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Also, your discussion should be logically structured. The major difficulty faced by most writers is
how to arrange the information presented in the paper. Get a great discussion section of a research
paper example. It should provide a clear overview of the research question, the methods used, the
main findings, and the conclusions drawn. Source: image.slidesharecdn.com Granted that at some
point in the discussion you are going to have to link back to this previous research. Invert the Cone
In a previous article on the Introduction section of a scientific paper, I discussed how this section
could be envisioned as having the shape of a cone or funnel. Writing a discussion section is where
you really begin to add your interpretations to the work. For a chapter in an edited book, the page
numbers of the chapter appear in parentheses after the book title with the abbreviation “pp.” Finally,
both formats end with the location of publication and the publisher, separated by a colon. Source:
image.slidesharecdn.com Tells how the paper's results contribute to answering the big questions
posed in the introduction. As we have already seen, the authors are listed in an order that reflects
their contribution to the research. The reference list begins on its own page, with the heading
“References,” centered in upper and lower case. Posters are used by professional researchers in all
scientific disciplines and they are becoming increasingly common. Herein your findings rather than
those of the other researchers are discussed. All studies have limitations, and most readers will
understand that a different sample or different measures might have produced different results. Many
presenters immediately offer to describe their research to visitors and use the poster as a visual aid.
The final part of the discussion section is the recommendations part. If there is only one, the heading
is “Appendix,” centered at the top of the page. Introduction to Writing in the Sciences 1 Overview 2
Front Matter 3 Writing an Introduction 4 Writing the Materials and Methods (Methodology) Section
5 Writing the Results Section 6 Writing the Discussion and Conclusion Sections 7 Back Matter and
References 8 Writing a Literature Review 9 Final Thoughts 10 Acknowledgements 11 References
Tips For Writing Tutors III. Make it clear how your data supports your thesis statement. A good
discussion section needs a critical approach to the question, and your ability to synthesize the
findings of your research. Each word whose removal will not change the meaning should be taken
out from the text. Therefore, direct instruction in study skills is necessary. For example, if the public
opinion is affected by a recent event (cause), causal research would try to understand what the effect
of that particular event is. Their function is to present new research to interested researchers and
facilitate further interaction among researchers. Share to Twitter Share to Facebook Share to
Pinterest. In other words, your literature review must be balanced. As such, you should always
approach the selection and interpretation of your findings introspectively and to think critically about
the possibility of judgmental biases unintentionally entering into discussions about the significance of
your work. How to Cite a Colleague in a Discussion Post Walden. This can be followed by any
recommendations for further research. The above are just a few research question examples that you
can gain inspiration from.
If you have faced a few problems in the collection and analysis of information then you can provide
a description of the same in your research paper discussion. It is better to write “a replication of
Milgram’s (1963) study” than “a replication of Milgram (1963).” Second, when there are two authors
the names are not separated by commas, but when there are three or more authors they are. What
important concerns does your essay help define or answer. This can include re-visiting key sources
already cited in your literature review section, or, save them to cite later in the discussion section if
they are more important to compare with your results instead of being a part of the general literature
review of research used to provide context and background information. For student papers that are
not being submitted for publication—including theses—author notes are generally not necessary. The
abstract is a brief summary of the research paper, typically no more than 250 words. Perhaps there are
problems with its internal or external validity. In contrast, other types of manuscripts are prepared by
the author in their final form with no intention of submitting them for publication elsewhere. Table of
Contents The table of contents is placed on the third page, includes the list of headlines for all the
sections with the page numbers mark. The above are just a few research question examples that you
can gain inspiration from. Committee on Lesbian and Gay Concerns, American Psychological
Association. (1991). Avoiding heterosexual bias in language. Source: miro.medium.com The results
and discussion section of your research paper should include the following 5. This is where you
would present test-retest correlations, Cronbach’s ?, or other statistics to show that the measures are
consistent across time and across items. A final preliminary issue is whether the manipulation was
successful. Purpose of Guide Types of Research Designs Design Flaws to Avoid Independent and
Dependent Variables Glossary of Research Terms 1. The writer needs to provide an answer to the
research question in just a single paragraph. When writing the research paper discussion you should
concentrate on providing explanations and evaluation of findings. One point to remember is that we
are not writing a review article, and only the results related to this paragraph should be discussed.
Herein your findings rather than those of the other researchers are discussed. The research paper
conclusion is tailored to help your reader out of the paper’s logic, giving them a sense of
decisiveness. It is generally a good idea to have a more detailed write-up of the research available for
visitors who want more information, to offer to send them a detailed write-up, or to provide contact
information so that they can request more information later. Try to provide brief answers to the
following questions: What new stuff or insight are you offering. Overall organization of the research
paper Hill et at. For APA format, the running head includes the title of the paper in the upper-case,
along with the page number. You should aim to narrate your findings without trying to interpret or
evaluate them, other than to provide a link to the discussion section. It should include tables, charts,
and graphs as necessary to help illustrate the findings. But there are some typical approaches you can
include in your interpretation, including identifying patterns in data, discussing whether your
findings support your thesis, and explaining unexpected results. But it also encourages the use of
more specific terms when possible: college students, children, respondents, and so on. Your writing
voice will not be as plain here as in the body of your research paper. However, there are also many
good websites on APA style, which do an excellent job of presenting the basics for beginning
researchers. In this situation, a conclusion depends on the opening one.
During writing process of the manuscript one of these can be selected based on the intensity of the
discussion. Fourteen Steps to Writing to Writing an Effective Discussion Section. Thus APA-style
writing minimizes literary devices such as metaphor, imagery, irony, suspense, and so on. You can
convince the reader of the importance in this paragraph. The Author’s note is placed towards the
bottom of the cover page. An appendix An optional section at the end of an APA-style manuscript
used to present important supplemental material. The rationale for excluding data should be
described clearly so that other researchers can decide whether it is appropriate. For example, the
discussion of a case report will be much shorter than that of an original article which describes six
figures. Your writing voice will not be as plain here as in the body of your research paper. For
student papers that are not being submitted for publication—including theses—author notes are
generally not necessary. If you want to emphasize the generality of a phenomenon, then of course
you should discuss various studies that have demonstrated it. For example, the participants gave their
informed consent, read a set of instructions, completed a block of four practice trials, completed a
block of 20 test trials, completed two questionnaires, and were debriefed and excused. You should
also write how the findings of your research have provided new knowledge. Briefly reiterate the
research problem or problems you are investigating and the methods you used to investigate them,
then move quickly to describe the major findings of the study. You must be aware of the things you
should keep away from if you want to avoid getting penalized. You can also use your own thoughts,
creativity, knowledge, and opinions. For student papers, it is important to check with the course
instructor about formatting specifics. In many research papers, the discussion and conclusion
sections usually overlap. In the journal title, however, all the important words are capitalized. The
approach is founded on objective knowledge, where a good methods section of research proposal
example would for instance use questions that seek yes or no answers. Care should be taken that the
findings are summarized in the context of the published literature and not simply a reiteration of the
results section. In other words, your literature review must be balanced. Source:
image.slidesharecdn.com Alternatively, the researcher can ask ethnographic research questions via
online surveys and questionnaires created with formplus. The first method is to use the authors’ last
names in the sentence (with no first names or initials) followed immediately by the year of
publication in parentheses. You should also try to write the discussion within 6 to 8 paragraphs
addressing each of the points listed above. If there are potential confounding variables that you were
unable to control, acknowledge the effect these may have had. These guidelines are set down in the
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association A book published by the American
Psychological Association that contains all the guidelines of APA style. Technical terms must be
used, but they are used to improve communication, not simply to make the writing sound more
“scientific.” For example, if participants immersed their hands in a bucket of ice water, it is better
just to write this than to write that they “were subjected to a pain-inducement apparatus.” At the
same time, however, there is no better way to communicate that a between-subjects design was used
than to use the term “between-subjects design.”. You shouldn’t be afraid to get some help with the
discussion section of research paper. The second is a brief overview of the method and some
comment on its appropriateness.
This is where you get your chance to really shine, by introducing new data that may contribute to
building up on the collective understanding of the topics you have researched. Writers should choose
a broad topic about which they genuinely for example, why were slave narratives effective tools in
working toward the abolishment of slavery. For this reason, it could be argued that unless you make
your research public in some form, you are not really engaged in science at all. For example, one of
your graphs may show a distinct trend, but not enough to reach an do the results of the previous
research help you to interpret your own findings. In fact, the discussion and conclusion in research
paper are two of the most important parts of your work. This works well for methods that are
relatively simple and can be described adequately in a few paragraphs. Nature and amount of
information provided You should use insights gained from these articles as the starting point when
writing the methods section. This works well when there are complicated materials to describe. You
should write a direct, declarative, and succinct proclamation of the study results, usually in one
paragraph. As the discussion is the section in a research paper where you need to critically think
about the problem and provide a unique solution for the same. It should include tables, charts, and
graphs as necessary to help illustrate the findings. A research paper is a kind of essay in which you
have to explain what you have learned after understanding and exploring your topic in depth. The
primary purpose of APA style is to facilitate scientific communication by promoting clarity of
expression and by standardizing the organization and content of research articles and book chapters.
Their dedication to quality and timely delivery earned them my utmost satisfaction. Sophie. It can
generally be found in the record for the item on an electronic database (e.g., PsycINFO) and is
usually displayed on the first page of the published article. Their writers demonstrate remarkable
quality and lightning-fast problem-solving abilities, delivering uniquely plagiarism-free essays.
Source: www2.palomar.edu What conditions are needed for a wildfire to become uncontrollable.
How to write a discussion section Published on March 21, by Shona McCombes. Give the paper a
sense of decisiveness by making sure the reader recognizes how you’ve resolved the issues aroused in
the introduction. You would write it in Modern Language Association (MLA) style instead. It is
through discussion you by providing evidence can demonstrate the signification of the problem. In
this section, we look at several other important ways. So instead of simply summarizing your data
and suggesting a few obvious follow-up studies, think about presenting your data in a novel way,
showing how the work might resolve an existing controversy in the literature or explaining how it
connects to an entirely different literature APA format for discussion questions is similar to using
APA in a paper. The published journal article looks quite different from the copy manuscript. Other
researchers then circulate through the room, read the posters, and talk to the presenters. How to Cite
a Colleague in a Discussion Post Walden. Likewise, it is easier to read about research when it is
presented in familiar and expected ways. Also, your discussion should be logically structured. To test
this proposition it would be necessary to create a situation in which a realistic “emergency” could
plausibly occur. Read below for explanations and standards of research paper sections.
As such, you should always approach the selection and interpretation of your findings introspectively
and to think critically about the possibility of judgmental biases unintentionally entering into
discussions about the significance of your work. This works well for methods that are relatively
simple and can be described adequately in a few paragraphs. The third is that the presenter should
look at the audience members and speak to them in a conversational tone that is less formal than
APA-style writing but more formal than a conversation with a friend. It often works well to describe
the procedure in terms of what the participants did rather than what the researchers did. This can
include putting tables and figures close to where they are discussed so that the reader does not have
to flip to the back of the manuscript to see them. Therefore, you should just highlight the equipment
that you used instead of explaining the entire process. In contrast, other types of manuscripts are
prepared by the author in their final form with no intention of submitting them for publication
elsewhere. Based on the discussion of your results, you can make recommendations for practical
implementation or further research. You must be aware of the things you should keep away from if
you want to avoid getting penalized. High-profile, general readership journals will have more non-
expert readers, while more technical, field-specific journals have almost exclusively expert readers. A
brief explanatory title, with the important words capitalized, appears above each table. The
introduction should also include a clear statement of the research question and the objectives of the
study. Know the important dos and don'ts to write them effectively. If your results differ from your
expectations, explain why that may have happened. Posters often include elements that add visual
interest. Here are just some of the reasons why the discussion part is very important (and why you
should pay attention to how you write it). This can be followed by any recommendations for further
research. Both include only the last names of the authors and the year of publication. Structure Of A
Biomedical Research Article Structure Of Scholarly Articles And Peer Review Libguides At
University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill from s3.amazonaws.com Explains how (and why) this
work agrees or disagrees. Make direct statements and keep this section to one paragraph. You should
aim to narrate your findings without trying to interpret or evaluate them, other than to provide a link
to the discussion section. It restates the research question and comments on the method. Source:
cdn.amegroups.cn For example, whether the researcher has received written permission from
individuals before participating in the interview and the privacy of responses. First, it is extremely
important to start with an outline of the main points that you want to make, organized in the order
that you want to make them. Explain everything so that your audience understands fully what the
data means. It was later expanded and published as a book by the association and is now in its sixth
edition. No matter the subject, difficulty, academic level or document type, our writers have the skills
to complete it. Fundamental advantage of this approach is to gain a habit of making academic
researches if one complies with the designated time schedule, and to keep the manuscript writing
motivation at persistently high levels. From this perspective, many features of APA style that at first
seem arbitrary actually make good sense. Perhaps there are problems with its internal or external
validity.
State the significance or implications of your experimental findings and recommend areas of future
research. The abstract is a brief summary of the research paper, typically no more than 250 words.
Often, you may be able to refer to studies you have gathered during the initial literature review. So i
also find sociology research paper example i have various sources. Specifically, it promotes
psychologists’ scientific values and assumptions. There is still one more step in the process of
conducting scientific research. Well done! See all other checklists Return to checklist. This might
mean multiple questionnaires, written vignettes that participants read and respond to, perceptual
stimuli, and so on. The discussion should also consider the limitations of the study and suggest areas
for future research. Instead, acknowledge their active contribution to the research. Do you just need
to do more of the same kind of work. A full understanding of the limitations of your research is part
of a good discussion section. Here are some of the benefits of getting your hands on an excellent
example. In the second approach, the participants section is followed by separate design and
procedure subsections. What conditions are needed for a wildfire to become uncontrollable. One of
the most common mistakes that you can make when discussing the results of your study is to present
a superficial interpretation of the findings that more or less re-states the results section of your paper.
The institutional affiliation is often listed in an Author Note. This feeling of discomfort was called
cognitive dissonance by social psychologist Leon Festinger (1957), who suggested that individuals
will be motivated to remove this dissonance in whatever way they can (p. 191). A good research
paper, following some of the style guides, especially APA, have clearly defined sections. Perhaps the
manipulation was not very effective or the measures not very reliable. Although it does not include
the raw data—individual participants’ responses or scores—researchers should save their raw data
and make them available to other researchers who request them. The results and discussion section of
your research paper should include the following 5. We are giving away 40% Discount Don’t miss
the chance to avail the biggest discount of this year. It intends to help the researcher in demonstrating
the way findings drawn from the research which you are performing will help the reader in
increasing their knowledge about specific problems. These methods involve surveys with different
queries that evaluate whether students face ragging without fear, or they feel insecure or afraid when
they face such situations and how it affects them. We want to keep things simple and provide
support if your systems experience any of these disruptions. Which Type of Structure is Better There
is no right or wrong, it just depends on your findings. It is acceptable to argue that the balance of the
research supports the existence of a phenomenon or is consistent with a theory (and that is usually
the best that researchers in psychology can hope for), but it is not acceptable to ignore contradictory
evidence. Be keen to check a research paper results example for a better understanding of how to
write the research paper results. The writer exhibited a comprehensive understanding of HRM
principles and delivered well-researched and impeccably structured papers.