Wire
Joined Wire
Connecter of electric current
that connects to another
Un-joined Wire
Wires are not connected.
This can only be shown by bridging wires
or by drawing them without blobs
Battery
Generates constant voltage,
Abbreviated as “B”
Ac Supply
Used as AC power supply.
The current will keep
alternating direction
Connected crossing.
This is represented by drawing “blobs”
on the point where they are shorted
Cell
Generates constant voltage.
The smaller terminal is negative
and the larger one is positive
Dc Supply
Used as DC power supply.
The current will always flow
in one direction
Fuse
Used in circuits where a probability
of excessive current flows.
The fuse will break the circuit if excessive
current flows and
saves the other devices from damage
 Transformer

Used as an AC power supply. Earth Ground

Comprises of the primary and
secondary coils, that are Used for zero potential reference
connected by an iron core. and electrical shock protection
There is no physical connection
between the two coils.
Abbreviated as “T”

Chassis Ground Common Ground

Connected to the chassis of circuit Most ordinary type of ground

Fixed Resistor Rhestat/

Variable Resistor
Limits the amount of current
flow through a wire or load Adjustable resistor that
has 2 terminals

Trimmer/
Potentiometer Preset Resistor

Adjustable resistor that Presets are low cast variables

has 3 terminals resistors that are used to control
the charge flow with the help
of a screwdriver
 Thermistor Capacitor

Thermal resistor. Used to store electric charge.

It changes its resistance value when Considered as an open circuit
temperature changes with DC and short circuit with AC

Polarized Capacitor Variable Capacitor

Electrolytic Capacitor Adjustable capacitance

Diode Light Emitting Diode

Permits the flow of current form Transmits light as current passes

the left (anode) to right (anode)
direction only

Zeaner Diode Photo Diode

Has only one direction of current flow, Permits flow and current
but reverse directions when when it is exposed tolight
breakdown voltage is reached
 Tunnel Diode NPN Transistors

Known for its high speed operation Permits flow of current when
due to its application in the base has high potential
quantum mechanical effects

PNP Transistor Junction Field Transistor

Allows current flow when N-Channel field effect transistor

low potential of base (middle)

P-Channel Transistor Voltmeter

P-channel field effect transistor Measures voltage.

Has very high resistance.
Connected in parallel.

Ammeter Ohmmeter

Measures electric current Measures resistance

has near zero resistance.
Connected in series

Galvanometer
Measures very small current in the
order of 1 milli amphere or less
SPDT
(Single Pole Double Throw)
Also known as the 2-way switch.
Causes the flow the current in two
directions , depending on its position
Pushbutton Switch
(N.C)
Momentary switch open
---normally closed
DPDT
(Double Pole Double Toggle Switch)
Uses a central OFF position is
applied as reversing switch for motors
SPST
(Single Pole Switch Toggle Switch)
Also known as ON/OFF switch
Permits current flow only when its on
Pushbutton Switch
(N.O)
Momentary switch normally open
DPST
(Double Pole Single Throw Switch)
Also called as a dual ON-OFF Switch
Isolates between the line neural
connections in the main electrical line
AND Gate
Has a high outputs
when the inputs are high.
Has low outputs
when the inputsare low.
 NAND Gate OR Gate

Has low output Has high output when

when all inputs are high. one of the inputs is high.
Has high output Has low output
if any one input is low When both inputs are low

NOR Gate EX-OR Gate

Has low output if Has high output

both inputs are low. when inputs are different.
Has high output Has low output when both inputs
for other cases are either high or low

EX-NOR Gate NOT Gate

Has high output when Has only one input

both inputs are either high or low. Has high output when input is low
Has low output Has low output when the input is high
when inputs are different

Lighting Lamp Indicator Lamp

Provides light as the output Coverts electrical energy into light

 Heater Inductor

Changes electrical energy into heat Produces a magnetic field

where a certain currents
passed through a coil of wire

Motor Bell

Converts electrical energy Produces a sound as the output.

into mechanical energy According to the electrical energy
produces as the output

Buzzer Microphone

Produces an output sound Converts sound to its

corresponding to the corresponding electrical energy.
electrical energy in the input Abbreviated as “M”

Earphone Loudspeaker

Reverses the process of microphone Does the same operation as an earphone,

and electrical energy into sound but converts an amplified version of the
electrical energy into sound
 Amplifier

Used to amplify a signal