Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Division of Lapu-Lapu City
District 5
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION CENTER-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Lesson 1: Cultural consumerism

o the phenomenon where individuals and societies engage in the consumption of cultural products and
experiences
o includes everything from art, literature, music, and films to fashion, food, and lifestyle choices
o individuals not only consume goods and services for their practical utility but also for the cultural and
symbolic meanings associated with them

Aspects of Cultural Consumerism

 Identity and Self-expression
The choices people make in terms of the cultural products they consume can be a way to communicate their values, beliefs,
and affiliations to others.
 Trends and Fashion
People may actively seek out and adopt cultural products that are currently popular or perceived as desirable within a
particular social or cultural context.
 Media and Technology
The internet, social media, and streaming platforms have made cultural products more accessible, allowing individuals to
consume a wide range of content from around the world.
 Globalization
This can lead to a more interconnected and shared global culture, as people around the world consume similar cultural
content.
 Commodification of Culture
Cultural products may be packaged and marketed for mass consumption, sometimes leading to the appropriation or
commercialization of cultural symbols and practices.
 Economic Impact
Cultural products become commodities in the marketplace, and their success is often measured in terms of sales and
popularity.

Factors affecting cultural consumerism

 Social and Economic Status
Social status and class can also influence the types of cultural products deemed prestigious or desirable.
 Cultural Capital
The concept of cultural capital, introduced by sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, refers to the knowledge, skills, education, and
cultural awareness possessed by individuals.
 Media and Technology
The accessibility and convenience of digital platforms, streaming services, and social media influence how people discover,
share, and consume cultural content.
 Demographics
Age, gender, ethnicity, and other demographic factors can influence cultural preferences
 Globalization
Globalization facilitates the spread of cultural products across borders, impacting local and global consumer choices.
 Cultural Trends and Influencers
Pop culture phenomena, celebrities, and social media influencers can shape consumer preferences by promoting specific
products, styles, or experiences.
 Advertising and Marketing
Effective advertising campaigns can create cultural trends, influence perceptions, and drive demand for specific products or
experiences.
 Cultural Values and Norms
Societal attitudes toward tradition, innovation, individualism, and collectivism influence the acceptance and rejection of
certain cultural products.
 Political and Social Climate
Societal changes, political movements, and cultural shifts may influence the types of cultural products that gain popularity or
face resistance.
 Cultural Policies
Subsidies, censorship, and support for cultural industries can shape the availability and accessibility of cultural products.
Effects of cultural consumerism

 Environmental Impact
Overconsumption leads to increased resource extraction, energy consumption, and waste generation.
 Materialism and Well-being
Research suggests that a strong focus on materialism can be detrimental to overall well-being and life satisfaction.
 Debt and Financial Stress
Consumer consumerism often encourages spending beyond one's means, leading to high levels of personal debt.
 Social Inequality
This can create disparities in opportunities, education, and quality of life between different socioeconomic groups.
 Throwaway Culture
Consumer consumerism is associated with a disposable or throwaway culture, where products are quickly discarded in
favor of newer or trendier items.
 Impact on Mental Health
Comparison with others based on material possessions can lead to feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem.
 Cultural Homogenization
Global consumerism can lead to cultural homogenization, where diverse local cultures are overshadowed by a more uniform
global consumer culture.
 Resource Depletion
The demand for consumer goods contributes to the depletion of finite resources, such as minerals, fossil fuels, and water
 Overproduction and Overconsumption
Consumer consumerism is driven by the constant production and consumption of goods, often leading to overproduction.
 Shift in Values
Traditional values related to community, sustainability, and spiritual well-being may be overshadowed by a focus on
individual consumption and material success.

IMPORTANCE
 Understanding Society and Identity Formation
Studying consumer behavior helps researchers and sociologists understand how people express their values, beliefs, and
affiliations through the consumption of cultural products.
 Economic Impact
Understanding consumer trends and preferences is essential for businesses to tailor their products and marketing
strategies, contributing to economic growth and competitiveness.
 Media and Communication Studies
Analyzing the consumption patterns of media content, including movies, TV shows, music, and online content, provides
insights into the ways information and narratives are disseminated and received in society.
 Globalization and Cross-Cultural Understanding
It provides insights into how cultural products and trends transcend national borders, contributing to a more interconnected
global culture.
 Social and Cultural Change
Studying cultural consumerism allows researchers to observe and analyze societal changes, including shifts in values,
preferences, and lifestyle choices over time.
 Cultural Anthropology
It helps anthropologists examine how societies create meaning, symbolism, and rituals around the consumption of cultural
products, contributing to a deeper understanding of cultural practices and customs.
 Social Psychology
Studying consumer behavior provides insights into human decision-making, the influence of peer groups, and the
psychological motivations behind purchasing and consumption patterns.
 Environmental Impact and Sustainability
Research on cultural consumerism is essential for understanding the environmental consequences of overconsumption.
 Policy Development
Governments and policymakers can formulate policies that address issues related to consumer rights, cultural preservation,
and sustainable development.
 Critical Analysis of Popular Culture
Studying it allows for a critical examination of the messages, values, and ideologies embedded in popular cultural products,
fostering a deeper awareness of societal norms and dynamics.
CHALLENGES
 Globalization and Cultural Exchange
The influx of global media, fashion, and technology has significantly influenced Filipino cultural consumerism.
 Tradition and Identity
Traditional values, deeply rooted in family, community, and religious practices, play a pivotal role in shaping consumer
choices.
 Digital Transformation
Online marketplaces and influencers impact purchasing decisions, contributing to a more interconnected consumer
landscape.
 Filipino Diaspora
The Filipino diaspora plays a role in the consumption of cultural products, as overseas Filipinos actively seek connections to
their homeland through traditional items, food, and cultural events.

OPPORTUNITIES
 Cultural Appropriation
Global influences sometimes lead to concerns about cultural appropriation, prompting discussions on preserving
and respecting Filipino heritage.
 Sustainability
Balancing the demand for modern products with a desire to support local industries and sustainable practices poses
a challenge for consumers and businesses alike.
 Generational Shift
A generational shift is observed, with younger Filipinos navigating between embracing global trends and preserving
traditional values.

Lesson 2: "Filipino First Policy"

 enshrined in the 1987 Constitution under Article XII, Section 19, which states that "The State shall develop a self-
reliant and independent national economy effectively controlled by Filipinos"
 this provision outlines certain sectors where foreign ownership is restricted or limited to promote Filipino control and
ownership, particularly in areas such as natural resources, public utilities, and mass media
 refers to a set of regulations or principles aimed at prioritizing Filipino citizens or Filipino-owned businesses in
certain aspects of economic activity, employment, or government procurement
 often implemented to promote economic nationalism, protect local industries, and support Filipino entrepreneur
 to give preference or advantages to Filipino citizens or entities over foreign competitors or interests

Article XII ("National Economy and Patrimony" )

Section 1: This section declares that it is the policy of the State to promote industrialization and full employment based on
sound agricultural development and agrarian reform, through industries that make full and efficient use of human and
natural resources, and that are competitive in both domestic and foreign markets.
Section 2: It states that all lands of the public domain, waters, minerals, coal, petroleum, and other mineral oils, all forces of
potential energy, fisheries, forests or timber, wildlife, flora and fauna, and other natural resources are owned by the State. It
emphasizes that the exploration, development, and utilization of these natural resources shall be under the full control and
supervision of the State.
Section 3: This section prohibits alienation of natural resources, with exceptions provided by law. It also mandates the State
to protect the nation's marine wealth in its archipelagic waters, territorial sea, and exclusive economic zone, and reserve its
use and enjoyment exclusively to Filipino citizens.
Section 4: It mandates the State to recognize the rights of indigenous cultural communities to their ancestral lands and
ensure their economic, social, and cultural well-being. The State is tasked with providing mechanisms for such recognition
and protection of these rights.
Section 7: This section provides guidelines for foreign investment in the Philippines, stating that the participation of foreign
investors in the governing body of entities engaged in the exploration, development, and utilization of natural resources
shall be limited to their proportionate share in the capital.
Section 10: It prohibits private corporations or associations from owning alienable lands of the public domain, except by
lease for a period not exceeding 25 years, renewable for not more than 25 years, and not to exceed 1,000 hectares in area.
Agricultural lands of the public domain may be disposed of only to individuals, corporations, or associations qualified to
acquire or hold lands of the public domain.
"Filipino First Policy“: Supporting Laws

Constitution of the Philippines (1987)

 Article XII, Section 19: Declares it a policy of the State to promote a self-reliant and independent national economy
effectively controlled by Filipinos.
Foreign Investments Act of 1991 (Republic Act No. 7042)
 Provides restrictions and limitations on foreign ownership of businesses in specific industries, sectors, or activities.
It outlines areas where foreign equity participation is limited, reserved for Filipinos, or subject to certain conditions.
Retail Trade Liberalization Act of 2000 (Republic Act No. 8762)
 Requires a minimum paid-up capital for foreign-owned retail trade enterprises and sets conditions for foreign equity
participation in retail trade businesses. It aims to protect small and medium-sized retailers from unfair competition
and promotes Filipino entrepreneurship in the retail sector.
Philippine Mining Act of 1995 (Republic Act No. 7942)
 Provides guidelines for the exploration, development, and utilization of mineral resources in the Philippines. It
imposes restrictions on foreign ownership of mining companies and mandates the government to ensure that
mining operations are beneficial to Filipino citizens and the national economy.
Public Services Act (Commonwealth Act No. 146)
 Regulates the ownership and operation of public utilities, such as telecommunications, electricity, water, and
transportation services. It limits foreign ownership in public utility enterprises to promote Filipino control and
safeguard national interests.
Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998 (Republic Act No. 8550)
 Sets forth regulations for the conservation, management, and sustainable development of fisheries and aquatic
resources in the Philippines. It reserves certain privileges and rights exclusively for Filipino citizens engaged in
fisheries-related activities.
Philippine Constitution (1987), Article XII, Section 10
 Prohibits private corporations or associations from owning alienable lands of the public domain except by lease for
a period not exceeding 25 years, renewable for not more than 25 years, and not to exceed 1,000 hectares in area.
Agricultural lands of the public domain may be disposed of only to individuals, corporations, or associations
qualified to acquire or hold lands of the public domain.

"Filipino First Policy“: Importance

 Promotion of Economic Nationalism
 Protection of Local Industries
 Preservation of Cultural Identity
 Enhancement of National Security
 Creation of Opportunities for Local Talent
 Stimulation of Economic Development
 Alignment with Constitutional Mandates

LESSON 3: REPUBLIC ACT No. 11032

AN ACT PROMOTING EASE OF DOING BUSINESS AND EFFICIENT DELIVERY OF GOVERNMENT SERVICES,
AMENDING FOR THE PURPOSE REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9485, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE ANTI-RED TAPE ACT OF
2007, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Section 1. Section 1 of Republic Act No. 9485, otherwise known as the "Anti-Red Tape Act of 2007", is hereby amended to
read as follows:
"Sec. 1. Short Title. – This Act shall be known as the Ease of Doing Business and Efficient Government Service Delivery Act
of 2018“
Section 2. Section 2 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as follows:
"Sec. 2. Declaration of Policy. – It is hereby declared the policy of the State to promote integrity, accountability, proper
management of public affairs and public property as well as to establish effective practices, aimed at efficient turnaround of
the delivery of government services and the prevention of graft and corruption in government. Towards this end, the State
shall maintain honesty and responsibility among its public officials and employees, and shall take appropriate measures to
promote transparency in each agency with regard to the manner of transacting with the public, which shall encompass a
program for the adoption of simplified requirements and procedures that will reduce red tape and expedite business and
nonbusiness related transactions in government.“
Section 3. Section 3 of the same Act is hereby amended to read as follows:
"Sec. 3 . Coverage. – This Act shall apply to all government offices and agencies including local government units (LGUs),
government-owned or controlled corporations and other government instrumentalities, whether located in the Philippines or
abroad, that provide services covering business and nonbusiness related transactions as defined in this Act."

Sec. 5. Reengineering of Systems and Procedures. – All offices and agencies which provide government services are
hereby mandated to regularly undertake cost compliance analysis, time and motion studies, undergo evaluation and
improvement of their transaction systems and procedures and reengineer the same if deemed necessary to reduce
bureaucratic red tape and processing time.
"The Anti-Red Tape Authority, created in this Act, shall coordinate with all government offices covered under Section 3 of
this Act in the review of existing laws, executive issuances and local ordinances, and recommend the repeal of the same if
deemed outdated, redundant, and adds undue regulatory burden to the transacting public.
"All proposed regulations of government agencies under Section 3 of this Act shall undergo regulatory impact assessment
to establish if the proposed regulation does not add undue regulatory burden and cost to these agencies and the applicants
or requesting parties: Provided, That when necessary, any proposed regulation may undergo pilot implementation to
assess regulatory impact.
"Upon effectivity of this Act, all LGUs and NGAs are directed to initiate review of existing policies and operations and
commence with the reengineering of their systems and procedures in compliance with the provisions of this Act, pending
the approval of the implementing rules and regulations (IRR) thereof."

Sec. 6. Citizen’s Charter. – All government agencies including departments, bureaus, offices, instrumentalities, or
government-owned and/or –controlled corporations, or LGUs shall set up their respective most current and updated service
standards to be known as the Citizen’s Charter in the form of information billboards which shall be posted at the main
entrance of offices or at the most conspicuous place, in their respective websites and in the form of published materials
written either in English, Filipino, or in the local dialect, that detail:
(a) A comprehensive and uniform checklist of requirements for each type of application or request;
(b) The procedure to obtain a particular service;
(c) The person/s responsible for each step;
(d) The maximum time to conclude the process;
(e) The document/s to be presented by the applicant or requesting party, if necessary;
(f) The amount of fees, if necessary; and
(g) The procedure for filing complaints.

"Sec. 7. Zero-Contact Policy. – Except during the preliminary assessment of the request and evaluation of sufficiency of
submitted requirements, no government officer or employee shall have any contact, in any manner, unless strictly necessary
with any applicant or requesting party concerning an application or request. Once the Department of Information and
Communications Technology (DICT) has completed a web-based software enabled business registration system that is
acceptable to the public as mandated under Section 26 of this Act, all transactions shall be coursed through such system.
All government agencies including LGUs shall adopt a zero-contact policy."

Section 9. Section 8 of the same Act is hereby amended and renumbered as Section 9 to read as follows:
Action of Offices.
(1) All applications or requests submitted shall be acted upon by the assigned officer or employee within the prescribed
processing time stated in the Citizen’s Charter which shall not be longer than
 three (3) working days in the case of simple transactions
 seven (7) working days in the case of complex transactions from the date the request and/or complete application
or request was received.
 twenty (20) working days for applications or requests involving activities which pose danger to public health, public
safety, public morals, public policy, and highly technical application
 forty-five (45) working days application or request for license, clearance permit, certification or authorization shall
require the approval of the local Sangguniang Bayan, Sangguniang Panlungsod, or the Sangguniang Panlalawigan
 Denial of Application or Request for Access to Government Service. – Any denial of application or request for
access to government service shall be fully explained in writing, stating the name of the person making the denial
and the grounds upon which such denial is based. Any denial of application or request is deemed to have been
made with the permission or clearance from the highest authority having jurisdiction over the government office or
agency concerned.
 Limitation of Signatories – The number of signatories in any document shall be limited to a maximum of three (3)
signatures which shall represent officers directly supervising the office or agency concerned: Provided, That in case
the authorized signatory is on official business or official leave, an alternate shall be designated as signatory.
Electronic signatures or pre-signed license, clearance, permit, certification or authorization with adequate security
and control mechanism may be used.
Sec. 10. Automatic Approval or Automatic Extension of License, Clearance, Permit, Certification or Authorization. –
 If a government office or agency fails to approve or disapprove an original application or request for issuance of
license, clearance, permit, certification or authorization within the prescribed processing time, said application or
request shall be deemed approved: Provided, That all required documents have been submitted and all required
fees and charges have been paid. The acknowledgment receipt together with the official receipt for payment of all
required fees issued to the applicant or requesting party shall be enough proof or has the same force and effect of a
license, clearance, permit, certification or authorization under this automatic approval mechanism.
 If a government office or agency fails to act on an application or request for renewal of a license, clearance, permit,
certification or authorization subject for renewal within the prescribed processing time, said license, clearance,
permit, certification or authorization shall automatically be extended: Provided, That the Authority, in coordination
with the Civil Service Commission (CSC), Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), Securities and Exchange
Commission (SEC), Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) and other agencies which shall
formulate the IRR of this Act, shall provide a listing of simple, complex, highly technical applications, and activities
which pose danger to public health, public safety, public morals or to public policy."
Sec. 16. Anti-Red Tape Unit in the Civil Service Commission (CSC). – The CSC shall maintain an anti-red tape unit in its
central and all its regional offices, utilize Report Card Survey findings for purposive and integrated government-wide human
resource systems and programs toward efficient delivery of government service as contemplated in this Act; and receive,
review, hear, and decide on complaints on erring government employees and officials and noncompliance with the
provisions of this Act.“
Sec. 17. Anti-Red Tape Authority. – To ensure the attainment of the objectives of this Act, there is hereby created the Anti-
Red Tape Authority, herein referred to as the Authority, which shall be organized within six (6) months after the effectivity of
this Act. The authority shall be attached to the Office of the President.

Sec. 21. Violations and Persons Liable. – Any person who performs or cause the performance of the following acts shall be
liable:
"(a) Refusal to accept application or request with complete requirements being submitted by an applicant or requesting
party without due cause;
"(b) Imposition of additional requirements other than those listed in the Citizen’s Charter;
"(c) Imposition of additional costs not reflected in the Citizen’s Charter;
"(d) Failure to give the applicant or requesting party a written notice on the disapproval of an application or request;
"(e) Failure to render government services within the prescribed processing time on any application or request without due
cause;
"(f) Failure to attend to applicants or requesting parties who are within the premises of the office or agency concerned prior
to the end of official working hours and during lunch break;
"(g) Failure or refusal to issue official receipts; and
"(h) Fixing and/or collusion with fixers in consideration of economic and/or other gain or advantage."

Sec. 22. Penalties and Liabilities. – Any violations of the preceding actions will warrant the following penalties and liabilities.
First Offense: Administrative liability with six (6) months suspension: Provided, however, That in the case of fixing and/or
collusion with fixers under Section 21(h), the penalty and liability under Section 22(b) of this Act shall apply.
Second Offense: Administrative liability and criminal liability of dismissal from the service, perpetual disqualification from
holding public office and forfeiture of retirement benefits and imprisonment of one (1) year to six (6) years with a fine of not
less than Five hundred thousand pesos (P500,000.00), but not more than Two million pesos (P2,000,000.00).
Criminal liability shall also be incurred through the commission of bribery, extortion, or when the violation was done
deliberately and maliciously to solicit favor in cash or in kind. In such cases, the pertinent provisions of the Revised Penal
Code and other special laws shall apply."

Sec. 30. Implementing Rules and Regulations

The Authority with the CSC and DTI, and in coordination with the DICT, DOF, DILG, NEDA, PSA, CDA, SEC, the Office of
the Ombudsman, Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB) and the Union of Local Authorities of the Philippines
(ULAP), shall promulgate the necessary rules and regulations within ninety (90) working days from the effectivity of this Act."
Sec. 31. Separability Clause. – If any provision of this Act shall be declared invalid or unconstitutional, such declaration shall
not affect the validity of the remaining provisions of this Act."
Sec. 32. Repealing Clause. – All provisions of laws, presidential decrees, letters of instruction and other presidential
issuances which are incompatible or inconsistent with the provisions of this Act are hereby deemed amended or repealed
accordingly."
Sec. 33. Effectivity. – This Act shall take effect within fifteen (15) days following its publication in the Official Gazette or in
two (2) national newspapers of general circulation."

Lesson 4: RA 7394 Consumer Act of the Philippines in 1992

Purpose
This law is designed to prevent business that engage in fraud or specified unfair practices from gaining an advantage over
competitors and provide additional protection for the weak and those unable to take care of themselves.
Basic Policy
It is the policy of the State to protect the interest of the consumer, promote general welfare and establish standards of
conduct for business and industry. The objectives of this Act is all focused to the welfare, protection and rights of all the
consumer in the Philippines.
Objectives
 Protection against hazards to health and safety; protection against deceptive, unfair and unconscionable sales
acts and practices
 Provision of information and education to facilitate sound choice and the proper exercise of rights by the
consumer.
 Provision of adequate rights and means of redress
 Involvement of consumer representatives in the formulation of social and economic policies

CONSUMER RIGHTS

CONSUMER RESPONSIBLITIES

Chapter I : Consumer Product Quality and Safety

The duty of the State:
• To develop and provide safety and quality standards for consumer products.
• To assist the consumer in evaluating the quality.
• To protect the public against unreasonable risks.
• To undertake research on quality improvement of products and investigation into causes and prevention of
products related death, sickness, and injury.
Relevant Provisions
 Consumer Product Quality and Safety
 Deceptive, Unfair and Unconscionable Sales Acts and Practices
 Consumer Products and Service Warranties
 Labeling and Packaging
 Price Tag
Deceptive Sales Acts and Practices (Articles 50 and 51, RA 7394)
 Inducing a consumer to enter into sales, lease or avail of services
 Concealment
 False Representation
 Fraudulent Manipulation
Article 50 of RA 7394 provides that a deceptive act or practice by a seller or supplier in connection with a consumer
transaction violates this Act whether it occurs before, during or after the transaction.
PENALTIES
ADMINISTRATIVE ( Article 164 )
Sanctions. – After investigation, any of the following administrative penalties may be imposed :
e) the imposition of administrative fines in such amount as deemed reasonable by the Secretary, which shall in no case be
less that Five hundred pesos (P500.00) nor more than Three hundred thousand pesos (P300,000.00) depending on the
gravity of the offense, and an additional fine of not more than One thousand pesos (P1,000.00) or each day of continuing
violation.
CRIMINAL (Article 60)
• a) Any person who shall violate the provisions of Title III, Chapter I, shall upon conviction, be subject to a fine of not less
than Five Hundred Pesos (P500.00) but not more than Ten Thousand Pesos (P10,000.00) or imprisonment of not less than
five (5)months but not more than one (1) year or both, upon the discretion of the court.
• b) In addition to the penalty provided for in paragraph (1), the court may grant an injunction restraining the conduct
constituting the contravention of the provisions of Articles 50 and 51 and/or actual damages and such other orders as it
thinks fit to redress injury to the person caused by
such conduct.

Product Service and Warranty (Chapter III, RA 7394)

A contract whether express or implied between the buyer and the seller of a consumer product or owner of a service firm
concerning the rights and obligations of both parties.
• Designation of Warranty
 Repair, replacement or refund
• Duration of Warranty
 Stipulation of seller and consumer on the period
 60 days to 1 year following the sale of a new consumer products
• Application of Warranty

PENALTIES
Administrative
Article 164. Sanctions. – After investigation, any of the following administrative penalties may be imposed :
e) the imposition of administrative fines in such amount as deemed reasonable by the Secretary, which shall in no case be
less that Five hundred pesos (P500.00) nor more than Three hundred thousand pesos (P300,000.00) depending on the
gravity of the offense, and an additional fine of not more than One thousand pesos (P1,000.00) or each day of continuing
violation.
Criminal
Article 73
a) Any person who shall violate the provisions of Article 67 shall be subject to fine of not less than Five hundred pesos
(P500.00) but not more than Five thousand pesos (P5,000.00) or an imprisonment of not less than three
(3) months but not more than two (2) years or both upon the discretion of the court. A second conviction under this
paragraph shall also carry with it the penalty or revocation of his business permit and license.
b) Any person, natural or juridical, committing any of the illegal acts provided for in Chapter III, except with respect to Article
67, shall be liable for a fine of not less than One thousand pesos (P1,000.00) but not more than Fifty thousand pesos
(P50,000.00) or imprisonment for a period of at least one (1) year but not more than five (5) years, or both, at the discretion
of the court.

Labelling and Fair Packaging (CHAPTER IV, RA 7394)

Provides for the minimum labelling requirements of all consumer products domestically sold, whether manufactured locally
or imported
 Registered trade name or brand name
 Registered trade mark
 Registered business name
 Address of the manufacturer, importer, repacker of the consumer product in the Philippines
 General make or active ingredients
 Net quantity of contents
 Country of manufacture if imported
 If consumer product is manufactured, refilled or repacked under license from a principal, the label shall state
the fact
 Flammable or inflammable
 Direction for use
 Warning of toxicity
 Wattage, voltage or amperes
 Process of manufacture, if necessary

PENALTIES
Administrative
Article 164. Sanctions. – After investigation, any of the following administrative penalties may be imposed :
e) the imposition of administrative fines in such amount as deemed reasonable by the Secretary, which shall in no case be
less that Five hundred pesos (P500.00) nor more than Three hundred thousand pesos (P300,000.00) depending on the
gravity of the offense, and an additional fine of not more than One thousand pesos (P1,000.00) or each day of continuing
violation.
Criminal
Article 95.
a) Any person who shall violate the provisions of Title III, Chapter IV of this Act, or its implementing rules and regulations,
except Articles 81 to 83 of the same Chapter, shall be subject to a fine of not less than Five hundred pesos (P500.00) but
not more than Twenty thousand pesos (P20,000.00) or imprisonment of not less than three (3) months but not more than
two (2) years or both, at the discretion of the court:
Provided, That, if the consumer product is one which is not a food, cosmetic, drug, device or hazardous substance, the
penalty shall be a fine of not less than Two hundred pesos (P200.00) but not more than Five thousand pesos (P5,000.00) or
imprisonment of not less than one (1) month but not more than one (1) year or both, at the discretion of the court.

Price Tag (ART 81-83, RA 7394)

 All consumer products sold in retail shall bear an appropriate price tag, label or marking indicating the price of the
article Consumer products shall not be sold at a price higher than that stated in the price tag.

RA 7581 as amended by RA 10623 (Price Act)

An Act providing protection to consumers by stabilizing the prices of basic necessities and prime commodities and by
prescribing measures against undue price increases during emergency situations and like occasions.
• Implementing Agencies
o Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) o Department of Agriculture (DA)
o Department of Health( DOH) o Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)
o Department of Energy (DOE)
Mandates IAs to issue Suggested Retail Prices (SRPs) of basic necessities and prime commodities whenever necessary

PENALTIES
Administrative
Article 164. Sanctions. – After investigation, any of the following administrative penalties may be imposed :
e) the imposition of administrative fines in such amount as deemed reasonable by the Secretary, which shall in no case be
less that Five hundred pesos (P500.00) nor more than Three hundred thousand pesos (P300,000.00) depending on the
gravity of the offense, and an additional fine of not more than One thousand pesos (P1,000.00) or each day of continuing
violation.
Criminal
Article 95.
Any person who violates the provisions of Article 81 to 83 for the first time shall be subject to a fine of not less than Two
hundred pesos (P200.00) but not more than Five thousand pesos (P5,000.00) or by imprisonment of not less than one
(1)month but not more than six (6) months or both, at the discretion of the court. A second conviction under this paragraph
shall also carry with it the penalty of revocation of business permit and license.

Toy and Game Safety Labelling Act of 2013 (RA 10620)

 An Act Providing for Toy and Game Safety Labelling, Treatment on Misbranded or Banned Hazardous
Substance and Appropriating Funds Therefor

PENALTIES

ADMINISTRATIVE

Article 164. Sanctions. – After investigation, any of the following administrative penalties may be imposed: e) the imposition
of administrative fines in such amount as deemed reasonable by the Secretary, which shall in no case be less that Five
hundred pesos (P500.00) nor more than Three hundred thousand pesos (P300,000.00) depending on the gravity of the
offense, and an additional fine of not more than One thousand pesos (P1,000.00) or each day of continuing violation.

CRIMINAL

Section 10. Penalties – Any person who shall violate any of this Act shall be subject to a fine of not less than Ten thousand
pesos (P10,000.00) but not more than Fifty thousand pesos P50,000.00) or imprisonment of not less than three 3) months
but not more then two (2) years, or both, at the discretion of the court.

Lemon Law (RA 10642)

An Act Strengthening Consumer Protection in the Purchase of Brand New Motor Vehicles signed July 15, 2014
Purpose: To provide protection to buyers who acquire vehicles that are defective or non conforming to the manufacturer's or
distributor's standards of quality and specifications.
SECTION 10. Civil liability of seller who refuses to comply. - A seller of a lemon motor vehicle who willfully fails to comply
with his obligations to repurchase or replace lemon products after final judgment shall be subject to a civil penalty of up to
two times the buyer's actual damages.
Jurisprudence of Philippine Law says:
Under Republic Act 10642 or the Philippine Lemon Law, a brand new car may be replaced if the dealer fails to address
complaints at least four times in a year. The dealer must support the buyer with a daily means of transportation or
alternative vehicle during the fixing time.
Section 11. Penalty. – The manufacturer, distributor, authorized dealer or retailer adjudged to have violated the provisions
requiring disclosure as mentioned in the preceding section shall be liable to pay a minimum amount of One hundred
thousand pesos (P100,000.00) as damages to the aggrieved party without prejudice to any civil or criminal liability they
and/or the responsible officer may incur under existing laws.

OTHER PENALTIES FOR THE VIOLATIONS OF THE CONSUMER ACT ADMINISTRATIVE PENALTIES (ART. 164)
 Cease and desist order: an order by an administrative agency that requires certain practices specified to stop
 Restitution: full or partial compensation for loss paid by a criminal to a victim that is ordered as part of a
criminal sentence or as a condition of probation
 Rescission: when a contract is rendered null and void, and so is no longer recognized as legally binding
 Condemnation and seizure: a legal act when a government exercises its eminent domain powers to seize
private property for public use