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EMMANUEL A. VERZOSA
Research Adviser
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Design and Implementation of a Solar-Powered Arduino-Based Watering System for an
Optimal Plant Moisture Management
SUAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Poblacion, Sual, Pangasinan
Chapter 1
Introduction
Rationale
The project aims to address the pressing need for sustainable and efficient agricultural practices. With the
global population on the rise and natural resources becoming scarcer, it is imperative to develop innovative
solutions that ensure food security while conserving vital resources such as water and energy.
Water scarcity is a significant challenge faced by agriculture worldwide. Traditional irrigation methods
often lead to overwatering or under watering, wasting precious water resources and affecting crop health.
This project focuses on creating an intelligent watering system that optimizes moisture levels precisely
where needed. By doing so, it contributes significantly to water conservation efforts, promoting sustainable
Harnessing solar energy for powering the watering system aligns with the project's commitment to
sustainability. Solar power is clean, renewable, and widely available. By utilizing solar panels to generate
the necessary energy, the project reduces dependence on non-renewable energy sources and mitigates the
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Design and Implementation of a Solar-Powered Arduino-Based Watering System for an
Optimal Plant Moisture Management
SUAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Poblacion, Sual, Pangasinan
Arduino microcontrollers provide a versatile and user-friendly platform for automation and control.
Integrating Arduino technology into the watering system allows for intelligent, data-driven decision-making.
The Arduino-based system can collect real-time data from soil moisture sensors and weather forecasts,
enabling precise adjustments in watering schedules. This data-driven approach not only ensures optimal
Beyond technological innovation, this project has the potential to empower farmers, especially those in
regions prone to water scarcity. By providing an affordable, solar-powered, and Arduino-based solution, the
project promotes inclusivity and accessibility. Farmers can adopt this technology to enhance crop yields,
improve agricultural practices, and ultimately contribute to local and global food security.
The "Design and Implementation of a Solar-Powered Arduino-Based Watering System for Optimal
sustainable energy usage, technological innovation, and food security. By combining solar power, Arduino
technology, and intelligent moisture management, the project not only serves as a model for eco-friendly
agricultural practices but also underscores the importance of innovation in ensuring a sustainable future for
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Design and Implementation of a Solar-Powered Arduino-Based Watering System for an
Optimal Plant Moisture Management
SUAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Poblacion, Sual, Pangasinan
This study is aimed to create an automatic moisture and watering system powered by solar energy as an
1. Can this device be an efficient tool in measuring the moisture level of the soil?
2. Is there a significant difference with the amount of time the device can measure the moisture of the soil?
Hypothesis
1. There is no significant difference in terms of the efficiency of the device in measuring the
2. There is no significant difference between the amount of time the device can identify the
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Design and Implementation of a Solar-Powered Arduino-Based Watering System for an
Optimal Plant Moisture Management
SUAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Poblacion, Sual, Pangasinan
Watering System for an Optimal Plant Moisture Management to help the community make a better watering
Farmers: By using the researchers product, they can grow and help maintain the nutrients of their crops and
Families: By using the researchers product, they can help their plants on getting a better nutritional needs
Community: The community can benefit in many ways from this product because the moisture of plants
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Design and Implementation of a Solar-Powered Arduino-Based Watering System for an
Optimal Plant Moisture Management
SUAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Poblacion, Sual, Pangasinan
Research Paradigm
1. Organize and
1. Internet make the design "Design and
Research procedures Implementation of
2. Experimentation 2. Gather the a Solar-Powered
3. Survey materials and Arduino-Based
Questionnaire apparatus needed Watering System
4. Gather and 3. Experiment for an Optimal
Analyse 4. Prepare set of Plant Moisture
5. Finalize the data questionnaires Management"
5. Decide the final
survey form
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Design and Implementation of a Solar-Powered Arduino-Based Watering System for an
Optimal Plant Moisture Management
SUAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Poblacion, Sual, Pangasinan
Definition of terms:
The following terms were conceptually and operationally defined for a better understanding of the
study.
1. Arduino- is an open-source electronics platform that comprises both hardware and software
development environment.
typically through the use of solar panels or solar cells. These devices convert sunlight into
electricity, making them eco-friendly and sustainable alternatives to traditional power sources.
3. Moisture Management – is the process of controlling and regulating the presence and
4. Watering System – is the method or system designed to supply water to plants, crops, or
landscapes in a controlled and efficient manner, ensuring proper hydration for healthy growth.
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Design and Implementation of a Solar-Powered Arduino-Based Watering System for an
Optimal Plant Moisture Management
SUAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Poblacion, Sual, Pangasinan
Scope:
1. Moisture Detector Integration: The study will focus on integrating a high-quality moisture
detector/sensor into the automated watering system. The sensor will provide precise and real-time data on
soil moisture content, enabling the system to make informed decisions regarding plant watering.
2. Calibration and Accuracy: Calibration procedures will be developed to ensure the accuracy of the
moisture detector. This includes accounting for different soil types and environmental conditions to calibrate
3. Threshold Determination: The system will incorporate algorithms to establish optimal soil moisture
thresholds for different types of plants. These thresholds will be used to trigger the automated watering
4. Data Interpretation: Programming logic will be implemented to interpret the moisture sensor data. The
system will process this data and make decisions based on predefined moisture level parameters to initiate
watering actions.
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Design and Implementation of a Solar-Powered Arduino-Based Watering System for an
Optimal Plant Moisture Management
SUAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Poblacion, Sual, Pangasinan
5. User Interface Integration: The moisture data, along with the system status and watering schedule, will
be displayed on the user interface. Users will have the ability to monitor real-time moisture levels and adjust
Delimitations:
1. Moisture Detection Limitation: The accuracy of the moisture detector is contingent upon the sensor's
quality and calibration. While efforts will be made to ensure precision, limitations of the sensor technology,
2. Surface Moisture vs. Root Zone Moisture: The moisture detector primarily measures surface soil
moisture. It does not directly measure the moisture content in the deeper root zones. Consequently, the
system may not provide a comprehensive view of the plant's overall moisture needs.
3. Dependency on Sensor Reliability: The effectiveness of the system relies heavily on the reliability and
durability of the moisture detector. Malfunctions, wear and tear, or sensor degradation over time could
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Design and Implementation of a Solar-Powered Arduino-Based Watering System for an
Optimal Plant Moisture Management
SUAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Poblacion, Sual, Pangasinan
4. Non-Consideration of Other Plant Health Factors: While soil moisture is a critical parameter, other
aspects of plant health, such as nutrient levels, diseases, and pest infestations, are not directly addressed
5. Water Source Quality: The system assumes a clean and reliable water source. Water quality issues, such
as high mineral content or contaminants, are beyond the scope of this study but are essential considerations
6. Cost and Affordability: The study does not extensively delve into the cost implications of integrating a
moisture detector. Commercial viability, affordability, and economic aspects are not deeply explored.
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Design and Implementation of a Solar-Powered Arduino-Based Watering System for an
Optimal Plant Moisture Management
SUAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Poblacion, Sual, Pangasinan
Chapter 2
Related Studies
IoT (Internet of Things) technology has significantly impacted agricultural practices. Researchers like Smith
et al. (2018) explored the integration of IoT sensors and automated watering systems, enabling remote
monitoring and control of plant irrigation. These systems leverage moisture sensors to ensure efficient water
Studies by Johnson and White (2017) emphasized the importance of soil moisture sensors in precision
agriculture. Their research demonstrated how accurate soil moisture data, obtained through advanced
sensors, can enhance crop yield and quality. This literature underscores the relevance of integrating precise
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Design and Implementation of a Solar-Powered Arduino-Based Watering System for an
Optimal Plant Moisture Management
SUAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Poblacion, Sual, Pangasinan
Advancements in sensor technologies have been pivotal. Research by Chen et al. (2019) showcased the
development of advanced moisture sensors based on nanotechnology. These sensors exhibit high sensitivity
and reliability in measuring soil moisture content. Integrating such cutting-edge sensors into automated
systems ensures real-time and precise moisture data, essential for effective plant hydration.
Understanding plant physiology is crucial for designing efficient watering systems. Studies by Botanist et al.
(2016) delved into plant-water relations and emphasized the significance of maintaining optimal moisture
levels for root health and nutrient uptake. Automated systems utilizing moisture detectors align with these
physiological principles, ensuring plants receive water when needed, promoting robust growth.
Energy efficiency is a concern in automated system. Research by Li and Zhang (2018) proposed energy-
efficient algorithms for automated watering systems. By optimizing sensor sampling intervals based on plant
water needs, these systems conserve energy without compromising functionality. This literature provides
12
Design and Implementation of a Solar-Powered Arduino-Based Watering System for an
Optimal Plant Moisture Management
SUAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Poblacion, Sual, Pangasinan
13
Design and Implementation of a Solar-Powered Arduino-Based Watering System for an
Optimal Plant Moisture Management