Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region I
Schools Division Office I Pangasinan
BATIARAO ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Batiarao, Anda, Pangasinan

G5s PolygON the Adventure

A Mathematical Investigation for Grade 5

STEPHANIE JANE R. GALGO

MARK JACOB C. ESTERO

MARK ANGELO C. MARCIANO

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PRELIMINARIES PAGE

Title Page………………………………………………………………………1

Table of Contents……………………………………………………………2

INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………3

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM………………………………………..3

CONJECTURES……………………………………………………………….3

VERIFYING CONJECTURES………………………………………………4

JUSTIFICATION……………………………………………………………...5

SUMMARY………………………………………………………………………7

POSSIBLE EXTENSIONS……………………………………………………7

REFERENCES………………………………………………………………….8

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 INTRODUCTION
Polygons are essential geometric shapes that students encounter in
their mathematics education. In Grade 5, students begin to explore
polygons more deeply, learning about their properties, classifications,
and relationships. This investigation aims to deepen Grade 5 students'
understanding of polygons and their characteristics through exploration
and analysis.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The investigation focuses on understanding the properties and
characteristics of polygons. Students will explore questions such as:

 What defines a polygon?

 How are polygons classified based on the number of sides
and angles?
 What relationships exist between the sides, angles, and
vertices of polygons?
 How can we determine the interior and exterior angles of
polygons?

CONJECTURES
Based on initial observations and discussions, several conjectures
arise:

1. A polygon is a closed geometric figure composed of straight line

segments called sides.
2. The sum of the interior angles of a polygon with ( n ) sides can
be calculated using the formula (n - 2) x 180° .
3. The exterior angle of a polygon is equal to 360 ° divided by the
number of sides.

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 VERIFYING CONJECTURES
To verify these conjectures, students will engage in practical
activities and explorations. They will examine different polygons, measure
angles and side lengths, and apply formulas to calculate angles. Students
will also explore the properties of regular polygons and compare them
with other polygons to identify patterns and relationships.

Verify Conjecture 1

A polygon is a two-dimensional geometric figure that has a finite

number of sides. The sides of a polygon are made of straight line
segments connected to each other end to end. Thus, the line segments of
a polygon are called sides or edges. The point where two line segments
meet is called vertex or corners, henceforth an angle is formed. An
example of a polygon is a triangle with three sides, a square with four
sides and a pentagon with 5 sides, like what is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Polygons.

Verify Conjecture 2

The interior angles of a polygon are those angles that lie inside the
polygon. Observe the interior angles A, B, and C in the Figure 2. The
interior angles in a regular polygon are always equal to each other.
Therefore, to find the sum of the interior angles of a polygon, we use the
formula: Sum of interior angles = (n − 2) × 180° where 'n' = the number of
sides of a polygon.

Figure 2. Sum of interior angles of a polygon.

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Verify Conjecture 3

An exterior angle (outside angle) of any shape or regular polygon

is the angle formed by one side and the extension of the adjacent side of
that polygon. Observe the exterior angles shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3. Sum of exterior angles of a polygon.

The sum of the exterior angles of a polygon is equal to 360°. This
can be proved with the following steps:
 We know that the sum of the interior angles of a regular polygon with
'n' sides = 180 (n-2).
 The interior and exterior angle at each vertex form a linear pair.
Therefore, there will be 'n' linear pairs in the polygon. Now, since each
linear pair sums up to 180°, the sum of all linear pairs will be: 180n°.
 So, the sum of exterior angles = Sum of all linear pairs - Sum of
interior angles
 This means: Sum of exterior angles = 180n – 180(n-2) = 180n – 180n
+ 360. Hence, the sum of exterior angles of a pentagon equals 360°.

JUSTIFICATION
Through experimentation and reasoning, students will gather
evidence to support or refute the conjectures. Measuring angles and side
lengths of polygons will confirm Conjectures 1, 2, and 3. Additionally,
students will develop their problem-solving skills and strengthen their
understanding of geometric concepts.

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Justification 1

By definition, we know that the polygon is made up of line

segments. Below are the shapes of some polygons that are enclosed by
the different number of line segments.

Figure 4. Polygons in different shapes.

Justification 2

Example:

What is the Sum of the Interior Angles in a Hexagon?

Solution:

A hexagon has 6 sides, therefore, n = 6

The sum of interior angles of a regular polygon, S = (n − 2) × 180

S = (6-2) × 180°
S = 4 × 180
S=720°

Therefore, the sum of interior angles of a hexagon is 720°.

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Justification 3

Example:
The exterior angles of a regular pentagon are y, 2y, 3y, 4y, and 8y.
What is the size of the smallest interior angle of this pentagon?

Solution:

The sum of the exterior angles of a regular polygon is 360°.

Therefore y + 2y + 3y + 4y + 8y = 360°

18y = 360°
y = 360°/18
y = 20°

The size of the largest exterior angle = 8 × y = 8 × 20° = 160°

We know that the sum of an exterior angle and its adjacent interior
angle = 180°.

Therefore, the size of the smallest interior angle = 180° − 160° = 20°

SUMMARY
This investigation provides Grade 5 students with the opportunity
to explore the properties and characteristics of polygons. By engaging in
practical activities and explorations, students develop a deeper
understanding of geometric shapes and their relationships.

POSSIBLE EXTENSIONS
Potential extensions of this investigation include:
 Exploring the properties of specific types of polygons, such
as parallelograms, trapezoids, and rhombuses.
 Investigating the relationships between the sides, angles, and
diagonals of polygons.
 Introducing concepts of symmetry and tessellations using
polygons.
 Applying the understanding of polygons to solve real-world
problems, such as calculating the area of irregular shapes or
designing geometric patterns.

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 REFERENCES
1. https://www.cuemath.com/geometry/sum-of-angles-in-a-polygon/
2.https://byjus.com/maths/polygon/#:~:text=The%20sides%20of%20a
%20polygon,a%20triangle%20with%20three%20sides.
3. 21st Century Math Grade 5