BRIDGE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

The objective of a bridge design is to produce a safe bridge that is elegant and satisfies all functional
requirements.

I’ve learned and used the following International standards including the specifications, manuals, codes,
and guidelines followed by Chinese, Tanzanian, Japanese and Indian Highway, and Railway Bridge
projects.
➢ Japanese Standards published by the Japan Industrial Standards (JIS)
(i) JIS SUS 304 Stainless steel
(ii) Japan reinforcing Bar Joint Institute: Standards and Specifications for Reinforcement
bar joints.
(iii) JIS A 5372 Precast Reinforced Concrete Production
(iv) JIS A 5373-2016 Precast prestressed concrete products
(v) JIS K 6254 Rubber vulcanized or thermoplastic – Determination of stress-strain
properties.

➢ Indian Standards (IS) published by the India Standards (IS)

(i) Indian Railways Bridge Manual 1998
(ii) Code of Practice for Plain Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete for General Bridge
Manual 1998.
(iii) SP: 23 1982, Handbook on concrete mixes.
(iv) SP: 34 1987, Handbook on concrete reinforcement and detailing.
(v) Specification for Fabrication and Erection of Steel Girder Bridge and Locomotive Turn-
tables (fabrication Specifications) BS-2001
(vi) Manual on the Design and Construction of well and Pile Foundations, 1985.
(vii) BS: 110(R) – 2016 Guidelines on Fabrication of Steel Girders for Construction/field
(viii) IS 280:2006, Mild steel wire for General Engineering Purpose (Fourth Revision).
(ix) IS 456: 2000 (REAFFIRMED 2013), Specification for Test Sieves: Part 1 (Wire cloth test
sieves), Part II (Perforated plate test sieves), Part III (Methods of Examination of
Apertures of Test Sieves).
(x) IS 516:1959 (REAFFIRMED 2013), Method of Test for Strength of Concrete.
(xi) IS 800: 2007, General Construction in Steel-Codes of Practice.

➢ International Standards
(i) BS 5400: Parts 1-10: Steel, concrete and composite bridges
(ii) BS 5975:2008 Code of practice for temporary works procedures and the permissible
stress design of falsework.
(iii) AASHTO LRFD Bridge Construction Specifications 3rd Edition - 2010
(iv) FHWA-NHI-13-026 Post-Tensioning Tendon Installation and Grouting Manual
(v) BS 8110 Part 1: Structural use of concrete
(vi) BS 5950: Structural use of Steelwork
(vii) FHWA-NHI-10-016 Drilled Shafts: Construction Procedures and LRFD Design Methods
(viii) Etc.
 ➢ Tanzanian Standards
(i) 1. Pavement and Materials Design Manual - 1999
(ii) 2. Standards Specifications for Road Works – 2000
(iii) 3. Field Testing Manuals – 2003

➢ Chinese Standards
(i) 1. 中华人民共和国铁道部. 铁路桥涵设计基本规范. 2005; TB 10002.1.

Each Country has its own “Design Guidelines, Criteria, and Standards for Bridge Design and Construction,
However, I observed a similarity and minor differences based on the geographical environment of the
country, weather, climate and others which is normal when following a specific country’s standards and
specifications.