SESENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

H SCHOOL

SHS Core Subject

Statistics and Probability
Quarter 4 - Module 5
Solving Problems Involving Test
of Hypothesis on Population
Mean

1
Introductory Message
Welcome to the Statistics and Probability Grade 11 Solving Problems Involving Test

of Hypothesis on Population Mean

This module was designed to provide you with opportunities for guided and
independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the
contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This part includes an activity that aims to
check what you already know about the
What I Know
lesson to take.
(Pre-Test)

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in
(Objectives) the module.

This is a brief drill or review to help you

What’s In link the current lesson with the previous
(Review/Springboard) one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways; a story,
What’s New
(Presentation of the Lesson) a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of
the lesson. This aims to help you discover
What is It
(Discussion) and understand new concepts and skills.
This section provides activities which will
What’s More help you transfer your new knowledge or
(Application) skill into real life situations or concerns.

What I Need To Remember This includes key points that you need to
(Generalization) remember.

This comprises activities for independent

What I Can Do practice to solidify your understanding and
(Enrichment Activities) skills of the topic.

This is a task which aims to evaluate your

Assessment level of mastery in achieving the learning
(Post Test) competency.

This contains answers to the following:

Answer Key • What I Know
• What’s In
• What’s More

2
 References This is the list of all sources used in developing
this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in this module.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with
it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you
are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
About the Module
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
about the Solving Problems Involving Test of Hypothesis on Population Mean. The
scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The
language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are
arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you
read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
This module has only one lesson:
Lesson 1 – Solving Problems Involving Test of Hypothesis on Population
Mean

After going through this module, you are expected to:

solve problems involving test of hypothesis on the population mean.

3
 What I Know (Pre-Test)

Instructions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your chosen answer
on a separate sheet of paper.

1. It is a decision-making process for evaluating claims about a population

based on the characteristics of a sample purportedly coming from that
population. The decision is whether the characteristic is acceptable or not.
A. Data analysis C. Sampling technique

B. Hypothesis testing D. Statistical analysis

2.What type of test is non-directional?

A. left-tailed test C. two-tailed test

B. right – tailed test D. none of the above

3. If the alternative hypothesis (Ha) contains the symbol “<”, the test is a _____.
A. left-tailed B. right-tailed C. one-tailed D. two-tailed
4. A confidence level of 99% means a significance level of _____
A. α = 0.01 B. α = 0.05 C. α = 0.10 D. α = 0.99

5. The critical value of a z-test is a _____.

A. α B. area under the curve C. z-score D. µ

For item number 6 -10, refer to the given problem below:

A professor wants to know if incorporating relevant videos in his class
increases the academic performance of the students. A class of 40
students participated in the experiment. After subjecting the class to
popular music they then took a 50-item test. The mean score of the
students (𝒙
̅) is 35 and the standard deviation (s) is 3. The same previous
study revealed a mean (µ) of 33. The professor claimed that relevant videos
increases students’ performance. Test the claim at 0.05 level of
significance.

Problem/claim: Does incorporating relevant videos in class increase the

academic performance of the students?

6. The null hypothesis (H0) in symbol should be _____.

A. µ = 33 B. µ ≤ 33 C. µ ≠ 33 D. µ > 33

7. The alternative hypothesis (H1) in symbol should be _____.

A. µ = 33 B. µ ≤ 33 C. µ ≠ 33 D. µ > 33

8. The direction of the test is _____.

A. left-tailed B. right-tailed C. one-tailed D. two-tailed

1
9. The α significance level is _____.

A. 0.01 B. 0.05 C. 0.10 D. 0.95

10. The test statistics is the z-test for the mean, with a formula of _____.
x̅− µ x̅− µ (x̅1 −x̅2 ) (x̅1 −x̅2 )
A. zTV = B. zTV = C. zTV = D. zTV =
𝜎/√𝑛 𝑠/√𝑛
𝜎2 𝜎2 𝑠 2𝑠 2
√ 1+ 2 √ 1+ 2
𝑛1 𝑛2 𝑛1 𝑛2

11. The critical value and rejection is _____.

A. zCV = 1.65, reject Ho if zTV > zCV C. zCV = - 1.65, reject Ho if zTV > zCV

B. zCV = 1.65, reject Ho if zTV < zCV D. zCV = - 1.65, reject Ho if zTV < zCV

12. Solving for zTV gives _____.

A. zTV = -1.53 B. zTV = 1.53 C. zTV = -2.53 D. zTV = 2.53

13. The finding is _____.

A. zTV < zCV B. zTV > zCV C. zTV ≤ zCV D. zTV ≥ zCV

14. The decision is _____.

A. accept H0 C. reject H0
B. failed to reject H0 D. cannot be determined
15. The interpretation in symbol is _____.
A. µ = 33 B. µ ≤ 33 C. µ ≠ 33 D. µ > 33

2
Lesson Solving Problems Involving Test
1 of Hypothesis on Population
Mean

What I Need To Know

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
o solve problems involving test of hypothesis on the population mean

What’s In
Directions: Arrange the steps of hypothesis testing by writing 1-5 on the
space provided.

___________1. Decision
___________2. Determine the test statistic that will be used to conduct the
hypothesis test and compute the test value/statistic (TV).
____________3. Statistical Hypotheses (Null Hypothesis and Alternative
Hypothesis) and Direction Test
___________ 4. Interpretation and draw a conclusion based on the comparison
of the calculated value of the test statistic and the critical value
of the test
____________5. Find the critical value for the test and draw the critical region.

What’s New

In testing hypothesis on the population means, follow the steps below:

The steps in hypothesis testing are:

Preliminaries: identify the given and state the problem/claim
Step 1 Statistical Hypotheses (Null Hypothesis and Alternative
Hypothesis) and Direction Test
Step 2 Find the critical value for the test and draw the critical region.

Step 3 Determine the test statistic that will be used to conduct the
hypothesis test and compute the test value/statistic (TV).

Step 4 Decision

Step 5 Interpretation and Draw a conclusion based on the

comparison of the calculated value of the test statistic and
the critical value of the test.

3
 This is a summarized procedures, other books or authors may have more
or a smaller number of steps.

What Is It
Be ready with your z table; you will also be given a new table – the t table.
Both tables will be used in this module.
What follows is a discussion with an example to illustrate how the steps in
hypothesis testing plans out using the situation below:

Example 1: Suppose the owner of a soda (soft drink) company claimed that
their new product in can has an average capacity of 330 mL. However, a
particular store owner selling the new product said that its average capacity
is not 330 mL after sampling 100 cans and found out that average content is
only 326 mL with a standard deviation of 2.5 mL. Test the claim at the 0.05
significance level.

STEPS EXAMPLE
Preliminaries Problem/Claim: Does
This part of the process is where you state the problem the new product have
or claim of the given situation/case. Also include here an average content of
every information provided in the situation that could be 330 mL?
helpful in the hypothesis testing. Given: μ = 330mL,
𝑥̅ = 326mL, s = 2.5 mL,
, n = 100, α = 0.05
Step 1: Statistical Hypotheses and Direction of Test
Statistical hypotheses:
The statistical hypotheses should be written both in
words and in symbols. Note that the hypotheses are Step 1: Statistical
constructed as an answer to the problem/claim. Hypothesis and
Indicate also here the type of statistical test to be used Direction of Test
(this will be discussed in the next lessons). See the
examples to the right. H0: The new product has
Direction of Test: an average content of
Recall that the normal curve evolved from the 330 mL. (μ = 300)
probability distribution. With the area under the
curve being probability values that you need for H1: The new product
decision-making. In hypothesis testing, you does not have an
determine the probability of obtaining the sample average content of 330
results if the null hypothesis is true. Thus, the mL.
calculations can be graphically represented by using (μ ≠ 300)
the normal curve.
The direction can be: Statistical Test: z test
• non-directional or a two-tailed test
• directional which could be a left-tailed test or a Direction of Test:
right-tailed test two-tailed test
The usage of which direction of test depends on the
statistical hypotheses as illustrated below:

4
Direction of Corresponding Normal To be used
Test Curve when:

𝛼
1-α 𝛼
H0: μ = k
two-tailed 2 2

test
H1: μ ≠ k
μ

H0: μ = k or
left- α 1-α μ≥k
tailed
test
H1: μ < k
μ

H0: μ = k or
right- 1-α α
μ≤k
tailed
test
H1: μ > k
μ

Step 2: Level of Significance and Critical Value (CV) Step 2: Level of

Significance and
Level of Significance Critical Value (CV)
The level of significance is the maximum probability of
committing a type I error. This probability is Level of Significance:
symbolized by α. That is, P(type I error) = α. α = 0.05 but since this is
Statisticians generally agree on using three arbitrary a two-tailed test, you
significance levels: the 0.10, 0.05, and 0.01 levels. have α /2 = 0.05/2 =
That is, if the null hypothesis is rejected, the 0.0025
probability of a type I error will be 10%, 5%, or 1%,
depending on which level of significance is used. Critical value: zCV =
For this module, you normally use α = 0.05 and α = 0.01 ±1.96, that is 1.96 for
for life-and-death cases, e.g. medical researchers; the right side and -
unless of course if α is provided in the situation as in 1.96 for the left side
our example.
Critical Value (CV) This is because Aleft =
The critical value separates the critical region from the 0.025 corresponds to
noncritical region. the zCV = -1.96 (left
The critical or rejection region is the range of values side) and Aright = 1 – Aleft
of the test value that indicates that there is a = 1 – 0.025 = 0.975
significant difference and that the null hypothesis which corresponds to
should be rejected. The noncritical or nonrejection zCV = 1.96 (right side).
region is the range of values of the test value that
indicates that the difference was probably due to Here’s a summary of zCV
chance and that the null hypothesis should not be for your reference (z
rejected. tests only).
For z tests, the critical value (CV) is determined by
looking for the corresponding z scores considering α
Direc
the level of significance (α) as the area under the leve CV
tion
curve. Critical values for t test will l
correspondingly use the t table. two- zCV =
tailed ±1.65

5
 As a simple rule, H0 is rejected whenever the test value left- zCV = -
(TV) falls inside the critical region, as illustrated α= tailed 1.28
below: 0.10 right- zCV =
two-tailed left-tailed right-tailed tailed 1.28
test test test two- zCV =
tailed ±1.96
α= left- zCV = -
0.05 tailed 1.65
right- zCV =
critical values tailed 1.65
rejection region
(CV) two- zCV =
CV are z scores as indicated above (use z
Reject H0 if test value (TV) falls in this region.
or t tables) tailed ±2.58
α= left- zCV = -
*Note: Test values (TV) will be discussed in the next step. 0.01 tailed 2.33
right- zCV =
tailed 2.33
Step 3: Test Value (TV)
Many hypotheses are tested using a statistical test based
on a general formula shown below:
(𝐨𝐛𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞) − (𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞)
𝐭𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 (𝐓𝐕) = Step 3: Test Value (TV)
𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐨𝐫
The observed value is the statistic (such as the sample
mean, 𝑥̅ ) that is computed from the sample data. The Using the z test for the
expected value is the parameter (such as the population mean:
mean, σ) that you would expect to obtain if the null ̅−𝝁
𝒙 326 − 330
𝒛𝑻𝑽 = =
hypothesis were true – in other words, the hypothesized 𝒔/√𝒏 2.5/√100
value. The denominator is the standard error of the −4
=
statistic being tested (in this case, the standard error of 2.5/10
the mean). −4
= = −16
For this module, you will only be focusing on z and t tests 0.25
and their different types which will be presented to you zCV = -16
in the next lessons of this module.
For our example, you will be suing the formula: 𝒛𝑪𝑽 =
̅−𝝁
𝒙
𝒔/√𝒏
Step 4: Decision Step 4: Decision
This is the part where you decide whether to reject or Rejection Criteria:
failed to reject H0. Reject H0 if zTV ≤ zCV for
the left side (negative)
Rejection Criteria or zTV ≥ zCV for the right
The rejection criteria follows directly from the Steps 2 side.
and 3 by comparing the critical value (CV) and the test Since zTV is negative as
value (CV) or simply put, if the test value (TV) falls computed in Step 3;
whether in the critical region, in which case you reject you use the left side in
H0, or in the noncritical region, in which case you failed the comparison, that
to reject H0 (refer to the figure in Step 2). is, zTV = -16 and zCV = -
1.96.
The figure below summarizes these criteria (for both z
and t tests). Clearly, zTV < zCV since -
16 < -1.96.

6
 Reject H0 In the normal curve:
Direction Failed to Reject H0 if:
if:
left side zTV = -16
(negative):
left side (negative): zTV > zCV
zTV ≤ zCV zCV = -1.96
two-tailed
right side (positive): zTV < Decision: Reject H0.
right side
zCV
(positive):
zTV ≥ zCV Interpretation:
left-tailed zTV ≤ zCV zTV > zCV
right-tailed zTV ≥ zCV zTV < zCV

You make the decision after comparing these values.

Step 5:Interpretation and Conclusion Step 5:
Interpretation
You state the following in the interpretation of the and Conclusion
results.
➢when H0 is rejected: There is enough evidence to There is enough evidence
reject H0. to reject H0. This means
➢when H0 is not rejected: There is not enough that the average content
evidence to reject H0. of the new product is
actually not 330 mL,
You then answer the problem based on the result contrary to the claim of
of the test hypothesis. the company owner. The
accusation of the store
owner indeed has
statistical merit.

Example 2. An instructor claimed that the average final score in math exam of the
students is 85. The college dean disagreed that it is less than 85 since a sample
collected from the scores of 40 math students yielded a result that the average final
score was 83 with a standard deviation of 8. Test the claim at 0.05 α.

Solutions:
Preliminaries:
Problem: Is the average final score in math exam of the students 85?
Given: μ = 85, 𝑥̅ = 83, s = 8, , n = 40, α = 0.05

Step 1: Statistical Hypotheses and Direction of Test

H0: The average final score in math exam of the students is 85. (μ = 85)
H1: The average final score in math exam of the students is less than 85. (μ < 85)

Statistical Test: z test for the mean

Direction of Test: left-tailed test (based on the H1, refer to Step 1 in the discussion
from the previous lesson of this module)

7
 Step 2: Level of Significance and Critical Value (CV)

Level of Significance: α = 0.05

Critical value: zCV = -1.65

This is because Aleft = 0.05 corresponds to zCV = -1.65 in the z table.
Step 3: Test Value (TV)

Using the z test for the mean:

̅−𝝁
𝒙 83 − 85 −2 −2
𝒛𝑻𝑽 = = = = = −𝟏. 𝟓𝟖
𝒔/√𝒏 8/√40 8/6.325 1.265

Step 4: Decision

Rejection Criteria: Reject H0 if zTV ≤ zCV.

From Steps 2 & 3, zTV > zCV since -1.58 > -1.65.

In the normal curve:

zTV = -1.58

zCV = -1.65

Decision: Failed to reject H0.

Step 5: Interpretation and Conclusion

There is not enough evidence to reject H0. This means that the average final score in
math exam of the students is indeed 85 and the instructor was right.

Example 3: A study was conducted to compare the length of time it took male and
female students from the same year level to answer a test. Independent samples of
30 male students and 35 female students were asked to take a test in which each
person was timed. The results were as follows:
➢ Males: n1 = 30 , 𝑥1 = 42 mins.
̅̅̅ , 𝑠12 = 6 mins.
➢ Females: n2 = 35 , 𝑥2 = 38 mins.
̅̅̅ , 𝑠22 = 4 mins.
Test at 0.05 level of significance if it took longer time for the males to answer the test
than the girls.

8
Solutions:
Preliminaries:
Problem: Do males take longer time to answer the test than the females?
𝑥1 = 42, 𝑠12 = 6, n2 = 35, ̅̅̅
Given: n1 = 30, ̅̅̅ 𝑥2 = 38, 𝑠22 = 4, α = 0.05

Step 1: Statistical Hypotheses and Direction of Test

H0: The males take equal or lesser time to answer the test than the females.
(𝑥̅̅̅1 ≤ ̅̅̅)
𝑥2
H1: The males take longer time to answer the test than the girls.
(𝑥
̅̅̅1 > ̅̅̅)
𝑥2

Statistical Test: z test for 2 means of independent samples

Direction of Test: right-tailed test (based on the H1, refer to Step 1 in the discussion
from the previous lesson of this module)
Step 2: Level of Significance and Critical Value (CV)

Level of Significance: α = 0.05

Critical value: zCV = 1.65

This is because Aright = 1 – Aleft = 1 – 0.05 = 0.95 which corresponds to zCV = 1.65
(right side).
Step 3: Test Value (TV)

Using the z test for 2 means of independent samples:

(x̅1 −x̅2 ) (42−38) 4 4 4

zTV = = = = = = 𝟕. 𝟏𝟒
6 4 11 √0.314 0.56
𝑠2 𝑠2 √ + √
√ 1+ 2 30 35 35
𝑛1 𝑛2

Step 4: Decision

Rejection Criteria: Reject H0 if zTV ≥ zCV.

From Steps 2 & 3, zTV > zCV since 7.14 > 1.65.

In the normal curve:

zTV = 7.14

zCV = 1.65

Decision: Reject H0.

Step 5: Interpretation and Conclusion

There is enough evidence to reject H0. This means that the males do take longer
time to answer the test than the girls.

9
Example 4: In a Montessori school, the school head claimed that the average starting
age of preschool children in Cebu is at least 4 years old. From a randomly selected
group of 25 parents of preschoolers, it was found out that their children started
schooling, on average at age 3, with a standard deviation of 0.85. Test the claim of
the school head at 0.05 level of significance.

Solutions
Preliminaries:
Problem: Is the average starting age of preschool children in Cebu at least 4 years
old?
Given: μ = 4, 𝑥̅ = 3, s = 0.85, n = 25, α = 0.05
Step 1: Statistical Hypotheses and Direction of Test

H0: The average starting age of preschool children in Cebu is at least 4 years
old. (μ ≥ 4)
H1: The average starting age of preschool children in Cebu is less than 4 years
old. (μ < 4)

Statistical Test: t test for the mean since n < 30

Direction of Test: left-tailed test (based on the H1, refer to Step 1 in the
discussion from the previous lesson of this module)
Step 2: Level of Significance and Critical Value (CV)

Level of Significance: α = 0.05

Critical value: with df = n – 1 = 25 – 1 = 24

tCV = -1.711 from the t table, with the negative sign attached to
the value because it is a left-tailed test
Step 3: Test Value (TV)

Using the t test for the mean:

̅−𝝁
𝒙 3−4 −1 −1
𝒕𝑻𝑽 = = = = = −𝟓. 𝟖𝟖𝟐
𝒔/√𝒏 0.85/√25 0.85/5 0.17

Step 4: Decision

Rejection Criteria: Reject H0 if tTV ≤ tCV.

From Steps 2 & 3, tTV < tCV since -5.88 < -1.711.

In the normal curve:

tTV = -5.882

tCV = -1.711

Decision: Reject H0.

10
Step 5: Interpretation and Conclusion:

There is enough evidence to reject H0. This means that the average starting age
of preschool children in Cebu is less than 4 years old. The school head was
wrong.

Example 5: A production manager implemented a new training to increase the average

output of the workers. Two groups of 20 workers each were involved in the
experiment, one group underwent the training and the other group did not. Test at
0.05 α if the training increased the average output of the workers if the result of the
experiment were as follows:
➢ with training:
n1 = 20 , 𝑥1 = 50
̅̅̅ 𝑠12 = 12
➢ without training: n2 = 20 𝑥2 = 48.2
̅̅̅ 𝑠22 = 14
Example 5:
Preliminaries:
Problem: Does the training increased the average output of workers?
𝑥1 = 50, 𝑠12 = 12, n2 = 20, ̅̅̅
Given: n1 = 20, ̅̅̅ 𝑥2 = 48.2, 𝑠22 = 14, α = 0.05

Step 1: Statistical Hypotheses and Direction of Test

H0: The training did not increase the average output of the workers. (𝑥
̅̅̅1 = ̅̅̅)
𝑥2
H1: The training increased the average output of the workers.
(𝑥
̅̅̅1 > ̅̅̅)
𝑥2

Statistical Test: t test for 2 means of independent samples since both n1 and n2
are less than 30.

Direction of Test: right-tailed test (based on the H1, refer to Step 1 in the
discussion from the previous lesson of this module)
Step 2: Level of Significance and Critical Value (CV)

Level of Significance: α = 0.05

Critical value: with df = n – 1 (any of the two n since they are equal)
df = 20 – 1 = 19
tCV = 1.729 from the t table
Step 3: Test Value (TV)

Using the z test for 2 means of independent samples:

(x̅1 −x̅2 ) (50−48.2) 1.8 1.8 1.8

zTV = = = = = = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟕𝟗
12 14 13 √1.3 1.14
𝑠2 𝑠2 √ + √
√ 1+ 2 20 20 10
𝑛1 𝑛2

Step 4: Decision

Rejection Criteria: Reject H0 if tTV ≥ tCV.

11
From Steps 2 & 3, tTV < tCV since 1.579 < 1.729.

In the normal curve:

tTV = 1.579

tCV = 1.729

Decision: Failed to reject H0.

Interpretation:

Step 5: Interpretation and Conclusion

There is not enough evidence to reject H0. This means that the training did not
increase the average output of the workers.

What’s More
Directions: Perform hypothesis testing on the following situations.

1. In a Montessori school, the school head claimed that the average

starting age of preschool children in Cebu is at least 3 years old. From a
randomly selected group of 50 parents of preschoolers, it was found out
that their children started schooling, on average at age 4, with a standard
deviation of 0.85. Test the claim of the school head at 0.05 level of
significance.

Preliminaries

Step 1: Statistical
Hypotheses and
Direction of Test

Step 2: Level of
Significance and
Critical Value (CV)

Step 3: Test Value (TV)

Step 4: Decision

Step 5: Interpretation
and Conclusion

12
2. A production manager implemented a new training to increase the average
output of the workers. Two groups of 20 workers each were involved in the
experiment, one group underwent the training and the other group did not.
Test at 0.05 α if the training increased the average output of the workers if
the result of the experiment were as follows:
➢ with training: n1 = 20 , 𝑥1 = 50
̅̅̅ , 𝑠12 = 12
➢ without training: n2 = 20, 𝑥2 = 48.2 , 𝑠22 = 14
̅̅̅

Preliminaries

Step 1: Statistical
Hypotheses and
Direction of Test
Step 2: Level of
Significance and
Critical Value (CV)
Step 3: Test Value (TV)

Step 4: Decision

Step 5: Interpretation
and Conclusion

3. A survey showed that the average weight of babies at birth is 3.4

kilograms. The average weight of a random sample of 25 newborn babies
was determined. It was found out that the average weight was 3.1 kg with
a standard deviation of 0.8 kg. Test at 0.05 level of significance if the
average weight of babies is indeed 3.4 kg and not less.

Preliminaries

Step 1: Statistical
Hypotheses and
Direction of Test

Step 2: Level of
Significance and
Critical Value (CV)

Step 3: Test Value (TV)

13
 Step 4: Decision

Step 5: Interpretation
and Conclusion

4. A SHS teacher claimed that incorporating popular music in her class

increases or improves the academic performance of the students. To test
this claim, an experiment involving two classes were conducted. One of
groups underwent classes where music was incorporated, and the other
group were not. The academic performances of both classes were then
measured. The result of the experiment was:
➢ with music: n1 = 25 , ̅̅̅
𝑥1 = 82 , 𝑠12 = 7
➢ without music: n2 = 20 , ̅̅̅
𝑥2 = 84 , 𝑠22 = 5

Preliminaries

Step 1: Statistical
Hypotheses and
Direction of Test

Step 2: Level of
Significance and
Critical Value (CV)

Step 3: Test Value (TV)

Step 4: Decision

Step 5: Interpretation
and Conclusion

14
 What I Need To Remember

The steps in hypothesis testing are:

Preliminaries: identify the given and state the problem/claim
Step 1: Statistical Hypotheses (Null Hypothesis and Alternative
Hypothesis) and Direction Test
Step 2: Find the critical value for the test and draw the critical
region.
Step 3: Determine the test statistic that will be used to conduct the
hypothesis test and compute the test value/statistic (TV).
Step 4: Decision
Step 5: Interpretation and draw a conclusion based on the comparison
of the calculated value of the test statistic and the critical value of
the test.

What I Can Do
Instructions: Do this task by making statistically based decisions regarding
populations through hypothesis testing. In each given situation, determine the
appropriate test to use and apply hypothesis testing to correctly make a sound
decision. You may need to solve for some descriptions of data since the
samples are given raw.

Problem: A research claimed that the average cost of men’s sporting

shoes is less than ₱3,800.00. He selected a random sample of 40 pairs of
shoes from a catalog and finds the following costs (see table below). Test the
researcher’s claim at 0.05 level of significance.

2700 2800 3300 3500 2600 3700 1500 4700 3300 3300
2500 2300 1900 3800 3300 2400 4400 4000 3500 4400
5300 5600 4200 3500 4000 3800 2800 2100 2800 2800
5400 5200 3100 3800 4000 4000 2100 4200 4200 4200

Criteria 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50%

The entire
Only the
Accuracy and process is Accurate Accurate Accurate Accurate
preliminari
Completeness accurate and until Step until Step until until
es are
(30 points) arriving at a 4. 3. Step 2. Step 1.
accurate.
sound decision.

15
 Assessment (Post Test)
Instructions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your chosen answer
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. If the alternative hypothesis (Ha) contains the symbol “<”, the test is a _____.

A. left-tailed B. right-tailed C. one-tailed D. two-tailed

2. It is a decision-making process for evaluating claims about a population
based on the characteristics of a sample purportedly coming from that
population. The decision is whether the characteristic is acceptable or not.
A. Data analysis C. Sampling technique

B. Hypothesis testing D. Statistical analysis

3. What type of test is non-directional?
A. left-tailed test C. two-tailed test
B. right – tailed test D. none of the above
4.The critical value of a z-test is a _____.
A. α B. area under the curve C. z-score D. µ

5. A confidence level of 99% means a significance level of _____

A. α = 0.01 B. α = 0.05 C. α = 0.10 D. α = 0.99

For item number 6 -10, refer to the given problem below:

A professor wants to know if incorporating relevant videos in his class
increases the academic performance of the students. A class of 40
students participated in the experiment. After subjecting the class to
popular music they then took a 50-item test. The mean score of the
students (𝒙
̅) is 35 and the standard deviation (s) is 3. The same previous
study revealed a mean (µ) of 33. The professor claimed that relevant videos
increases students’ performance. Test the claim at 0.05 level of
significance.

Problem/claim: Does incorporating relevant videos in class increase the

academic performance of the students?

6. The null hypothesis (H0) in symbol should be _____.

A. µ = 33 B. µ ≤ 33 C. µ ≠ 33 D. µ > 33

7. The alternative hypothesis (H1) in symbol should be _____.

A. µ = 33 B. µ ≤ 33 C. µ ≠ 33 D. µ > 33

8. The direction of the test is _____.

A. left-tailed B. right-tailed C. one-tailed D. two-tailed

16
9. The α significance level is _____.

A. 0.01 B. 0.05 C. 0.10 D. 0.95

10. The test statistics is the z-test for the mean, with a formula of _____.
x̅− µ x̅− µ (x̅1 −x̅2 ) (x̅1 −x̅2 )
A. zTV = B. zTV = C. zTV = D. zTV =
𝜎/√𝑛 𝑠/√𝑛
𝜎2 𝜎2 𝑠 2𝑠 2
√ 1+ 2 √ 1+ 2
𝑛1 𝑛2 𝑛1 𝑛2

11. The critical value and rejection is _____.

A. zCV = 1.65, reject Ho if zTV > zCV C. zCV = - 1.65, reject Ho if zTV > zCV

B. zCV = 1.65, reject Ho if zTV < zCV D. zCV = - 1.65, reject Ho if zTV < zCV

12. Solving for zTV gives _____.

A. zTV = -1.53 B. zTV = 1.53 C. zTV = -2.53 D. zTV = 2.53

13. The finding is _____.

A. zTV < zCV B. zTV > zCV C. zTV ≤ zCV D. zTV ≥ zCV

14. The decision is _____.

A. accept H0 C. reject H0
B. failed to reject H0 D. cannot be determined
15. The interpretation in symbol is _____.
A. µ = 33 B. µ ≤ 33 C. µ ≠ 33 D. µ > 33

17
18
 Answer Key
Remember: This portion of the module contains all the answers. Your HONESTY is
required.

5.2
4.5
3.1
2.3
1.4
In
What’s

What I can do

19
 20
What’s More
What’s More
21
References

Text Book
Alferez, Merlie et. Al, 2006, MSA Statistics and Probability, Franco Street,
Vista Verde Executive Village, Imelda Avenue, Cainta Philippines: MSA
Publishing House

Asaad, Abubakar.2008 , Statistics Made Simple for the Researchers:

Sampaloc Manila : Rex Book Store Inc.

Baccay, E.S and Belecina,R.R.2016 , Statistics and Probability: 1ST ed.

Sampaloc Manila : Rex Book Store Inc.

Malate, Jose S., Statistics and Probability for Senior High School
(Sta Ana Manila, Philippines: Vicarish Publications and Trading , Inc.,
2019),.

Reston, Enriquita, PhD. 2004 21ST Century Applied Statistics with Computer
Software Applications: Olingan, Dipolog City: Kappa Publishing
House.
Websites:
https://www.scribbr.com/statistics/test-statistic/
file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Downloads/4%20Statistics-and-Probability_G11_Quarter-
4_Module-4_Identifying-the-Appropriate-Test-Statistics-Involving-Population-Mean.pdf
https://drive.google.com/drive/u/0/folders/1oSMvGiS-Zss-
lVRLc4oekxp8jEli5XKC?fbclid=IwAR2BBYjXu9i3jwzJknnseWKxy4yQZoDlwPWClqHYz-
2BY17cguFSra7n_NU

Congratulations!
You are now ready for the next module. Always remember the following:

1. Make sure every answer sheet has your

▪ Name
▪ Grade and Section
▪ Title of the Activity or Activity No.
2. Follow the date of submission of answer sheets as agreed with your
teacher.
3. Keep the modules with you AND return them at the end of the school
year or whenever face-to-face interaction is permitted.

22