 44 of the country’s population on only 5. 6 of the land area (Table 2). Adobe
InDesign Design pixel-perfect content like flyers, magazines and more with Adobe InDesign. You
can download the paper by clicking the button above. At the same time, 23,300 new women entered
the job market, increasing from 583,100 in total last year to 606,400 at the end of April this year - an
increase of four per cent.
An analysis of the data also showed that there is a relatively significant (at the 0. 01 level) negative
correlation (? 0. 756) between the general level of development (as represented by the principal
component scores on PC 1) and the unemployment rate in the country.Since most of the
metropolitan areas in South Africa have more than 1,000 day labourers and numerous day labour
sites, the correlation between the number of day labourers and urbanisation rates in South Africa was
investigated. Fullscreen Sharing Deliver a distraction-free reading experience with a simple link.
Jamaica Grenada Antigua and Barbuda experienced slower growth in unemployment. This included
a youth forum, an expo with displays on career paths, and a National Skills Competition for students
in secondary and primary schools. According to Economics Help these are some of the reasons for
youth unemployment. There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a
certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. Please upgrade your browser to improve
your experience. Many of the responses indicated that day labouring, as an informal type of
employment, has an element of invisibility to it. The provinces that contribute only a small
percentage of the country’s GDP tend to have high unemployment rates and very small numbers of
day labourers. Social Posts Create on-brand social posts and Articles in minutes. The counting
process generally took place in the mornings to avoid having to make adjustments to the estimates to
account for individuals who had. Help Center Here you'll find an answer to your question. These
studies also show that the disparities in the spatial patterns of unemployment closely resemble the
coreperiphery structure of regional GDP per capita. The Western Cape (18. 6) had the lowest
unemployment rate. A comparison of the spatial patterns in Figs. 1 and 2 suggests that there is a
positive spatial association between the general levels of development (development regions) and the
numbers of. The core region has the highest level of development and, in 2001, 69. 7 of the country’s
total income was earned by people living in the core region. To browse Academia.edu and the wider
internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. In 2004, North
West (39. 5), KwaZulu-Natal (37), Limpopo (34. 1) and Gauteng (34. 1) had the highest levels of
unemployment. I started work as an apprentice in a car factory near Liverpool. You were laid off by
your company three months ago. A systematic approach was followed whereby all cities, larger
towns as well as the vast majority of smaller towns were covered in an effort to obtain the best
possible estimate of the number of day labourers involved in this activity in South Africa. The high
unemployment rate in Gauteng and the fact that very few day labourers seek work in the Limpopo
province can probably be attributed to the relatively short distance between Gauteng, the industrial
heartland of the country, and Limpopo province, as well the fact that there are so few employment
opportunities in Limpopo. Fundamentally the number of persons actively seeking work but are
unemployed is caused by three main factors. The second aim is to investigate the spatial distribution
of and relationship between day labourers, unemployment and the general level of socio-economic
development in South Africa.Survey Methodology As a starting point, all municipalities in South
Africa, churches and other welfare organisations, as well as the Department of Labour, were
contacted during 2005 to try to determine the number of people engaged in this employment-seeking
activity on a daily basis. Limpopo (700) had the lowest number of day labourers, and the Northern
Cape (1,790) the second lowest number.An analysis of day labourer, unemployment data and per
capita GDP data on provincial level showed no clear linear relationship between the variables, but
there is a negative trend between the number of day workers and unemployment and a positive trend
between the number of day labourers and per capita GDP. High school dropouts are four times more
likely to be unemployed as those students that have completed four or more years of college. One of
the issues not covered in the present survey is the location of the day labourers’ homes. More skills
are evident among the men standing at sites close to businesses such as hardware stores and tiling
shops. CrossRef Valenzuela, A., Jr., Theodore, N., Melendez, E. While Jamaica’s government has not
noted any plans to make apprenticeship mandatory, they want to increase its availability and
popularity among youth, developing it within the Jamaican context.
The existence of job opportunities, however, implies that these men are removed from their families
and the social connections that go hand in hand with this. Teams Enable groups of users to work
together to streamline your digital publishing. Specifically, programs in emerging fields, including
robotics, criminology, entrepreneurship, engineering and mechanics, should be more widely offered.
This out-turn is 1.3 per cent lower than the 9.7 per cent recorded for the April 2018 Survey. Pretoria:
Statistics South Africa.Statistics South Africa. (2007). Labour force survey, September 2006. Some
of the sites in a specific city attracted day labourers who appeared to be hard working, skilled
individuals; other sites in the same city clearly demonstrated social problems (e. The 2001 census
results on employment status per municipality provide data on the following: number of people
employed, number of people unemployed and number of people not economically active. The next
section highlights the personal observations of the research team, as well as those that emerged from
informal discussions held with day labourers around the country.Some Basic Demographic Dynamics
of Day Labourers in South Africa Day labourers across South Africa display certain behaviour that is
consistent, irrespective of the city or town in which they are situated. The 20052006 survey of day
labourers showed that there are nearly 1,000 places in South Africa where people were picked up
and an estimated 45,000 people, mostly black African men, stand at these sites each day seeking
work. It has been pointed out that the number of unemployed persons declined by 27.7 per cent to
111,800. According to the experiences of day labourers, the wages paid by Indian employers in
Durban were perceived to be consistently lower than those of the other racial groups.In other areas,
black employers were perceived to be the worst paying, and many English-speaking white employers
were regarded as “snobs”. Fullscreen Sharing Deliver a distraction-free reading experience with a
simple link. A comparison of the spatial patterns in Figs. 1 and 2 suggests that there is a positive
spatial association between the general levels of development (development regions) and the
numbers of. For instance, it is assumed that with democracy, people would. It is very needless to say
that today we live in an age of technology. World population level is increasing, prices continue to
increase as well, the real wage of the vast majority is falling and unemployment continues to increase
in many countries, including Jamaica. Some of the sites draw together labourers with a higher level of
skills. In some rural towns, such as Vredendal, Pongola and Musina, there were no day labourers
visible on street corners or anywhere else. Unemployment Unemployment remains one of the major
macro-economic problems facing SouthAfrica. The official unemployment data are also only
available per province (Statistics South. Valenzuela et al. (2006) conducted a nationwide study on
day labour in the USA.On any given day in the USA, approximately 117,600 workers either seek
day labour jobs or work as day labourers (Valenzuela et al. 2006: i). In Japan, these day labour pools
are known as yoseba. In moving from these general observations to a specific empirical analysis, the
next section investigates the spatial distribution of and the relationship between day labourers,
unemployment and the general level of socio-economic development in South Africa. In the case of
Musina, day labourers are not visible because of the town’s close location to the Zimbabwean border
and the resultant police presence.In Vredendal, on the other hand, an organised employment system
is in place, making it unnecessary for day labourers to stand at the side of the road. This helps to
prevent stress from overwhelming the individual and threatening the stability of family and society.
Chemistry 6. Computer Science. Earth Sciences Geography 8. In Chichester, for example, youth
unemployment is a third of what it was in 2010, and nationally it is at its lowest since 2001. The
causes are not only the recession and the collapse of the housing market, but bad decisions by the
government and businesses that need to be addressed. In Jamaica unemployment in-creased from 94
in 2007 to 127 in 2011. For different reasons, the numbers of day labourers tend to vary from place
to place. CrossRef Browett, J. G. (1975). The evolution of the South African space economy.PhD
thesis, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. Browett, J. G. (1976). The application of a
spatial model to South Africa’s Development Regions.
The 2004 data were used because they were the latest available data for regional GDP (Statistics
South Africa 2005b). Some of the sites draw together labourers with a higher level of skills. The
following mentioned are a few major causes of unemployment. Many local authorities claimed that
there were no day labourers in their towns, but informal evidence revealed the opposite.As a follow-
up, the research team used the rest of 2005 and 2006 to travel around the country and physically
count the number of day labourers and conduct preliminary interviews, using a short guideline, in the
various cities and towns. What Does It Mean If My Unemployment Status Is Voided. Day labourers
share a number of common characteristics, but there were also obvious differences in their morale
and spirit. Day labourers in the main industrialised areas of the country tend to be far more positive
in their outlook on life than their counterparts in other areas. However, since these statistics are not
available at subnational level, the percentage of the labour force (the sum of the employed and the
unemployed) that was unemployed in 2001 was used in the subsequent analysis as it is the only
unemployment data available per local municipality. Black African people have the highest level of
unemployment in South Africa (30. 7). In 2006, 25. 8 of black African males were unemployed
(Statistics South Africa 2006: xvi) compared with 27. 6 in September 2004 (Statistics South Africa
2005a:21). Most of the day labourers at a particular site are also from a single dominant language
group, and these men tend to share resources such as food available to them.In many of the rural
areas, the prime locations of hiring sites were close to an agricultural cooperative or a transport
company. Former dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences Barry Chevannes explained that
unemployment is a serious problem especially because of its chronic nature. The second aim is to
investigate the spatial distribution of and relationship between day labourers, unemployment and the
general level of socio-economic development in South Africa.Survey Methodology As a starting
point, all municipalities in South Africa, churches and other welfare organisations, as well as the
Department of Labour, were contacted during 2005 to try to determine the number of people
engaged in this employment-seeking activity on a daily basis. The United Nations and the
International Labour Organisation note that labour force surveys are expected to produce more
reliable estimates of labour market variables than censuses.The labour force survey figures are the
official labour market statistics. This route isn’t for everybody but more degree level apprenticeships
are being offered at businesses across the country including Rolls Royce who are collaborating with
Chichester University. Causes and Consequences of High Youth Unemployment There are numerous
reasons why young people have such high unemployment rates throughout the region. The Institute
noted, was influenced by a decline in the number of young people in the labour force. Although the
data obtained on day labourers have not yet been supplemented by detailed structured interviews
with a sample of the established research population, the available data do show that areas with high
levels of development, which form part of the core regions of the country, such as Cape Town,
Durban, Pretoria and Johannesburg, tend to have multiple day labour sites with high numbers per site
and high numbers per area in general. South African Geographical Journal, 52, 124128. Fair, T. J. D.
(1974). Decentralisation, dispersal and dispersion. Articles Get discovered by sharing your best
content as bite-sized articles. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the
Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. A Spatial Analysis of Day LabourersGeneral
Levels of Development Inequalities in levels of socio-economic development between different
geographical areas are typical of countries all over the world. The high unemployment rate in
Gauteng and the fact that very few day labourers seek work in the Limpopo province can probably
be attributed to the relatively short distance between Gauteng, the industrial heartland of the country,
and Limpopo province, as well the fact that there are so few employment opportunities in Limpopo.
Add Links Send readers directly to specific items or pages with shopping and web links. Statistics
South Africa. (2001b). Census in Brief. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa. Since the day labourer data
were collected on a micro-scale (street corners), a more detailed image of the spatial disparities in
day labourers, unemployment and levels of unemployment can be obtained if all the data are
represented at a lower spatial resolution than provinces.Local municipalities in South Africa represent
smaller subnational spatial units and can be used to analyse the relationship between the different
variables. The researchers recorded the names of the streets where the day labourers congregated and
counted the numbers at each site. There are several actions that could trigger this block including
submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. In 2004, North West (39.
5), KwaZulu-Natal (37), Limpopo (34. 1) and Gauteng (34. 1) had the highest levels of
unemployment. The main causes of this type of unemployment are technological advances and
outsourcing. It was surprising to see that, in some rural towns (e. g. Carnarvon in the Northern Cape),
a well-established word-of-mouth system exists that enables a prospective employer to collect a
predetermined number of day labourers from the surrounding township, without these workers
having to physically stand at the side of the road in the town itself.
References Barker, F. S. (2007). The South African Labour market- theory and practice (5th ed.).
Pretoria: Van Schaik. Blaauw, P. F. Louw, H., Schenck, R. This has caused huge unemployment in
these areas and a subsequent migration of potential day labourers into the metropolitan areas of East
London and Port Elizabeth.Workers experience differences in their circumstances at the different
hiring sites across all of the major cities and regional centres. Valenzuela et al. (2006) conducted a
nationwide study on day labour in the USA.On any given day in the USA, approximately 117,600
workers either seek day labour jobs or work as day labourers (Valenzuela et al. 2006: i). In Japan,
these day labour pools are known as yoseba. After one year, with only a mere 209 jobs established,
the tricksters were nowhere to be found. Articles Get discovered by sharing your best content as
bite-sized articles. I started work as an apprentice in a car factory near Liverpool. Friedmann
(1966:40-1) extended the coreperiphery model at national level to a more complex model consisting
of five “development regions”. There was also a 9. In order to have a positive self-image, one needs
to have self-respect, a sense of self-worth, a feeling of basic goodness about oneself. A said that an
estimated 62% of students in higher education were studying humanities, while only 32% the
sciences. Its hard to live a normal healthy life without a job and money. A man willing to work and
unable to find work is perhaps the saddest sight that fortunes inequality exhibits under this sun
Thomas Carlyle The definition of unemployment as explained in the dictionary of economics is the
state of an individual looking for a paying job but not having one. Outsourcing is the movement of
jobs mainly manufacturing and customer service to a country with a lower cost of living and hence
cheaper labor costs. This spatial concentration is an inherent part of the historical process of
industrialisation, which leaves most countries with a geographically unbalanced pattern of economic
activity and levels of development.South Africa is no exception, and the space economy is
characterised by an uneven distribution of economic activities. The South African space economy is
characterised by an uneven distribution of economic activities. In Jamaica unemployment in-creased
from 94 in 2007 to 127 in 2011. What Is The Number To File Weekly Unemployment Claim In
Mississippi. In an attempt to address the lack of research on day labour in South Africa, in 2004,
Blaauw et al. (2006) conducted a case study research project focussing on day labourers in Pretoria.
The second aim is to investigate the spatial distribution of and relationship between day labourers,
unemployment and the general level of socio-economic development in South Africa.Survey
Methodology As a starting point, all municipalities in South Africa, churches and other welfare
organisations, as well as the Department of Labour, were contacted during 2005 to try to determine
the number of people engaged in this employment-seeking activity on a daily basis. Social Posts
Create on-brand social posts and Articles in minutes. The socio-economic circumstances of the
population vary spatially, and economic activities in a national economy tend to be concentrated in a
few locations. Poverty bad parenting poor education and an unfair justice system also figure
prominently among the factors that Jamaicans blame for the murder rate moving from 39 per 100000
inhabitants at Independence in 1962 one of the. No one has time to read them all, but it’s important
to go over them at least briefly. This included a youth forum, an expo with displays on career paths,
and a National Skills Competition for students in secondary and primary schools. Secondly, the
author explains the profound differences between traditional unemployment and contemporary
joblessness, which concerns many young people in Western countries. Also, the day labourers at some
sites are hired more often than those at other sites. It was stressed that a repeat of this and other
surveys is needed to determine the transitions in this activity and the way in which day labouring
relates to the economic well-being of the people involved in it (Blaauw et al. 2006:470).The 2004
Pretoria study laid the groundwork for a countrywide research project among day labourers in South
Africa. Subsequent changes to these policies and economic circumstances have caused many of these
factories to close down or relocate. General levels of socio-economic development tend to vary from
very high per capita. Business cycle, Economics, Employment 1444 Words 8 Pages Causes and
Effects of Unemployment Unemployment or joblessness is a state of life in which a person is missing
a paid employment opportunity and is actively seeking work. Jamaica Grenada Antigua and Barbuda
experienced slower growth in unemployment.
Some of the sites bring together day labourers with a higher level of skills. CrossRef Browett, J. G.
(1975). The evolution of the South African space economy.PhD thesis, University of the
Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. Browett, J. G. (1976). The application of a spatial model to South
Africa’s Development Regions. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, NS,
9(4), 458471. Bloch, R. (2000). Subnational economic development in present-day South Africa.
Some of the sites draw together labourers with a higher level of skills. Summary This essay discusses
the common causes of eating disorders in teenagers and defines bulimia and anorexia nervosa, the
two most common eating disorders. There were also obvious differences in the morale and spirit of
the day labourers. Since the day labourer data were collected on a micro-scale (street corners), a
more detailed image of the spatial disparities in day labourers, unemployment and levels of
unemployment can be obtained if all the data are represented at a lower spatial resolution than
provinces.Local municipalities in South Africa represent smaller subnational spatial units and can be
used to analyse the relationship between the different variables. Poverty bad parenting poor
education and an unfair justice system also figure prominently among the factors that Jamaicans
blame for the murder rate moving from 39 per 100000 inhabitants at Independence in 1962 one of
the. In the last two decades there has been not enough jobs to absorb people coming into the labour
market. Outsourcing is the movement of jobs mainly manufacturing and customer service to a
country with a lower cost of living and hence cheaper labor costs. He noted however that the growth
was not as high as projected due mainly to the negative effects of unexpectedly high rainfall on
agriculture and delays in restarting the production of bauxite and alumina. The extremely valuable
comments of an anonymous referee of Economic Research Southern Africa (ERSA) are greatly
appreciated. After record-low unemployment rates of 84 per cent in July and 87 per cent in October
2018 the unemployment in January 2019 declined to a new low of eight per cent. Also, day labourers
at some sites are hired more often than those at other sites. I started work as an apprentice in a car
factory near Liverpool. Many local authorities claimed that there were no day labourers in their
towns, but informal evidence revealed the opposite.As a follow-up, the research team used the rest
of 2005 and 2006 to travel around the country and physically count the number of day labourers and
conduct preliminary interviews, using a short guideline, in the various cities and towns. The total
number of unemployed youth decreased by 14,600 persons to 45,200. During periods of recession,
an economy usually experiences a relatively high unemployment rate. In many rural towns, the
average can be as low as R30 to R40 per day. Decentralisation policies in the past led to the
development of factories in Umtata and surrounding areas. Emancipation in 1838 brought freedom
to the 300,000 slave population of Jamaica. Data (Statistics South Africa 2001a) on 15 socio-
economic variables for 249 spatial units (local municipalities) were analysed using multivariate
statistical analyses (principal component, cluster and discriminant analyses). The causes are not only
the recession and the collapse of the housing market, but bad decisions by the government and
businesses that need to be addressed. The South African space economy is characterised by an
uneven distribution of economic activities. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.
Vocabulary and Grammar Cause- effect Example Sentences. In percent, against the total population,
we term it as the labor force participation rate. It was stressed that a repeat of this and other surveys
is needed to determine the transitions in this activity and the way in which day labouring relates to
the economic well-being of the people involved in it (Blaauw et al. 2006:470).The 2004 Pretoria
study laid the groundwork for a countrywide research project among day labourers in South Africa.
Pretoria: D. Litt et Phil. thesis, University of South Africa. Harmse, A. C. (2007). Socio-economic
development regions in the South African space economy. Unemployment is an economic problem
due to the fact that when the economy is not doing well businesses begin to lay off workers.