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Electronic Devices
Electronic Devices
Electronic Devices
Chapter 1
Introduction to
Semiconductors
Objectives:
◆ Describe the structure of an atom
◆ Discuss insulators, conductors, and semiconductors and
how they differ
◆ Describe how current is produced in a semiconductor
◆ Describe the properties of n-type and p-type
semiconductors
◆ Describe how a pn junction is formed
Nucleus Shell 1
Shell 2
+14
+4
Conduction Free
band electron
Energy gap Heat
Energy
Valence Hole
band
Electron-hole pair
Electrons
Si Si Si
Si Si Si
Si Sb Si
Si
Si B Si
Si
charge migration. – +
Conduction
band
Valence
band
0
p region n region
Depletion
region
Conduction
band
Why do you think that the
Valence
energy level in the n- region band
is lower than the p-region?
0
p region n region
Depletion
region
Conduction
band
Why do you think that the
Valence
energy level in the n- region band
is lower than the p-region?
0
n region
The n-region tends to have filled valence p region Depletion
shells; conduction electrons are shielded by region
p n
Depletion
region
V
+ F–
C
IF
–
R
+ VBIAS
Knee
+ – A B
VF
0
0 0.7 V
I=0A
R
VBIAS
– +
IR
VR VF VR VF VR VF
0.7 V 0.7 V
IR IR IR
VR VF VR VF VR VF
0.7 V 0.7 V
IR IR IR
3.3 kW
+
VBIAS 12 V
–
3.3 kW
+
VBIAS 12 V
–
3.3 kW
+
VBIAS 12 V
–
3.3 kW
+
VBIAS 12 V
–
K
A
K A
K K
A A
K
K
A
Electron
Valence
Free Electron
Conductor
Insulator
Valence
Free Electron
Conductor
Insulator
Free Electron
Conductor
Insulator
Conductor
Insulator
Insulator
Semiconductor
Crystal
Hole
Diode
Crystal
Hole
Diode
Hole
Diode
Diode
Answers:
1. b 6. d
2. a 7. d
3. c 8. b
4. a 9. a
5. c 10. c